On the 25th anniversary of the signature of the 'Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters', this article ...explores the neglect and suspicion of its values in the new foundations of English environmental law, the otherwise sometimes admirable 'Environment Act' 2021. Examining the journey into the 'Environment Act', its provisions on consultation, and processes around its implementation, the author concludes that the arrangements for participation are flawed along at least four parameters: general quality and orderliness; information and evidence; inclusion; and impact. An exploration of the Act highlights the importance and the limitations of legally protecting rights to participate in environmental decision-making. The neglect of or hostility towards participation that is apparent from this analysis is, sometimes explicitly, part of a broader suspicion of legally constrained decision-making processes, and presents concerns to scholars and practitioners beyond environmental law.
Planning is at the heart of the response to many of the significant challenges of our time, from the climate and environmental crises to social and economic inequalities. It is embedded in, as well ...as partially constituting, our democratic systems, so that the challenges of democratic decision-making in a complex society cannot be avoided when thinking about planning. Planning law raises some of the most fundamental questions faced by legal scholars, from the legitimacy of authority to the relationship between public and private rights and interests. And yet, planning law has been relatively neglected by legal scholars. The objective of Taking English Planning Law Scholarship Seriously is to create space for planning law scholarship in all of its variety, and for curiosity about law in all of its complexity. The chapters reflect this diversity and complexity, covering a range of the objects of planning (from housing to energy to highways) and a multiplicity of planning tasks and tools (from compulsory purchase to contracting to planning inquiries).
Managing the health effects of climate change Costello, Anthony, Prof; Abbas, Mustafa; Allen, Adriana, PhD ...
The Lancet (British edition),
05/2009, Volume:
373, Issue:
9676
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
... policies must be adopted to reduce carbon emissions and to increase carbon biosequestration, and thereby slow down global warming and eventually stabilise temperatures. ... appropriate public ...health systems should be put into place to deal with adverse outcomes.
Environmental Groups and Legal Expertise explores the
use and understanding of law and legal expertise by
environmental groups. Rather than the usual focus on the court
room, it scrutinises ...environmental NGO advocacy during the
extraordinarily dramatic Brexit process, from the referendum on
leaving the EU in June 2016 to the debate around the new
Environment Bill in the first half of 2020. There is generally a
weak understanding of both the complexity and the potential of
legal expertise in the environmental NGO community. Legal expertise
can be more than a tool for campaigners, and more than litigation:
it provides distinctive ways of both seeing the world and changing
the world. The available legal resource in the sector is not just a
practical limit on what can be done, but spills into the
very understanding of what should be done, and what
resource is needed. Mutually reinforcing links between capacity,
understanding, culture and investment affect legal expertise across
the board. There are, however, pockets of sophisticated legal
expertise in the community, and legal expertise was heavily and
often effectively used in the anomalously law-heavy
Brexit-environment debate. The ability to call on thinly spread
legal expertise in a crisis was in part due to effective NGO
collaboration around Brexit-environment.
Visualizing the entire domain of knowledge and tracking the latest developments of an important discipline are challenging tasks for researchers. This study builds an intellectual structure by ...examining a total of 10,974 publications in the knowledge management (KM) field from 1995 to 2010. Document co-citation analysis, pathfinder network and strategic diagram techniques are applied to provide a dynamic view of the evolution of knowledge management research trends. This study provides a systematic and objective means in exploring the development of the KM discipline. This paper not only drew its finding from a large data set but also presented a longitudinal analysis of the development of the KM related studies. The results of this study reflect that the coverage of key KM papers has expanded into a broad spectrum of disciplines. A discussion of the future of KM research is also provided.
•This study examines the usage by combining marketing and IS perspectives through an empirical survey of Facebook users.•Trust holds the correlation with the sharing/pooling of resources by ...users.•Experiential value is found to be the most significant.•Examine comprehensive results about the perceived community value.
