Introduction
Studies explored physiotherapeutic approaches in cervical dystonia (CD) patients with or without botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections, however the results are varying. There are no clinical ...trials investigating the effects of kinesiology taping in CD patients. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of kinesiology taping as an adjunct to the BoNT injections in patients with CD.
Methods
Twenty‐five patients were enrolled to the study. Patients were randomly assigned to the experimental 1 (BoNT + KinesioTaping), experimental 2 (BoNT + ShamTaping) or control (BoNT) treatment. After 12 weeks they were moved to the next experimental group and finally every patient received all 3 proposed treatment options. The severity of CD was quantified with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) including Torticollis severity, Disability, and Pain scales. Quality of life was evaluated using Craniocervical dystonia questionnaire (CDQ4).
Results
In all treatment groups, there was a significant improvement in dystonia symptoms measured with TWSTRS (total score) after BoNT injection regardless of the allocation to the experimental treatment (p < .05). ANOVA analysis revealed no differences in any of the TWSTRS variables after the intervention. Quality of life was significantly improved after application of taping (p < .05, p = .03).
Conclusions
Application of KinesioTaping after BoNT injection provided no additional effect on the severity of dystonia, although the quality of life was improved in patients with CD. Further research investigating the effect of KinesioTaping prior to BoNT injection is required.
There are no clinical trials investigating the effects of kinesiology taping in CD patients. The objective of this study is to investigate the outcome of kinesiology taping in addition to BoNT injections in patients with CD. Application of KinesioTaping after BoNT injection provided no effect on the severity of dystonia and quality of life in patients with CD.
To assess whether combined therapy with botulinum toxin injections (BoNT) and KinesioTaping could be helpful in managing non-motor symptoms (NMS) of cervical dystonia (CD).
Seventeen patients with CD ...were enrolled in this single-centre, prospective, evaluator-blinded, randomised, crossover trial. We compared three forms of treatment: BoNT treatment alone, or combined with KinesioTaping, or combined with ShamTaping. NMS were assessed using the 14-item self-reported questionnaire proposed by Klingelhoefer, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
There were no significant differences between the groups concerning mean results of HADS and PSQI scales, or mean total number of NMS after the procedures. The mean change from baseline HADS and PSQI scores, and total number of NMS after the procedure, also did not differ significantly between groups. ShamTaping combined with BoNT significantly increased the prevalence of pain.
Our study did not confirm the effectiveness of combined therapy of BoNT and KinesioTaping in the management of NMS in patients with CD. Due to a potential negative effect of improper taping on pain in CD, patients with CD should only experience KinesioTaping as an adjunctive therapy, and if it is performed by a trained, experienced physiotherapist.
Food self-sufficiency is considered one of the basic priorities for the functioning of modern food economies. The main aim of the study is to assess the level of self-sufficiency of cows milk ...production in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Thirteen Central and Eastern European countries were accepted as the research area. The study used simplified indicators of food self-sufficiency. Technical self-sufficiency included the volume approach to the foreign trade balance and the conversion of indices constituting the relation of the production volume per number of inhabitants and the volume of cows milk consumption in relation to the production volume. Economic self-sufficiency was based on the study of the balance of foreign trade in terms of value. The study was conducted for the years 2015-2020. The research results indicate that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are characterized by a significant degree of differentiation in terms of the self-sufficiency of cows milk production. Most of the countries considered follow a safe food policy for this agricultural raw material. The lowest degree of self-sufficiency of cows milk production is found in Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. Moreover, it was found that the abolition of milk quotas in 2015 in the European Union countries did not result in a significant increase in the volume of cows milk production.
Food self-sufficiency is considered one of the basic priorities for the functioning of modern food economies. The main aim of the study is to assess the level of self-sufficiency of cow’s milk ...production in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Thirteen Central and Eastern European countries were accepted as the research area. The study used simplified indicators of food self-sufficiency. Technical self-sufficiency included the volume approach to the foreign trade balance and the conversion of indices constituting the relation of the production volume per number of inhabitants and the volume of cow’s milk consumption in relation to the production volume. Economic self-sufficiency was based on the study of the balance of foreign trade in terms of value. The study was conducted for the years 2015-2020. The research results indicate that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are characterized by a significant degree of differentiation in terms of the self-sufficiency of cow’s milk production. Most of the countries considered follow a safe food policy for this agricultural raw material. The lowest degree of self-sufficiency of cow’s milk production is found in Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. Moreover, it was found that the abolition of milk quotas in 2015 in the European Union countries did not result in a significant increase in the volume of cow’s milk production.
One of the key markets of the European Union is the poultry meat market. The situation on this market is of significant importance to both producers and consumers. The main aim of the article is to ...study the level of self-sufficiency of selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe in the production of poultry meat. Eleven countries were selected as the research area: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary. In the conducted research, simplified indices of self-sufficiency were used: the balance of foreign trade in terms of volume and value, average annual consumption per capita and production volume in relation to consumption. The study was conducted for the years 2009-2018. The statistical sources used come from FAOSTAT and International Trade Centre databases. Research has shown that the analyzed countries are characterized by a significant diversification of the self-sufficiency level of poultry meat production. Only 6 analyzed countries can meet the domestic consumption demand from their own production, the remaining countries supplement the deficit from imported goods. The highest level of self-sufficiency of poultry meat production was observed in Poland, Slovenia, Lithuania and Hungary. On the other hand, the lowest level is found in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovakia and Latvia.
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