Government actors, public agencies, industry and academics have struggled to change the rules of the existing business ecosystem to support the networked practices that were envisioned back in the ...1980s with the introduction of building information modelling (BIM). Despite the industry's far-reaching technological capabilities, BIM has primarily assumed productivity improvement by individual firms, which has not lead to a systemic change in the Finnish architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) business ecosystem. A field study of the Finnish AEC industry has resulted in a critical understanding of why successful and intensive R&D at a national level and wide adoption of BIM technology in Finland has not led to the expected systemic evolution of its AEC business ecosystem. Additionally, a methodology based on inductive grounded theory and historical analysis has been used to capture and identify the evolving and dynamic relationships between various events and actors between 1965 and 2015, which, in turn, has aided in the identification and characterisation of the knowledge and innovation ecosystems. The research findings provide insights for BIM researchers and governments in terms of establishing new policies that will better align BIM adoption with the systemic evolution of business practices in the AEC business ecosystem.
Drawing on ideas from identity control theory and coping theory and on a diverse range of social psychology literature, we propose an integrative theoretical framework that unpacks and traces the ...processes by which information technology comes to affect users’ identity. We define four types of strategies (acting on the situation, adjusting the self, cathartic practices and distancing) through which people cope with technological challenges to the self. We suggest that these strategies may lead to four individual-level outcomes, namely reinforced identity, redefined identity, ambivalent identity and anti-identity. The model is provided with a preliminary support through reference to real life situations, carefully selected from extant empirical IS enquiries.
This paper addresses the following question: does mobility restriction enhance the appropriability of R&D investments? And if so, how does this occur? We propose that mobility restriction mechanisms ...affect appropriability through their impact on secrecy and lead time. We test mediation hypotheses in a sample of biotechnology firms and discuss the implications for intellectual property protection strategies and human resource management.
Although secrecy is argued to play an important role in intellectual asset protection, the evidence suggests that the use of secrecy varies significantly across countries. This study contributes to ...the literature on intellectual property management in R&D firms by investigating aspects of the institutional environment that are most liable to promote managerial use of secrecy. Hypotheses were tested in a sample of 297 R&D biotechnology SMEs operating in 19 countries. Results suggest that the attributes of the institutional environment explain managerial use of secrecy.
The objective of this article is to understand the extent to which location in a geographic cluster can explain international alliance formation. Geographic clusters are characterized by several ...dimensions: agglomeration economies, institutional forces and a manager’s mental models create the environment within the cluster. Therefore, to develop the research propositions, which were tested on a sample of US biotechnology start-ups, the study specifically analysed cluster size and firm competitive behaviour within the cluster to explain the propensity of a start-up to engage in new international alliances. It also examined the potential moderating effect of cluster evolution. Results show that merely being located in a geographic cluster in itself does not increase the probability of forming a new international alliance. Within clusters, internationalization of start-ups through alliance formation results mainly from mimetic behaviour.
In this paper, an attempt is made to provide a clearer understanding of the motives that lead firms to share intellectual property rights in their innovative efforts, through joint patents in R&D ...alliances. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 116 biotechnology R&D alliances, and explain variation in joint patenting activities. Our results show that the characteristics of the resources held by the firms, and the ex-ante allocation of control rights, can influence joint patenting activity. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Over an extended period during the 1990s, using long interviews with the top management of five banks and secondary data, we studied the transformation of Canadian banks. We observed how the Canadian ...banks have changed to take full advantage of the increased technological potential for developing and exchanging information. The failure of the “pure players” has shown that the information advantages of the Internet are not sufficient to lead to sustainable competitive advantage. Existing financial institutions can make better use of that same information flow by combining it with organizational changes that make the new information more strategically valuable. By aligning information technology and the hard elements of their organizational architecture with soft elements like reputation, cooperation, and information sharing, traditional banks have developed powerful advantages in the 1990s.
Résumé
Dans les années 90, nous avons utilisé des données secondaires et les longues entrevues que nous avons eues avec les hauts responsables de cinq banques pour étudier les mutations du paysage bancaire canadien. Nous nous sommes intéressé à la façon dont les banques canadiennes se sont restructurées pour pouvoir tirer le maximum d'avantages des potentialités croissantes des technologies de l'information. L'échec relatif des banques virtuelles a démontré que les avantages informationnels basés sur le réseau Internet ne suffisent pas pour donner lieu à des avantages concurrentiels durables. Las banques traditionnelles peuvent parvenir à faire un meilleur usage des mêmes flux informationnels en les combinant à des changements organisationnels qui rendent la nouvelle information plus stratégiquenient valable. En accommodant les technologies de l'information et les composantes permanentes (hard elements) de leur architecture organisationnelle avec les composantes fluctuantes (soft elements) telles que la réputation, la coopération, et la diffusion des informations, les banques traditionnelles se sont créé de puissants avantages stratégiques au cours des années 90.
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