With weight reduction and component reliability being the top priority while designing automobile components, the selection and use of materials of a high strength-to-weight ratio is of vital ...importance. Less weight ensures low fuel consumption and hence low emissions thus having a great impact on the environment on a large scale. Brake rotors are one of the most important components in an automobile, which aid in stopping the vehicle by converting the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle into heat energy by means of friction. This study focuses on the use of abrasive particle (SiC)-reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite material for brake rotors which is expected to generate less heat during braking (due to friction) and also reduces the unsprung mass of the vehicle resulting in better handling. This paper discusses the design, structural, and thermal analysis; the manufacturing method; and the testing of silicon carbide-reinforced aluminum (Al 6061) matrix composite material for motorcycle brake rotor.
Artificial intelligence education (AIEd) is defined in the field of education as the utilization of artificial intelligence. There are currently many AIEd‐driven applications in schools and ...universities. This paper applies an artificial intelligence module combined with the knowledge recommendation to the system and develops an online English teaching system in comparison with the common teaching auxiliary system. The method of English teaching is useful in investigating the potential internal connections between evaluation outcomes and various factors. This article develops deep learning‐assisted online intelligent English teaching system that utilizes to create a modern tool platform to help students improve their English language teaching efficiency in line with their mastery of knowledge and personality. The decision tree algorithm and neural networks have been used and to generate an English teaching assessment implementation model based on decision tree technologies. It provides valuable data from extensive information, summarizes rules and data, and helps teachers to improve their education and the English scores of students. This system reflects the thinking of the artificial intelligence expert system. Test application demonstrates that the system can help students improve their learning efficiency and will make learning content more relevant. Besides, the system provides an example model with similar methods and has a referential definition.
•Described novel PV array structures to improve output power at partial shading.•Proposed current injection method to mitigate effect of partial shading on PV array.•Conducted detailed simulation of ...different PV array topologies at partial shading.•Hardware results show 42.2% progress in PV array output power using proposed method.•A table is formulated to decide best suited PV array structure at partial shading.
The output power produced by solar Photovoltaic (PV) array is reduced drastically by partial shading effect. Various array formation and reconfiguration techniques were introduced by many researchers to mitigate partial shading effects in PV array. This paper proposes new PV Array Topologies (PVATs) to improve the performance during partial shading conditions (PSCs). Totally, eight shading patterns are considered in the analysis for seven types of array configurations. Based on the existing array configurations, six novel PVATs are proposed to address the partial shading effect. A 4 × 4, 4 kW solar PV array which consists of sixteen panel of each 250 W rating is considered in this paper. The proposed PVATs are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink® to assess the performance. The results obtained from the simulation are compared with the conventional PVATs and suitable topologies which give best performance during various PSCs are identified. The result comparison shows that the modified total cross-tied (TCT) configuration performs well to extract more power in most of the PSCs. For the Short and Wide PSC, the proposed TCT improves the output power of PVAT by 105% compared to the existing TCT topology. The proposed method is also validated experimentally using 2 × 2 TCT PV array topology and the output waveforms are presented in this paper. This research would be helpful for the PV power plant installers to identify a suitable array configuration.
Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has caused many death cases and affected all sectors of human life. With gradual progression of time, COVID-19 was declared by the ...world health organization (WHO) as an outbreak, which has imposed a heavy burden on almost all countries, especially ones with weaker health systems and ones with slow responses. In the field of healthcare, deep learning has been implemented in many applications, e.g., diabetic retinopathy detection, lung nodule classification, fetal localization, and thyroid diagnosis. Numerous sources of medical images (e.g., X-ray, CT, and MRI) make deep learning a great technique to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. Motivated by this fact, a large number of research works have been proposed and developed for the initial months of 2020. In this paper, we first focus on summarizing the state-of-the-art research works related to deep learning applications for COVID-19 medical image processing. Then, we provide an overview of deep learning and its applications to healthcare found in the last decade. Next, three use cases in China, Korea, and Canada are also presented to show deep learning applications for COVID-19 medical image processing. Finally, we discuss several challenges and issues related to deep learning implementations for COVID-19 medical image processing, which are expected to drive further studies in controlling the outbreak and controlling the crisis, which results in smart healthy cities.
In the present work, transition metal spinel ferrite (MFe2O4; M = Co, Ni, Zn) nanostructures synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. XRD analysis confirms the formation of cubic spinel-type ...structure with space group Fd3m and the average crystallite size calculated by Scherrer's formula found to be in 9–14nm range. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study surface morphology of the samples. Moreover, Raman and PL spectra also confirm the formation of the cubic structure. The Raman spectra measured on cobalt, nickel and zinc ferrite revealed a larger number of phonon bands than expected for the cubic spinel structure. The calculated optical energy band gaps, obtained by Tauc's relation from UV–Vis absorption spectra are found to be as 2.44, 3.54 and 3.25eV for CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4&ZnFe2O, respectively. The analysis of the complex impedance spectra of all ferrites samples shows the presence of one semicircular arc at all selected temperatures, signifying a key role of the grain boundary contribution. The dielectric constants (ε′) were measured in the frequency range from 10Hz to 5MHz at different temperatures and is found to be decreased suddenly with an increase in frequency and maintain a steady state or constant at higher frequencies for all the three samples. The AC conductivity is found to be increased with frequency and temperature of all the three samples which is explained on the basis of Koop's phenomenological theory.
Monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages are ontogenetically distinct components of the innate immune system. Assessment of their respective functions in pathology is complicated by changes ...to the macrophage phenotype during inflammation. Here we find that Cxcr4-CreER enables permanent genetic labeling of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and distinguishes HSC-derived monocytes from microglia and other tissue-resident macrophages. By combining Cxcr4-CreER-mediated lineage tracing with Cxcr4 inhibition or conditional Cxcr4 ablation in photothrombotic stroke, we find that Cxcr4 promotes initial monocyte infiltration and subsequent territorial restriction of monocyte-derived macrophages to infarct tissue. After transient focal ischemia, Cxcr4 deficiency reduces monocyte infiltration and blunts the expression of pattern recognition and defense response genes in monocyte-derived macrophages. This is associated with an altered microglial response and deteriorated outcomes. Thus, Cxcr4 is essential for an innate-immune-system-mediated defense response after cerebral ischemia. We further propose Cxcr4-CreER as a universal tool to study functions of HSC-derived cells.
Cancer genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling has generated extensive data that necessitate the development of tools for its analysis and dissemination. We developed UALCAN to provide a ...portal for easy exploring, analyzing, and visualizing these data, allowing users to integrate the data to better understand the gene, proteins, and pathways perturbed in cancer and make discoveries. UALCAN web portal enables analyzing and delivering cancer transcriptome, proteomics, and patient survival data to the cancer research community. With data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, UALCAN has enabled users to evaluate protein-coding gene expression and its impact on patient survival across 33 types of cancers. The web portal has been used extensively since its release and received immense popularity, underlined by its usage from cancer researchers in more than 100 countries. The present manuscript highlights the task we have undertaken and updates that we have made to UALCAN since its release in 2017. Extensive user feedback motivated us to expand the resource by including data on a) microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and promoter DNA methylation from TCGA and b) mass spectrometry-based proteomics from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). UALCAN provides easy access to pre-computed, tumor subgroup-based gene/protein expression, promoter DNA methylation status, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. It also provides new visualization features to comprehend and integrate observations and aids in generating hypotheses for testing. UALCAN is accessible at http://ualcan.path.uab.edu
Renewable energy-based solar photovoltaic (PV) generation is the best alternative for conventional energy sources because of its natural abundance and environment friendly characteristics. Maximum ...power extraction from the PV system plays a critical role in increasing the efficiency of the solar power generation during partial shading conditions (PSCs). Therefore, a suitable maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to track the maximum power point (MPP) is of high need, even under PSCs. This paper presents an organized and concise review of MPPT techniques implemented for the PV systems in literature along with recent publications on various hardware design methodologies. Their classification is done into four categories, i.e. classical, intelligent, optimal, and hybrid depending on the tracking algorithm utilized to track MPP under PSCs. During uniform insolation, classical methods are highly preferred as there is only one peak in the P-V curve. However, under PSCs, the P-V curve exhibits multiple peaks, one global maximum power point (GMPP) and remaining are local maximum power points (LMPP's). Under the PSCs, classical methods fail to operate at GMPP and hence there is a need for more advanced MPPT techniques. Every MPPT technique has its advantages and limits, but a streamlined MPPT is drafted in numerous parameters like sensors required, hardware implementation, cost viability, tracking speed and tracking efficiency. This study provides the advancement in this area since some parameter comparison is made at the end of every classification, which might be a prominent base-rule for picking the most gainful sort of MPPT for further research.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are new carbon-based nanomaterials with unique electronic, optical, and physicochemical properties. Both CQDs and GQDs have received ...attention in different material research fields such as optoelectronics, energy harvesting, chemical sensing, and biosensing. The combination of edge effects and/or zero-dimensional quantum-confined structures make them a promising alternative for applications like LED emitters, photodetectors, solar cells, water splitting, and optoelectronic devices. Despite the great potential for using these materials in energy harvesters, their potential in energy applications has not yet been reviewed thoroughly. In this review, we particularly focused on the role of edge effects and attached functional groups on flexible optoelectronic devices for energy harvesting applications. In addition, we also discussed the underlying challenges and future prospects for CQD/GQD-based devices with respect to their performance, sustainability, durability, and cost-effectiveness to efficiently realize their industrial scale-up.
•The potential of carbon (CQD)/graphene quantum dots (GQD) is recognized for energy field.•Here the material properties of CQDs/GQDs are assessed as energy harvesting devices.•The advantages of CQDs/GQDs over the pre-existing materials are evaluated in various.•The CQDs/GQDs have potential to be used for futuristic large-scale device applications.•With.
The perception of light signals by the phytochrome family of photoreceptors has a crucial influence on almost all aspects of growth and development throughout a plant's life cycle. The holistic ...regulatory networks orchestrated by phytochromes, including conformational switching, subcellular localization, direct protein-protein interactions, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations, and translational and posttranslational controls to promote photomorphogenesis, are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels. During the past decade, advances using innovative approaches have substantially broadened our understanding of the sophisticated mechanisms underlying the phytochrome-mediated light signaling pathways. This review discusses and summarizes these discoveries of the role of the modular structure of phytochromes, phytochrome-interacting proteins, and their functions; the reciprocal modulation of both positive and negative regulators in phytochrome signaling; the regulatory roles of phytochromes in transcriptional activities, alternative splicing, and translational regulation; and the kinases and E3 ligases that modulate PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs to optimize photomorphogenesis.
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