Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents, but its pathogenesis has been difficult to establish because of its well-known heterogeneous nature. OS has been ...associated with genetic and cytogenetic abnormalities, which include function-impairing mutations in tumor suppressors and the activation of oncogenes. OS tumorigenesis has been linked to alterations of several genes characterized by a high level of genetic instability and recurrent DNA amplifications and deletions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), 18-25-nucleotide noncoding RNAs, are critical for various biological processes like differentiation, cell growth and cell death. Dysregulation of miRNA expression leads to phenotypic and genotypic changes in cells, which leads to cancer. Studies on miRNAs have initiated a significant effect in both diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge of clinical applications of miRNAs for the better diagnosis and management of OS.
The lack of traditional cancer treatments has resulted in an increased need for new clinical techniques. Standard two-dimensional (2D) models used to validate drug efficacy and screening have a low
-
...translation potential. Recreating the
tumor microenvironment at the three-dimensional (3D) level is essential to resolve these limitations in the 2D culture and improve therapy results. The physical and mechanical environments of 3D culture allow cancer cells to expand in a heterogeneous manner, adopt different phenotypes, gene and protein profiles, and develop metastatic potential and drug resistance similar to human tumors. The current application of 3D scaffold culture systems based on synthetic polymers or selected extracellular matrix components promotes signalling, survival, and cancer cell proliferation. This review will focus on the recent advancement of numerous 3D-based scaffold models for cancer tissue engineering, which will increase the predictive ability of preclinical studies and significantly improve clinical translation.
Osteosarcoma is a rare but highly malignant cancer of the bone. As a consequence, the number of established cell lines used for experimental in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma research is limited and ...the value of these cell lines relies on their stability during culture. Here we investigated the stability in gene expression by microarray analysis and array genomic hybridization of three low metastatic cell lines and derivatives thereof with increased metastatic potential using cells of different passages.
The osteosarcoma cell lines showed altered gene expression during in vitro culture, and it was more pronounced in two metastatic cell lines compared to the respective parental cells. Chromosomal instability contributed in part to the altered gene expression in SAOS and LM5 cells with low and high metastatic potential. To identify metastasis-relevant genes in a background of passage-dependent altered gene expression, genes involved in "Pathways in cancer" that were consistently regulated under all passage comparisons were evaluated. Genes belonging to "Hedgehog signaling pathway" and "Wnt signaling pathway" were significantly up-regulated, and IHH, WNT10B and TCF7 were found up-regulated in all three metastatic compared to the parental cell lines.
Considerable instability during culture in terms of gene expression and chromosomal aberrations was observed in osteosarcoma cell lines. The use of cells from different passages and a search for genes consistently regulated in early and late passages allows the analysis of metastasis-relevant genes despite the observed instability in gene expression in osteosarcoma cell lines during culture.
The demand for environmental friendly methodologies had shifted the the approach of scientific community for using easy and green reaction conditions instead of using hazardous and harsh reaction ...conditions. One of the suggested approaches, use of catalyst remained prime choice for harsh free green reaction. The difficulty in the separation of homogeneous catalyst from reaction product increased the attention of chemists for heterogeneous catalysts. The present review summarizes some recent important developments in heterogeneous catalysis using “click reaction” for obtaining 1,2,3-triazoles via Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). A vast collection of papers is efficiently grouped into two significant classes to increase readability in easy language. Firstly, the CuAAC reactions, and secondly, other metal-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (MAAC) reactions are discussed. The CuAAC reactions are further grouped into two sub-classes of Cu(I)-nanoparticle catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Cu-NPs-AAC) and simple Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. In most cases, the formation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles, as reported, was conveniently presented with the help of colored schemes.
The environmental friendly methodologies had shifted the approach of organic synthesis for green reactions instead of using hazardous and harsh route. The use of catalyst remained prime choice for green reactions. The difficulty with homogeneous catalyst to separate product diverted attention of chemists for heterogeneous catalysts. This review summarizes recent developments in heterogeneous catalysis using “click reaction” for 1,2,3-triazoles via CuAAC. Vast collection of papers grouped into two significant classes of CuAAC, and MAAC reactions to increase readability in easy language. Further, CuAAC reactions are grouped into two sub-classes of Cu-NPs-AAC and simple CuAAC. Display omitted
•During last five years crucial developments happened in heterogeneous catalysis for triazole “click” reaction.•Vast collection of papers efficiently grouped to increase readability in simple and easy language.•The CuAAC and MAAC (M: Ru, Mg, Sn, Ge, Zn, La, Si, etc.) are two broad classes.•The CuAAC further divided into nanoparticle based Cu-NPs-AAC and normal CuAAC.•Cu(I)-heterogeneous catalyst works by forming Cu-acetylides to form 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles.
