Design subject curriculum system is a major subject in the field of design education. The gap between ideal and reality makes the design of the curriculum system of design discipline a serious and ...urgent problem. Facing the “integration of industrialization and industrialization,” we can explore the professional curriculum system of environmental design and construction. And the method of constructing the corresponding system is initially proposed. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate and analyze the comprehensive effect of the model. According to the suggestions of experts and teachers, the designed indicators include 4 first-level indicators and 16 corresponding second-level indicators. The primary indicators include classroom response, teacher satisfaction, teaching effectiveness, and teaching environment. According to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation steps and corresponding calculation methods, the final evaluation results are obtained.
Objective:
To assess the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and explore the relationship between antibiotic overexposure and disease occurrence in a large prospective birth cohort.
Methods:
...Based on a prospective birth cohort, the study collected hospitalization data of very preterm infants (VPIs) having gestational age of less than 32 weeks from January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2021 via the China Northern Neonatal Network. Infants diagnosed with NEC ≥ stage II were included in the case group, and each case was matched for GA and birth weight for the control group. Furthermore, the risk factors for NEC were determined by statistical analyses.
Results:
A total of 6425 VPIs were included in this study, and 167 (2.6%) of these subjects were diagnosed with NEC ≥ stage II. The study also included 984 extremely preterm infants (gestational age <28 weeks), including 50 (5.1%) infants diagnosed with NEC ≥ stage II. In the matched case-control study, subjects had a total of antibiotic days-of-therapy for 9015 days, of which broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSAs) accounted for 77%. The antibiotic spectrum index per antibiotic day in the case group was significantly higher and was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of NEC (
p
= 0.001,
OR
= 1.13).
Conclusion:
The cohort of VPIs was overexposed to antiboitics. Unreasonable combination of antibiotics and overexposure to BSAs may increase the risk of NEC in preterm infants.
The research investigated the potential of heterologous expression of the heat-shock protein PpHSP70 in enhancing high temperature and drought tolerance in rice. After screening the whole genome ...sequence of Physcomitrium patens in the Phytzome database, 30 members of the HSP70 gene family were obtained. Their expression and the tissue expression patterns under abiotic stressors of high temperature, drought, and salt were analyzed. During the four-leaf stage of rice, overexpressed materials were subjected to a temperature of 45 °C for 20 h and to drought conditions for one week. After processing, 5 overexpression PpHSP70 materials survived against high temperature, and 7 materials survived against drought, while all wild-type materials KY131 died after the treatment. The results demonstrated that overexpression of PpHSP70 significantly improved both high-temperature tolerance and drought. This study provides valuable insights into the utilization of heterologous expression for enhancing crop tolerance to abiotic stressors.
Hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) are rare. Diagnostic and treatment experience with hepatic PEComa remains insufficient.
Three hepatic PEComa cases are reported in this ...paper: One case of primary malignant hepatic PEComa, one case of benign hepatic PEComa, and one case of hepatic PEComa with an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. During preoperative imaging and pathological assessment of intraoperative frozen samples, patients were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry subsequently revealed hepatic PEComa. Patients with hepatic PEComa which is misdiagnosed as HCC often require a wider surgical resection. It is easy to mistake them for distant metastases of hepatic PEComa and misdiagnosed as HCC, especially when it's combined with tumors in other organs. Three patients eventually underwent partial hepatectomy. After 1-4 years of follow-up, none of the patients experienced recurrence or metastases.
A clear preoperative diagnosis of hepatic PEComa can reduce the scope of resection and prevent unnecessary injuries during surgery.
A simple, specific, high-throughput colorimetric method based on the reaction of 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) with flavan-3-ols was developed to determine total procyanidins in selected ...cacao-based products. Extracts of defatted samples were dispensed into a 96-well plate and reacted with DMAC. The absorbance of the reaction products was measured at 640 nm and compared to commercially available procyanidin B2 as a standard. The use of the 96-well plates and a plate reader dramatically improved sample throughput. A standard protocol was established and used for further studies. The calibration was found to be linear from 1–100 ppm. The DMAC reagent reacted relatively specifically to (–)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, the gallates of catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin, oligomeric procyanidins of cocoa up to n = 4, and A-type procyanidins. Little or no reaction occurred with cyanidins and representative compounds of phenolic acids, flavones, flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, and stilbenes. Sample precision studies were carried out on 10 different test materials over several weeks, and yielded RSD values of 4.0 to 9.5%. The method was ring-tested in three laboratories using blinded test materials including cocoa beans, cocoa powder, chocolate liquor, dark chocolate, and milk chocolate. There was excellent agreement of the results between laboratories.
Microbial strains of variable functional capacities coexist in microbiomes. Current bioinformatics methods of strain analysis cannot provide the direct linkage between strain composition and their ...gene contents from metagenomic data. Here we present Strain‐level Pangenome Decomposition Analysis (StrainPanDA), a novel method that uses the pangenome coverage profile of multiple metagenomic samples to simultaneously reconstruct the composition and gene content variation of coexisting strains in microbial communities. We systematically validate the accuracy and robustness of StrainPanDA using synthetic data sets. To demonstrate the power of gene‐centric strain profiling, we then apply StrainPanDA to analyze the gut microbiome samples of infants, as well as patients treated with fecal microbiota transplantation. We show that the linked reconstruction of strain composition and gene content profiles is critical for understanding the relationship between microbial adaptation and strain‐specific functions (e.g., nutrient utilization and pathogenicity). Finally, StrainPanDA has minimal requirements for computing resources and can be scaled to process multiple species in a community in parallel. In short, StrainPanDA can be applied to metagenomic data sets to detect the association between molecular functions and microbial/host phenotypes to formulate testable hypotheses and gain novel biological insights at the strain or subspecies level.
