The present study was conducted during the period 2014-15 and a sample of 60 trout farmers, 30 each from two districts, namely, Ganderbal and Anantnag was interviewed using a pre-tested ...questionnaire. The investigation showed that fixed capital investment on sample farm was Rs.6.25 crore per hectare and Rs.1.25 lakh per raceway. The major share of investment was for the construction of raceway, which accounted for 67.60 per cent of total investment on sample farms. The share of total variable and fixed cost was 75.32 per cent and 24.68 per cent, respectively to the total cost. Feed was the major cost component accounting for about 45.35 per cent of the total cost and key factor in deciding profitability of trout farming. Resource use efficiency showed that feed was over-utilised while labour was under-utilised. The returns to scale in trout production of 1.25 indicates increasing returns to scale in trout production. High price of feed and seed are found to be the major constraints in trout culture. The B-C ratio worked out to be 1.80, indicating the economic feasibility of trout farming in the Kashmir valley.
China has been the largest producer of fish in the world since 1989 and became the largest consumer of fish and fishery products recently. With increase in China’s demand and preference for ...shellfishes and value-added fish products, India sees China as the second largest export destination after the US. This study analyzed the status, export performance and competitiveness of Indian fish export to China based on data (2000-2018) from trademap.org and UNCOMTRADE statistical database. Compound Growth Rate (CGR) revealed that the seafood export grew at an annual rate of 9.68% in terms of value with instability of 0.24 from 2000-2018. The Simpson Index of Diversity (SID) to the China revealed that the index values remained highest all throughout the years as compared to USA and the rest of the world. The Unit Value Realization (UVR) was found highest in live fishes ($34.92/kg) followed by fresh chilled fish ($7.19/kg), crustaceans ($5.97/kg) and others for 2018. Commodity wise RCA revealed that it is highly positive for frozen fillet meat mince (10.22) followed by crustaceans (8.0) and frozen fish (5.05), indicating that India has a strong comparative advantage in exporting these commodities to China.
The paper presents long-run changes in agricultural labour market and its effects on farm economy. Further, the effect of COVID-19 led disequilibrium in labour market on cost of cultivation of paddy ...and wheat has been quantified. The evidence from both census and NSSO surveys point out rising employment diversification towards non-farm sectors. Census estimates of agricultural labour are higher than NSSO estimates which is partly explained by adoption of different minor time criteria by these sources to identify marginal/subsidiary labour. Census based evidences suggest distress-led transition of cultivators to agricultural labours, whereas NSSO surveys based evidences refute such trends and point out towards development-led employment diversification wherein both cultivators and agricultural labours move towards more productive non-farm sectors. The recent NSSO survey (2017-18) reveals deceleration in withdrawal of cultivators and acceleration in withdrawal of agricultural labours. Successive cost of cultivation surveys also report a consistent decline in labour use in crop cultivation and therefore externally validate the trends from NSSO surveys. However, despite reduction in labour use, labour cost has increased. Due to inelastic demand for labour, increase in wages could not bring proportionate decrease in labour use and resulted in increase in labour cost in crop cultivation. Short-term disequilibrium in labour supply caused due to COVID-19 led lockdown increased cost Ai+FL by 1.1 per cent in wheat and 4.6 per cent in paddy. However, farmers in Bihar did not witness any benefit on account of increased labour supply due to large scale reverse migration.
The launch of aqua-model village scheme by the Government of Tripura was an ambitious effort for the development of fisheries in the state. The study has assessed the employment generation and income ...distribution pattern across fish farmers on implementation of aqua-model village scheme by the Department of Fisheries of Govt. of Tripura during 2004–05 to 2010–11 based on the responses of 80 sample farmers selected from both the adopted and non-adopted villages under the scheme. The study has revealed that the aqua-model village scheme has helped in generating employment and income and improving equitable distribution of income across the fish farmers of the state. The study has suggested implementation of this scheme in other areas of the state also.
Historical climate data analysis is of great significance in climate change adaptation and mitigation planning at global as well as regional levels. This article attempted to study the long-term ...trends of temperature and rainfall across the districts in Kerala, India. CRU monthly time series data of rainfall and temperature data spanning from 1901-2022 were used for the analysis. Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s Slop estimator were applied to detect the presence and magnitude of the trend, and Pettitt’s homogeneity test was used to find the climate change point in temperature time series data. The analysis found a significant and positive temperature trend across all districts in Kerala, with temperature increases ranging from 0.0086°C/year to 0.0102°C/year. In terms of rainfall trends, June and January experienced a significant decrease, while July and September saw a significant increase over the years. The year 1976 was identified as the point of climate change. It was observed that there was an increase in the southwest and Northeast monsoons in the post-period, with higher variability in the latter. Winter rainfall notably decreased during the post-period. The variability in climate parameters identified in this study could impact crop cycles and agricultural productivity, requiring further investigation at a micro-level for effective adaptation and mitigation strategies for the state.
Examining the manifestations and effects of climate change is critically dependent on the spatiotemporal analysis of meteorological variables, particularly in areas where agriculture depends on ...rainfall. The present study analyses the change in temperature and rainfall using Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator and also identifies the variations in rainfall by using Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI). The main purpose of this study is to assess the variation in climatic variable (temperature and rainfall) across the regions of Maharashtra over 50 years (1968-2017) which might be helpful to identify strategies that can aid in addressing the consequences of extreme climate events in the future and in formulating appropriate region-specific strategies. The trend of rainfall and temperature series for the kharif and rabi season revealed a significant increasing trend for maximum and minimum temperature, however nonsignificant decreasing trend for kharif and rabi rainfall. The RAI value indicates a relatively a greater number of dry periods in Marathwada and Vidarbha region in comparison to the Konkan, Western Maharashtra and Khandesh. The findings of the study can be useful in developing plans to manage water resources effectively and reduce the adverse impacts of droughts basically in the Marathwada and Vidarbha regions.
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