CAPTION(S): Table S1: Patients with reported thrombocytopenia post SARS/CoV-2 vaccination Byline: Eun-Ju Lee, Douglas B. Cines, Terry Gernsheimer, Craig Kessler, Marc Michel, Michael D. Tarantino, ...John W. Semple, Donald M. Arnold, Bertrand Godeau, Michele P. Lambert, James B. Bussel
Innovations in communication technology have changed the way news is produced and consumed. Various digital platforms, ranging from news websites to social media sites to personal blogs, have enabled ...news users to indicate how much they like the news they have read, to share it with others, and to leave comments. News users' mouse clicks are automatically recorded and aggregated by computational systems and made publicly visible (e.g., “Most Read Articles”). This essay reviews the ever‐growing research on how audience feedback online, a hybrid form of interpersonal and mass communication, alters various stages of news production and influences the way people select, process, and make sense of the news. Future research agendas are proposed.
This study investigated if user‐generated comments on Internet news sites affect readers' inferences about public opinion, and subsequently, their perceptions of media bias, and how ego‐involvement ...moderates such effects. Supporting the notion that hostile media perception (HMP) stems from defensive processing, those who read others' comments discordant (vs. concordant) with their own opinion believed that the public was against their position and perceived the news report to be more hostile and partial in its coverage, but such effects were limited to those with higher ego‐involvement. Readers' comments also had a direct effect on HMP among more involved individuals, without altering their perceptions of public opinion, suggesting that people might misattribute the opinions expressed in others' comments to the news article.
With the rampant increase of misinformation produced and distributed online at an alarming rate, it has become more imperative than ever to understand what makes people fall for misinformation. ...Drawing on the literature on persuasion, credibility of online information, and digital deception, we first review a list of factors associated with the source, message, channel, and receiver that may alter the extent to which people judge information as truthful and believable. Based on critical assessments of the gaps in the literature, suggestions are offered to shape future research agendas and develop an integrative conceptual framework.
Will consumers accept artificial intelligence (AI) as a medical care provider? On the basis of evolution theory, we investigate the implicit psychological mechanisms that underlie consumers’ ...interactions with medical AI and a human doctor. In a behavioral investigation (Study 1), consumers expressed a positive intention to use medical AI's healthcare services when it used personalized rather than mechanical conversation. However, neural investigation (Study 2) using functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that some consumers’ implicit attitudes toward medical AI differed from their expressed behavioral intentions. The brain areas linked with implicitly apathetic emotions were activated even when medical AI used a personalized conversation, whereas consumers’ brains were activated in areas associated with prosociality when they interacted with a human doctor who used a personalized conversation. On the basis of our neural evidence, consumers perceive an identical personalized conversation differently when it is offered by a medical AI versus a human doctor. These findings have implications for the area of human–AI interactions and medical decision‐making and suggest that replacing human doctors with medical AI is still an unrealistic proposition.
Pathophysiological background in different phenotypes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains to be elucidated. The aim was to investigate the association between fecal and blood ...microbiota profiles and the presence of NAFLD in obese versus lean subjects. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed in 268 health checkup examinees, whose fecal and blood samples were available for microbiota analysis. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography, and subjects with NAFLD were further categorized as obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥25) or lean (BMI <25). Fecal and blood microbiota communities were analyzed by sequencing of the V3-V4 domains of the 16S rRNA genes. Correlation between microbiota taxa and NAFLD was assessed using zero-inflated Gaussian mixture models, with adjustment of age, sex, and BMI, and Bonferroni correction. The NAFLD group (n = 76) showed a distinct bacterial community with a lower biodiversity and a far distant phylotype compared with the control group (n = 192). In the gut microbiota, the decrease in Desulfovibrionaceae was associated with NAFLD in the lean NAFLD group (log2 coefficient (coeff.) = -2.107, P = 1.60E-18), but not in the obese NAFLD group (log2 coeff. = 1.440, P = 1.36E-04). In the blood microbiota, Succinivibrionaceae showed opposite correlations in the lean (log2 coeff. = -1.349, P = 5.34E-06) and obese NAFLD groups (log2 coeff. = 2.215, P = 0.003). Notably, Leuconostocaceae was associated with the obese NAFLD in the gut (log2 coeff. = -1.168, P = 0.041) and blood (log2 coeff. = -2.250, P = 1.28E-10). In conclusion, fecal and blood microbiota profiles showed different patterns between subjects with obese and lean NAFLD, which might be potential biomarkers to discriminate diverse phenotypes of NAFLD.
Summary
About 50% of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients respond to rituximab induction, but most relapse. The effectiveness of rituximab maintenance remains untested. This study included ...autoimmune cytopenia patients who had previously responded to rituximab induction but subsequently relapsed. After re‐induction, patients received rituximab maintenance regimen consisting of a single 375 mg/m2 dose administered at 4 month intervals, with a maximum of 6 doses. Primary endpoints were duration of response and safety. Sixteen patients: ITP (9), autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (2), and Evans syndrome (5) received rituximab maintenance. 15/16 achieved complete response (CR); 8/15 CR + 1 partial reponse remain in remission. Median response: 43 months; estimated 5‐year relapse‐free >50%. Three developed hypogammaglobulinemia. Rituximab maintenance led to prolonged remissions in patients with autoimmune cytopenias who had previously responded to rituximab induction.
Consumers often have positive attitudes about green marketing, yet their fashion purchases are not linked to sustainability, revealing an unbalanced psychological state. Based on balance theory, we ...explain how environmental priming can increase consumer preferences for fashion products with green logos. Using fMRI, we identify the neural representation of the green logo effect as significant activations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Prior exposure to environmental priming messages increased brain activations in the superior parietal lobule (SPL) and the bilateral lingual gyri (LG) during green-related communication, reflecting brain processes of relational reasoning and leading to increased preference for fashion products that bear a green logo. We discuss managerial implications related to the effectiveness of “nudge” communication techniques in setting up the tone for sustainable fashion marketing.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, yet little is known about how consumers experience medical AI and make decisions about using these providers for follow‐up care. We take an ...interdisciplinary approach that combines behavioral and neuroimaging experiments to determine how anthropomorphism and personalization influence consumers' well‐being and their decisions about a provider for follow‐up care. Study 1 finds that, regardless of the type of medical provider used, consumers are likely to experience a heightened sense of well‐being after a highly personalized medical consultation. However, regardless of whether the first interaction is highly personalized or not, they prefer follow‐up visits with a human doctor, as mediated through empathy. Study 2 finds that, regardless of the type of medical provider used, the anterior cingulate cortex shows greater activation in a highly (vs. low) personalized interaction, the activation of which is also correlated with consumers' willingness to revisit that provider. Furthermore, the temporal occipital fusiform cortex shows greater activation in consultations with a human doctor (vs. medical AI), regardless of the interaction's level of personalization. The level of activation is also correlated with consumers' willingness to revisit with the initial provider. The findings suggest that medical AI cannot currently replace human doctors and that human doctors remain consumers' choice for medical consultations and treatment.
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