A straightforward condensation method has been employed to introduce the potential alternative anchoring group of vanillin in porphyrins. Depending on the number of carboxylate groups in the ...porphyrin ring, the electrochemical and optical properties were studied. A slight hypsochromic shift was observed when the number of carboxylate groups in porphyrins increased in the emission and absorption bands. Calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels from cyclic and differential pulsed voltammogram studies clearly indicate that the LUMO energy levels of the dyes vary significantly with the number of carboxylate groups. It improves the electron injection dynamics of porphyrin-sensitized solar cell devices, offering them to achieve 0.36% PCE in PC-3 dye. Additionally, the recombination kinetics, denoted by
τ
rec
and
k
rec
, which are also affected by the carboxylate group, was calculated using the transient photovoltage decay. This demonstrates that the process of recombination at vanillin-anchored porphyrin dyes with carboxylate groups occurs very slowly.
The present study demonstrates an unprecedented green process for the production of spherical-shaped Au and Ag nanoparticles synthesized and stabilized using a bacterium,
Brevibacterium casei. ...Aqueous solutions of chloroaurate ions for Au and Ag
+ ions for silver were treated with
B. casei biomass for the formation of Au nanoparticles (AuNP) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNP). The nanometallic dispersions were characterized by surface plasmon absorbance measuring at 420 and 540
nm for Ag and Au nanoparticles, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of nanoparticles in the range of 10–50
nm (silver), and 10–50
nm (gold). XRD analysis of the silver and gold nanoparticles confirmed the formation of metallic silver and gold. Further analysis carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), provides evidence for the presence of proteins as possible biomolecules responsible for the reduction and capping agent which helps in increasing the stability of the synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles. The biological activities of the synthesized particles were confirmed based on their stable anti-coagulant effects. The use of bacterium for nanoparticles synthesis offers the benefits of ecofriendliness and amenability for large-scale production.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify, model, analyze and prioritize the barriers in implementing sustainable practices in rubber products manufacturing industry in Kerala, a state in ...South India. This research provides a more reliable quantitative measure of association of the barriers in the implementation of sustainable practices in the rubber products manufacturing sector.
Design/methodology/approach
Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is used to develop the hierarchical relationships among the barriers in the implementation of sustainable supply chain practices in the rubber products manufacturing sector. The hierarchical structure among the barriers is framed using the experts’ opinion. Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to the classification (MICMAC) analysis is integrated with the output of ISM to classify the barriers into different categories based on the driving power and the dependence power. The driving power and the dependence power of the barriers obtained from ISM constitute two criteria for prioritizing the barriers. The change management required is considered as the third criterion. The fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) methodology is adopted to prioritize the barriers based on these three criteria.
Findings
The hierarchical relationship obtained through ISM methodology shows that lack of government initiatives and lack of benchmark on sustainability measurement in Indian conditions are the major barriers in implementing sustainable practices in the rubber products manufacturing sector. These barriers lead to the lack of management commitment for the implementation of sustainable practices in the organizations under study. The prioritization obtained through the F-AHP method suggests that lack of top-level management commitment, lack of motivation, lack of government initiatives and high initial cost of implementation are some of the major barriers in implementing sustainable practices in the organizations.
Research limitations/implications
In the application of the ISM methodology, the contextual relationship between the barriers specified by the experts and their preferences may involve bias. Another limitation of this research is that the modeling and prioritization of the barriers are executed based on the opinion of experts from rubber product manufacturing companies in one state only.
Originality/value
To the best knowledge of the authors, this research is the first study on the identification and prioritization of the barriers in sustainable supply chain implementation in the rubber products manufacturing sector. Modeling the inter-relationship among the barriers using ISM technique and prioritizing the barriers using F-AHP are the novel features of the contributions of this work.