Strain‐level Pangenome Decomposition Analysis (StrainPanDA) uses the pangenome coverage profile of multiple metagenomic samples to simultaneously reconstruct the composition and gene content variation of coexisting strains in microbial communities. StrainPanDA allows accurate and robust inference of strain composition and gene content profiles on synthetic data sets. Linked reconstruction of strain composition and gene content profiles provided by StrainPanDA furthers our understanding of the relationship between microbial adaptation and strain‐specific functions (e.g., nutrient utilization and pathogenicity).
Highlights
Strain‐level Pangenome Decomposition Analysis (StrainPanDA) uses the pangenome coverage profile of multiple metagenomic samples to simultaneously reconstruct the composition and gene content variation of coexisting strains in microbial communities.
StrainPanDA allows accurate and robust inference of strain composition and gene content profiles on synthetic data sets.
Linked reconstruction of strain composition and gene content profiles provided by StrainPanDA furthers our understanding of the relationship between microbial adaptation and strain‐specific functions (e.g., nutrient utilization and pathogenicity).
De novo loss-of-function (dnLoF) mutations are found twofold more often in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) probands than their unaffected siblings. Multiple independent dnLoF mutations in the same ...gene implicate the gene in risk and hence provide a systematic, albeit arduous, path forward for ASD genetics. It is likely that using additional non-genetic data will enhance the ability to identify ASD genes.
To accelerate the search for ASD genes, we developed a novel algorithm, DAWN, to model two kinds of data: rare variations from exome sequencing and gene co-expression in the mid-fetal prefrontal and motor-somatosensory neocortex, a critical nexus for risk. The algorithm casts the ensemble data as a hidden Markov random field in which the graph structure is determined by gene co-expression and it combines these interrelationships with node-specific observations, namely gene identity, expression, genetic data and the estimated effect on risk.
Using currently available genetic data and a specific developmental time period for gene co-expression, DAWN identified 127 genes that plausibly affect risk, and a set of likely ASD subnetworks. Validation experiments making use of published targeted resequencing results demonstrate its efficacy in reliably predicting ASD genes. DAWN also successfully predicts known ASD genes, not included in the genetic data used to create the model.
Validation studies demonstrate that DAWN is effective in predicting ASD genes and subnetworks by leveraging genetic and gene expression data. The findings reported here implicate neurite extension and neuronal arborization as risks for ASD. Using DAWN on emerging ASD sequence data and gene expression data from other brain regions and tissues would likely identify novel ASD genes. DAWN can also be used for other complex disorders to identify genes and subnetworks in those disorders.
The maintenance of healthy and resilient gut microbiota is critical for the life quality and healthspan of the elderly. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been increasingly used to restore ...healthy gut microbiota. We systemically studied the establishment and resilience of transplanted microbiota after autologous versus heterologous FMT in aged recipients. Gut microbiota of aged mice (20 months old) failed to restore their original diversity and composition over 8 weeks via spontaneous recovery after antibiotics treatment; in contrast, FMT using either autologous or heterologous (2 months old from a different vendor) donors facilitated the recovery successfully, established donor-like microbiota states, and affected host gene expression profile. Furthermore, the transplanted microbiota established by heterologous FMT is not resilient during chemical-induced colonic inflammation, in contrast to that of autologous FMT. Our findings highlighted the need to monitor the long-term stability of transplanted gut microbiota and to perform multiple FMT when necessary.
Display omitted
•Aged mice microbiota restores slowly after antibiotics treatment•Both autologous and heterologous FMT facilitate microbiota restoration in aged mice•FMT affects long-term homeostasis of gut metagenome and colon gene expression•Established microbiota after heterologous FMT is not resilient against colitis
Microbiology; Microbiome
The effect of a mangosteen product containing multivitamins and essential minerals was tested on immune function and well-being in healthy adults. A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled ...study was conducted in 59 healthy human subjects (40-60 years old). Changes from baseline immune function were measured after a 30-day consumption of the mangosteen product and the placebo. The subjects' self-appraisal of their health status was also surveyed. A xanthone-rich mangosteen product intake increased mean values for peripheral T-helper cell frequency (P = .020) and reduced the serum C-reactive protein concentration (P = .014). Increases in peripheral CD4/CD8 double-positive (DP) T-cell frequency and serum complement C3, C4, and interleukin (IL)-1alpha concentrations were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the placebo group (DP, P = .038; C3, P = .017; C4, P = .031; IL-1alpha, P = .006). At the end of study, serum IL-1alpha and IL-1beta concentrations in the study group were significantly higher than that in the placebo group (IL-1alpha, P = .033; IL-1beta, P = .04). Furthermore, more participants in the experimental group reported greatly improved overall health status compared with participants receiving placebo (P = .001). The results indicated that the intake of an antioxidant-rich product significantly enhanced immune responses and improved the subject's self-appraisal on his or her overall health status.
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