Precise land use and land cover (LULC) change information of a land surface is significant for sustainable development programs as the earth’s surface is undergoing rapid changes. Majuli Island is ...located in the upper reach of the Brahmaputra River in India. It is continuously changing its shape by the action of erosion of the Brahmaputra River, incurring both tangible and intangible losses. This study aims to find out the changes that occurred in the island by analyzing the land use/land cover along with channel migration in the Brahmaputra River that occurred in that area over the period 1973 to 2019. This paper assesses the changes and present status of Majuli River Island from 1973 to 2019 using Landsat MSS (1973), TM (1985, 1995), ETM + (2009), and OLI (2019) satellite imageries. Here, the maximum likelihood classification (MLC) technique for LULC analysis and their temporal changes and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) technique for the vegetation characteristics have been processed and analyzed with the help of the geospatial information system (GIS). From the results, it is found that area of vegetation has gradually decreased from 365.59 (26.85%) in 1973 to 262.79 km
2
(19.29%) in 2019. In contrast, the barren land had increased from 4.82 (0.35%) in 1973 to 31.88 km
2
(2.34%) in 2019. Other LULC categories like agricultural lands, built-up areas, water bodies, and sand deposition also have changed significantly. The NDVI values are also changed due to channel shifting, soil erosion, and deforestation. The accuracy assessment for the supervised classification of LULC classes for all years showed excellent results in all six classes.
In this work, multifunctional CuO nanowires (NWs) electrode-based extended-gate (EG) field-effect transistor (FET) has been explored for both pH and glucose sensing applications. The CuO nanowires ...(NWs) electrode-based EGFET gives good pH sensitivity (~48.34 mV/pH), high linearity (99.84%), good stability for pH level in between 2 and 12 for 12 hours with a drift rate of 2.5mV/h, and good reversibility in terms of low hysteresis loss of 2.5mV. The selectivity of this pH sensor towards hydrogen ion is significantly higher as compared to Na + , K + , Zn ++ and Mg ++ ions. In addition to the pH sensing, CuO NWs based electrode-based EGFET has also been explored for glucose-sensing for the first time without taking the help of neither any enzyme nor any organic receptor. The proposed glucose sensor gives a good sensitivity of 3.03 mV/mM with a high range of linearity (1mM-12mM), which covers up the glucose level of human blood ranging from 3.6 mM to 6.6 mM. This novel concept of CuO NWs based EG-FET glucose sensing is believed to be extended for sensing other saccharides such as fructose, sucrose, and mannose.
The promptness of industrialisation and expanding urbanisation to achieve targets of economics are resulting in the transfiguration of permeable surfaces into impervious ones through LULC adaptation, ...leaving a herculean footprint on the ecosystem. The LULC escalates land surface temperature (LST), which further stimulates urban heat islands (UHIs), ultimately remaining in tune with high levels of air pollution, energy use, and corresponding health hazards. The present evaluation first used Landsat TM/OLI satellite data to identify the labyrinth of the LULC rotation and, secondly, gauged its effects on the LST in the Cachar district of Assam, India, for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. It embraces Cellular Automata (CA) and GIS methodologies to pull out the urbanization pattern and its ramifications in various LULC brackets of Cachar, India. It also embraces spatiotemporal LULC monitoring (1990–2020) and urban growth modelling (2030–2040). From the period 1990 to 2020, satellite-based LULC showed a net urban expansion of 269.43 km2 (7.13% increase). Some correlations were developed to show the relationship between spatial indices such as NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Resultantly, a positive relation exists between LST and NDBI, but a negative correlation prevails between LST and NDVI, as well as NDWI. This evaluation will be of service to urban and environmental planners, providing them with detailed knowledge on how land cover is changing uniquely in northeast India.
Neuronal PET tracers for Alzheimer's disease Prem Kumar, Ashwini; Singh, Nivedita; Nair, Deepak ...
Biochemical and biophysical research communications,
01/2022, Volume:
587
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Advancements in brain imaging techniques have emerged as a significant tool in detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The complicated cascade of AD progression can be detected using radio ...imaging, especially with Positron emission tomography (PET). The review focus on recently introduced investigational PET tracers targeting neurofibrillary tau aggregates found typically in AD. Herein, we also address the use of different PET tracers and the clinical implementation of established and newer generation tracers. This review also intends to discuss the importance of several PET radiotracers and challenges in PET imaging.
•PET tracers play an important role in understanding AD progression.•Molecular PET tracers are a helpful tool to assess neuronal circuits.•PET tracers can be used to detect the alteration of toxic proteoforms in AD.•Engineering PET tracers would allow better adaptation in the early diagnosis of AD.
A BSTRACT Malignant phyllodes, along with ductal carcinoma, is known as metaplastic cancer of the breast. This tumor is additionally known as breast carcinosarcoma. Malignant phyllodes in conjunction ...with ductal carcinoma is a rare finding in routine clinical practice. We describe the case report of a 47-year-old female patient who arrived with a large right breast mass. A core biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination indicated that the tumor was a malignant phyllodes tumor. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed hyper-metabolic and hypo-metabolic tumors with perilesional stranding and satellite nodularity. There were a few metastatic right axillary nodes visible. There was no indication of distant metastases. Due to the presence of both components, a modified radical mastectomy surgery with axillary dissection was undertaken for this patient. Histopathological analysis of paraffin sections revealed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) comedo-epithelial component and spindle-shaped cells with hyper-chromatic oval nuclei and scanty cytoplasm.