With the growing popularity of social networking services (SNSs) such as Facebook, it has raised important interests about the perceived value implications of such usage. This study examines the usage by combining marketing and IS perspectives through an empirical survey of Facebook users. It was hypothesized that perceived value would be a key multidimensional determinant of behavioral intentions in SNSs. The study holds that the facets of social capital—social interaction ties, trust, and shared vision—and social network information sharing can create a perceived value (i.e., social, experiential, information, and transaction) in SNSs. Analyses conducted on results from a survey of university students (n=402) suggest that trust, an element of the relational cluster, holds the strongest correlation with the sharing and pooling of resources by users over Facebook. Experiential value is found to be most significant, indicating that the interactions between users on Facebook occur mostly to fulfill a psychological need, such as sharing the useful information and receiving enthusiastic replies or praise. In addition, thanks to the emerging development of F-commerce, transaction value is positively affected.
The paper offers insights into the acceptability of ethical issues in poultry production and how this situation provides an opportunity to transform the prevailing system into a more sustainable one. ...The survey among German consumers reveals that killing day-old chicks is a well-known practice and is rated as “very problematic”. In contrast, dual-purpose chickens are mostly unknown but are considered a positive alternative to killing day-old chicks (after the concept has been explained). Consumer clusters were identified regarding purchasing criteria for dual-purpose chickens, purchasing routines and socio-economic factors. Three of the five clusters—the perfectionists, idealists, and realists—turned out to be potential buyers. To develop a suitable marketing strategy, it is recommended that the added value of dual-purpose chickens be comprehensibly communicated. From a multi-level perspective, rearing dual-purpose chickens has a competitive disadvantage compared to system-compliant alternatives (in-ovo sexing, “lay hen brothers”). Through increasing external pressure, the different alternatives can jointly contribute to a regime shift.
•We analysis and review of 3591 digital creativity related publications.•Twenty leading research themes and a digital-creativity research framework are identified.•Central, popular and peripheral ...studies in digital creativity research are also indicated.•A discussion of the future of digital creativity research is also provided.
Digital creativity is defined as the creativity manifested in all forms that are driven by digital technologies. Due to its novelty and interdisciplinary nature, the scope, perspective, and main research themes of digital creativity study are still unclear to date. Therefore, we utilized the intellectual structure technique developed by the information scientist to help clarify the scope and themes of this research domain. We analyzed 3591 relevant literatures and tentatively identified major research themes to facilitate the comprehension and study of digital creativity. The resulting framework summarizes the progress in digital creativity research and provides future research directions.
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of using optimized parameters obtained by computer simulation for ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of ...uterine adenomyosis in comparison with conventional parameters. We retrospectively assessed a single-institution, prospective study that was registered at Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS) of Republic of Korea (KCT0003586). Sixty-six female participants (median age: 44 years) with focal uterine adenomyosis were prospectively enrolled. All participants were treated with a HIFU system by using treatment parameters either for treating uterine fibroids (Group A, first 20 participants) or obtained via computer simulation (Group B, later 46 participants). To assess the treatment efficacy of HIFU, qualitative indices, including the clinically effective dysmenorrhea improvement index (DII), were evaluated up to 3 years after treatment, whereas quantitative indices, such as the nonperfused volume ratio and adenomyosis volume shrinkage ratio (AVSR), on MRI were evaluated up to 3 months after treatment. Quantitative/qualitative indices were compared between Groups A and B by using generalized linear mixed effect model. A safety assessment was also performed. Results showed that clinically effective DII was more frequently observed in Group B than in Group A (odds ratio, 3.69; P = 0.025), and AVSR were higher in Group B than in Group A (least-squares means, 21.61; P = 0.001). However, two participants in Group B developed skin burns at the buttock and sciatic nerve pain and required treatment. In conclusion, parameters obtained by computer simulation were more effective than the conventional parameters for treating uterine adenomyosis by using HIFU in terms of clinically effective DII and AVSR. However, care should be taken because of the risk of adverse events.
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