•Breast cancer-derived exosomes serve as promising biomarkers for diagnosing breast cancer due to their presence in bodily fluids.•Understanding the molecular cargo and signaling pathways of breast ...cancer- derived exosomes provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.•Breast cancer derived exosomes can remodel extracellular matrix, drive metastatic dissemination, and create pro-inflammatory environments.•Analysis of the contents of breast cancer-derived exosomes may lead to the identification of specific BC biomarkers for personalized treatment strategies and prognosis prediction.•Breast cancer derived exosomes could be used as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy affecting women worldwide. Although conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and biological therapy are commonly used, they often entail significant side effects. Therefore, there is a critical need to investigate more cost-effective and efficient treatment modalities in BC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, play a crucial role in modulating recipient cell behaviour and driving cancer progression. Among the EVs, exosomes provide valuable insights into cellular dynamics under both healthy and diseased conditions. In cancer, exosomes play a critical role in driving tumor progression and facilitating the development of drug resistance. BC-derived exosomes (BCex) dynamically influence BC progression by regulating cell proliferation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, BCex serve as promising diagnostic markers in BC which are detectable in bodily fluids such as urine and saliva. Targeted manipulation of BCex holds significant therapeutic potential. This review explores the therapeutic and diagnostic implications of exosomes in BC, underscoring their relevance to the disease. Furthermore, it discusses future directions for exosome-based research in BC, emphasizing the necessity for further exploration in this area.
Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 is a recently recognised potentially life-threatening entity. There is limited data on post-MIS-C sequelae. 21 children ...fulfilling the WHO criteria for MIS-C were included in our study. Data were collected at baseline and at 12–16 weeks post-discharge to look for any persistent sequelae mainly relating to the lungs or heart including coronary arteries. Fever was the most common presentation, found in 18 (85.7%) patients. All had a marked hyper-inflammatory state. Low ejection fraction (EF) was found in 10 (47.6%), but none had any coronary artery abnormality. All received corticosteroids, while 7 (33.3%) children required additional treatment with intravenous Immunoglobulins. 20 children improved while 1 left against medical advice. At discharge, 3 children had impaired left ventricular function. At median 15 weeks’ follow-up, no persistent complications were found. EF had returned to normal and no coronary artery abnormalities were found during repeat echocardiography. Chest radiographs showed no fibrosis and all biochemical parameters had normalized. The children with MIS-C are extremely sick during the acute stage. Timely and adequate management led to full recovery without any sequelae at a median follow-up of 15 weeks.
Spice-rich recipes are referred to as "functional foods" because they include a variety of bioactive chemicals that have health-promoting properties, in addition to their nutritional value. Using ...pharmacoinformatics-based analysis, we explored the relevance of bioactive chemicals found in Rasam (a South Indian cuisine) against oxidative stress-induced human malignancies. The Rasam is composed of twelve main ingredients, each of which contains a variety of bioactive chemicals. Sixty-six bioactive compounds were found from these ingredients, and their structures were downloaded from Pubchem. To find the right target via graph theoretical analysis (mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MAPK6)) and decipher their signaling route, a network was built. Sixty-six bioactive compounds were used for in silico molecular docking study against MAPK6 and compared with known MAPK6 inhibitor drug (PD-173955). The top four compounds were chosen for further study based on their docking scores and binding energies. In silico analysis predicted ADMET and physicochemical properties of the selected compounds and were used to assess their drug-likeness. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation modelling methodology was also used to analyse the effectiveness and safety profile of selected bioactive chemicals based on the docking score, as well as to assess the stability of the MAPK6-ligand complex. Surprisingly, the discovered docking scores against MAPK6 revealed that the selected bioactive chemicals exhibit varying binding ability ranges between - 3.5 and - 10.6 kcal mol
. MD simulation validated the stability of four chemicals at the MAPK6 binding pockets, including Assafoetidinol A (ASA), Naringin (NAR), Rutin (RUT), and Tomatine (TOM). According to the results obtained, fifty of the sixty-six compounds showed higher binding energy (- 6.1 to - 10.6 kcal mol
), and four of these compounds may be used as lead compounds to protect cells against oxidative stress-induced human malignancies.
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