DLC coatings have attracted an enormous amount of interest for science and engineering applications. DLC occurs in several different kinds of amorphous carbon materials. Owing to the extensive ...diversity in their properties, DLC coatings find applications in mechanical, civil, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and several other manufacturing industries. The coating life of DLC is predominately influenced by its constituent elements and manufacturing techniques. Numerous researchers have performed multiple experiments to achieve a robust understanding of DLC coatings and their inherent capabilities to enhance the life of components. In this review, a wide range of DLC coatings and their classification, properties, and applications are presented. Their remarkable performance in various applications has made DLC coatings a promising alternative over traditional solitary-coating approaches.
Diabetes Mellitus, characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia, is a heterogeneous group of disorders of multiple aetiologies. It affects the human body at multiple organ levels thus making it ...difficult to follow a particular line of the treatment protocol and requires a multimodal approach. The increasing medical burden on patients with diabetes-related complications results in an enormous economic burden, which could severely impair global economic growth in the near future. This shows that today’s healthcare system has conventionally been poorly equipped towards confronting the mounting impact of diabetes on a global scale and demands an urgent need for newer and better options. The overall challenge of this field of diabetes treatment is to identify the individualized factors that can lead to improved glycaemic control. Plants are traditionally used worldwide as remedies for diabetes healing. They synthesize a diverse array of biologically active compounds having antidiabetic properties. This review is an endeavour to document the present armamentarium of antidiabetic herbal drug discovery and developments, highlighting mechanism-based antidiabetic properties of over 300 different phytoconstituents of various chemical categories from about 100 different plants modulating different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis and degradation, cholesterol synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism as well as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor activation, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibition and free radical scavenging action. The aim is to provide a rich reservoir of pharmacologically established antidiabetic phytoconstituents with specific references to the novel, cost-effective interventions, which might be of relevance to other low-income and middle-income countries of the world.
The Cu1−xAxFe2O4 (A = Zn, Mg; x = 0.0, 0.5) ferrites were successfully synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveals that all the ferrite samples ...are in single-phase with tetragonal structure for CFO and cubic spinel structure for CZFO and CMFO samples. SEM micrograph shows the variation of grain size with Zn and Mg doping in parent CFO sample. Frequency dependent dielectric response confirms the dielectric polarization and electrical conduction mechanism in the present series with a maximum value of dielectric constant and loss tangent for CZFO sample. The anomaly ∼493 K in temperature dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss is assigned to tetragonal to cubic phase transition in CFO sample. The magnetic measurement explored that the saturation value (Ms) is maximum for CZFO as compared to CFO and CMFO ferrites samples.
► Doping of Zn2+ and Mg2+ effects the structural, dielectric and magnetic properties. ► Substitution of Zn2+ and Mg2+ transforms tetragonal structure of CFO to cubic. ► Dielectric response confirms the dielectric polarization and electrical conduction mechanism. ► The anomaly ∼493 K is attributed to tetragonal to cubic phase transition in CFO sample. ► VSM concludes that saturation magnetization value (Ms) is maximum for CZFO.
Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) glycoprotein plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and drug sensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), both individually and in combination with other mucins. Its ...function and localization are glycoform-specific. The immature isoform (detected by the CLH2 monoclonal antibody, or mab) is usually in the perinuclear (cytoplasmic) region, while the mature (45 M1, 2-11, Nd2) variants are in apical and extracellular regions. There is preclinical evidence suggesting that mature MUC5AC has prognostic and predictive (response to treatment) value. However, these findings were not validated in clinical studies. We propose a MUC5AC signature with three components of MUC5AC-localization, variant composition, and intensity-suggesting a reliable marker in combination of variants than with individual MUC5AC variants alone. We also postulate a theory to explain the occurrence of different MUC5AC variants in abnormal pancreatic lesions (benign, precancerous, and cancerous). We also analyzed the effect of mature MUC5AC on sensitivity to drugs often used in PDAC management, such as gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. We found preliminary evidence of its predictive value, but there is a need for large-scale studies to validate them.
The innate immune system of fish is considered first line of defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Being a component of innate immunity and lying at the interface between fish and the ...aqueous environment, skin mucus plays a frontier role in protecting fish from infections. In the present study, skin mucus of
Cirrhinus mrigala
,
Labeo rohita
,
Catla catla
,
Rita rita
and
Channa punctata
, inhabiting different ecological niches, was analyzed to characterize potential innate immune factors such as lysozyme, proteases, phosphatases, esterase and sialic acid. The enzyme activities were high in bottom dweller species,
C
.
punctata
and
C
.
mrigala
, and low in clean water inhabiting species,
L
.
rohita
and
C
.
catla
. An inverse relationship was observed between the level of enzyme activity and the sialic acid content in these fish species. In
R
.
rita
, however, the levels of all factors were found to be low. Zymographic analysis with labeled
Micrococcus lysodeikticus
revealed three isoforms of lysozyme in
C
.
punctata
and two in each species,
C
.
mrigala
,
L
.
rohita
and
C
.
catla
. In
R
.
rita
, lysozyme could not be detected. Gelatin zymography revealed that serine and metalloproteases were the major mucus proteases in all fish species investigated. In addition, trypsin-like protease and Ca
++
-specific serine proteases were observed in skin mucus. Increased knowledge of these parameters could be useful in understanding the role of skin mucus in the innate immune system of fish species inhabiting different ecological niches.
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