This is the first book to focus on crowdfunding in sport. Crowdfunding is an important new financial instrument that is becoming more popular with sports organisations, and this book examines the ...research evidence for crowdfunding and considers how it might be successfully implemented. Presenting international cases and data, including from European football, the book explains how crowdfunding campaigns have to be fully integrated with strategic marketing plans and require a solid understanding of the needs and motivations of potential investors, consumers, and fans. The book sets out a theoretical framework for applying strategic marketing in the context of crowdfunding in sports clubs, introduces the key characteristics of the sports crowdfunding market and funders’ behaviours in the crowdfunding campaigns of sports clubs, examines the market segments of the campaigns’ funders, and presents recommendations for developing marketing-mix programs to target them. This is important reading for any researcher, advanced student, or practitioner with an interest in sport business, sport marketing, sport finance, consumer behaviour in sport, or entrepreneurship, innovation, or technology in sport.
The goal of this research is to determine patterns and evolution of relative technical efficiency, as well as its role in changes of total factor productivity of the public spending on sports in EU ...member countries.
An input-oriented, variable returns to scale model of data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index are applied. They involve two outputs (mass participation in sport and elite sport successes), and two inputs (public and households' spending on sports).
The technical efficiency across EU countries shows a clear heterogeneity and volatility. Aside from six to seven efficient countries in each time period, other countries register a continuum of inefficiency scores, down to 0.08-0.20, which is indicative of important potential savings in public spending. From a time perspective, five patterns of efficiency and productivity evolution are identified. The common phenomenon is a deterioration of production possibilities which is not offset by rising managerial efficiency.
The study contributes to the comparative research of sport systems in Europe. Its results may enable peer learning and inform future initiatives, both at the national level and in the framework of the emerging European sport policy. In particular, the study indicates benchmark countries for each inefficient country, which is an interesting start for further qualitative exploration for both researchers and policy makers.
The low level of physical activity amongst Poles is not only a social problem, but also a big challenge for commercial organizations. The aim of the thesis was to determine indicating factors ...influencing the maximum price that students are prone to pay for physical activity. The research was based on the opinions of 398 respondents (students from Krakow’s academies). A Chi-square test of independence was used to compare the distribution of the observed variables with their theoretical distribution.
The test results show that the maximum price that students are prone to pay for a single admission ticket and for a monthly pass for participating in physical activity is correlated with the price of complementary goods, participation in free and paid kinesthetic forms of recreation, and their main subject of study. In the case of the decision to purchase monthly passes (as opposed to a ticket for single admission), the student’s income and motivation to exercise are also important. On the other hand, declarative price is not influenced by the gender and former sports activity of interviewees.
PURPOSE: This study explores the relationship between the resilience of the hotel industry (an underdeveloped concept) and the factors that support the development of this industry. It examines ...whether the resilience of the hotel industry varies regionally and whether it is influenced either by the characteristics of the hotel industry or by regional economic conditions. The study focuses on the COVID-19 pandemic, which particularly hit the hotel industry. METHODOLOGY: The clustering method is used to identify regions in Poland with similar pre-pandemic hotel industry development are identified. Secondly, Potthoff’s analysis and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn’s tests are used respectively to identify variations in the resilience responses of the industry in different regions and to examine the antecedents of these variations. FINDINGS: The data collected indicate variations between clusters in terms of resilience response. Not all factors that support the development of the hotel industry in a particular region are equally conducive to its resilience. Our study shows that the pandemic was not an isolated or unique event but rather a catalyst that brought long-standing issues for the hotel and tourism sector. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: This study contributes to the development of resilience theory by providing evidence-based arguments for separating the domains of resilience and development and for a more granular exploration of the trade-offs between them. From the perspective of the hotel industry, insights into narrowly channeled agglomeration externalities during a crisis could inform strategic decisions regarding the location of hotel investments, the value proposition created, and business model diversification. Therefore, there is a need for more resilient crisis management strategies that can be applied across the tourism sector. These strategies should encompass effective supply chain management and a robust framework for labor security. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The findings suggest that hotel industry development factors, which include both industry characteristics and regionally shaped economic conditions, provide mixed support for the resilience of this industry. The study revealed clear tensions between development and resilience impacts by highlighting existing trade-offs. Focusing attention on trade-off tensions advances both the conceptual validity and application potential. Although the present study was defined for the specific circumstances of the hotel industry, this approach can be replicated in different industries that are components of the supply chain of the tourism market and its value chain.
Online assessments are one of the main factors determining a customer's choice of accommodation. This article examines their relationship to prices in the low and high season in Cracow's hospitality ...market. The question of which attributes in hotel ratings explain the change in price levels was investigated. The inference was based on ratings and hotel room offers published on the Booking.com platform. Data were collected and estimated for the representative number of 97 hotels in Cracow. Regression analysis was then used to estimate the model. The results of the analysis showed that price levels for the high and low seasons are correlated with ratings for comfort and location. It is more precise to use these variables as an explanation for prices in the high season. Guests' perceptions of comfort and location are combined with other hotel features. The study showed which of the hotel parameters should be enhanced when rationally increasing price levels. The limitations of the study are that it covered only one Polish city, collected data from a single website, and omitted other variables to explain the prices of hotel rooms. This is one of the first papers to examine the correlation between electronic consumer ratings and price levels in the Polish hospitality market and one of few investigations based on the role of e-WOM for the pricing of all objects in the sector, not just for a specific category of hotels.
Given the increasing importance of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in the global tourism market, the purpose of the study was to estimate weights customers assign to main attributes of tourist ...accommodations embodied in easily observed eWOM numerical ratings and subsequently to determine segments of customers with homogenous preferences. To this goal, the preferences tourists attach to price and seven other accommodation attributes rated by Internet users on Booking.com were revealed with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Next, a two-stage clustering procedure based on these preferences was undertaken followed by profiling of the clusters in terms of their socio-demographics and travel characteristics. The results show that even if the ranking of the attributes is roughly the same for all the segments (with cleanliness, value for money, and location always in top four), all eight attributes effectively segment tourists into three clusters: “quality-seekers” (45% of the market), “bargain-seekers” (35%), and “cleanliness-seekers” (20%). The segments differ in terms of tourists’ income and expenditures, type of accommodation, actual payer for accommodation, and trip purpose. In contrast, socio-demographics, and most tourists stay variables are alike across the segments. The proposed method of benefit segmentation provides a new perspective for an exploitation of eWOM data by accommodation providers in their marketing strategy.
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