ObjectivesAcute stroke management has changed dramatically over the recent years, where a timely assessment is driven by the expanding treatment options of acute ischaemic stroke. This increases the ...risk in treating non-stroke patients (stroke mimics) with a possibly hazardous intravenous thrombolysis treatment (IVT).SettingPatients of the thrombolysis registry of Södersjukhuset AB, a secondary health centre in Stockholm, were retrospectively studied to determine complications and outcome after IVT in strokes and stroke mimics.ParticipantsConsecutively, 674 recruited patients from 1 January 2008 to 1 December 2013 were analysed regarding demographics and outcome at 3 months after onset of symptoms.ResultsIschaemic stroke was confirmed in 625 patients (93%), and 48 patients (7%) were stroke mimics. Patients with strokes were older than stroke mimics 72 (IQR: 64–81) vs 54 years (IQR 40–67), p<0.0001. Antihypertensive and antithrombotic treatment were more common in patients with stroke (p<0.0001 and p=0.006, respectively). National Institute of Health Stroke Scale did not differ at time of presentation. Excellent outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0–1, at 3 months, was less common in stroke than in stroke mimics (50% vs 87.5%, p<0.0001). No stroke mimic had a symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage. Age of less than 40 years may be a predictor for a patient to be a stroke mimic (OR: 8.7, 95% CI: 3.2 to 24.0, p<0.0001).ConclusionsStroke mimics receiving IVT had a more favourable outcome compared with patients with stroke, and showed no haemorrhagic complications. Age below 40 years may be a predictor for stroke mimics.
In this paper, circumstances where various human activities and interests clash with the conservation of forest biodiversity are examined, with particular focus on the drivers behind the conflicts. ...After identifying past and current human-related threats potentially leading to conflicts in forests, the paper will focus on conflict management and monitoring, with an emphasis on inclusionary stakeholder networks and a range of approaches towards sustainable land use. Three dimensions of conflicts are examined: substance (‘how things are’), procedure (‘how things are done’), and relationships (‘how people behave’). These relations will relate to three conflict management approaches: (1) technical, which may contribute to reduce or solve the conflict acting on the ‘substance’ dimension, (2) political, which may influence the ‘procedure’ dimension of the conflict establishing principles or rules, and (3) cultural, which may affect the ‘relationship’ dimension of the conflict. Finally, a general model of adaptive conflict management emphasising communication among the parties and a participatory approach that involves monitoring of the conflict resolution outcomes is proposed. The recognition that strong perceptions among stakeholders have the potential to aggravate conflicts is central to the concept of a inclusionary conflict management framework, improved communication between all stakeholders, and better awareness of the context of the conflicts is emphasised.
In northern Sweden two field experiments with the reforestation techniques soil scarification, ploughing, burning and grass herbicidal treatment were performed. Small rodents were trapped regularly ...on the managed plots and their stomachs were examined microscopically for diet composition. Both bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus and field voles Microtus agrestis were common on the reforestation areas while only a small number of grey‐sided voles Clethrionomys rufocanus were taken. All three species underwent a population cycle during the studies. The management techniques generally resulted in small and irregular effects on the food selection. The most pronounced changes were lower intake of grasses by M. agrestis after herbicidal treatment and of filamentous tree lichens by C. glareolus after most treatments.
Both bank voles and field voles ate predominantly forbs in the summer half of the year, whereas the field voles took also a considerable amount of grass. As a complement to green vegetable‐matter bank voles ate berries and fungi in summer‐autumn and tree lichens at other times of the year, but seeds and animals food only in very small amounts. Ail three species consumed large quantities of dwarf‐shrubs in autumn and especially in winter. Considerable amounts of bark were eaten by field voles and a smaller proportion by bank voles in autumn‐winter.
Both for bank and field voles there were indications of worsening food conditions as the population cycle went on, There were, for example, an increase in grass and bark intake in field voles and a decrease in seeds and berries for the hank vole.
Nature conservation movements during the 20th century and their relations to various ecological research approaches are outlined. The background to the research programme 'Remnant habitats in ...production landscapes' is presented and study areas and their history are described. This research program was directed towards effects of various disturbances, including forest management and areal restrictions, on natural communities and species populations and this approach is well compatible with an emerging emphasis on conservation of ecosystems rather than of species. The future of such a new research paradigm in conservation biology is assessed and possible new research directions are discussed.
Winter reproduction was observed in Microtus agrestis (L.) and Apodemus sylvaticus (L.) in north-central Sweden. Fecund animals of these and other small rodent species were observed throughout the ...country in February-March 1973. The proportion of mature specimens varied widely in adjacent localities.
In northern Sweden two field experiments with the reforestation techniques soil scarification, ploughing, burning and grass herbicidal treatment were performed. Small rodents were trapped regularly ...on the managed plots and their stomachs were examined microscopically for diet composition. Both bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus and field voles Microtus agrestis were common on the reforestation areas while only a small number of grey-sided voles Clethrionomys rufocanus were taken. All three species underwent a population cycle during the studies. The management techniques generally resulted in small and irregular effects on the food selection. The most pronounced changes were lower intake of grasses by M. agrestis after herbicidal treatment and of filamentous tree lichens by C. glareolus after most treatments. Both bank voles and field voles ate predominantly forbs in the summer half of the year, whereas the field voles took also a considerable amount of grass. As a complement to green vegetable-matter bank voles ate berries and fungi in summer-autumn and tree lichens at other times of the year, but seeds and animals food only in very small amounts. All three species consumed large quantities of dwarf-shrubs in autumn and especially in winter. Considerable amounts of bark were eaten by field voles and a smaller proportion by bank voles in autumn-winter. Both for bank and field voles there were indications of worsening food conditions as the population cycle went on. There were, for example, an increase in grass and bark intake in field voles and a decrease in seeds and berries for the bank vole.
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