Situé au carrefour du réel et de l'imaginaire, l'Autre constitue l'une des créatures intermédiaires les plus attrayantes pour le spectacle. Qu'il provienne des terres lointaines, des marges, des ...zones obscures de l'imagination ou de l'intimité, il structure les mythes fondateurs des sociétés et traverse leurs systèmes de représentation. De la Révolution française à la Première Guerre mondiale, de nouveaux dispositifs de construction de l'altérité se mettent en place, qui tout à la fois isolent, réprouvent, célèbrent et dénient l'altérité. Voici l'Autre en spectacle – dans les foires, les cirques, le vaudeville, le drame, le ballet, l'opéra, les Expositions universelles, le cabaret, le cinéma. Mais qui est-il ? Qui le regarde ? À quelles projections de soi face à l'Autre le spectateur est-il convié et à travers quels jeux d'illusions ? L'ouvrage interroge le sauvage et ses avatars, l'étranger, l'autre qui-nous-ressemble un peu, presque, tout à fait, et étudie les matériaux, transferts et médiations de ces figures d'altérité, dont beaucoup sont encore opératoires aujourd'hui.
The in situ cometary dust particle instrument COSIMA (COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser) onboard ESA's Rosetta mission has collected about 31 000 dust particles in the inner coma of comet ...67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko since August 2014. The particles are identified by optical microscope imaging and analysed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. After dust particle collection by low speed impact on metal targets, the collected particle morphology points towards four families of cometary dust particles. COSIMA is an in situ laboratory that operates remotely controlled next to the comet nucleus. The particles can be further manipulated within the instrument by mechanical and electrostatic means after their collection by impact. The particles are stored above 0°C in the instrument and the experiments are carried out on the refractory, ice-free matter of the captured cometary dust particles. An interesting particle morphology class, the compact particles, is not fragmented on impact. One of these particles was mechanically pressed and thereby crushed into large fragments. The particles are good electrical insulators and transform into rubble pile agglomerates by the application of an energetic indium ion beam during the secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. This article is part of the themed issue 'Cometary science after Rosetta'.
Tout au long du XXe siècle, et notamment depuis les deux guerres mondiales, la question du traumatisme est devenue objet de réflexion et de discours, objet d'art pourrait-on ajouter, ou du moins ...source de création. Les artistes contemporains, tous champs confondus, la mettent au centre de leurs recherches et de leurs œuvres, inlassablement. Leur acte est une tentative de transformer un réel insupportable en expérience à partager ou à transmettre. Les écritures contemporaines du traumatisme s'inscrivent dans une quête difficile, questionnant l'idée d'une « évolution » continue, d'un progrès de l'espèce humaine, car la barbarie régulièrement fait retour provoquant un effet de choc inassimilable. De ce traumatisme prenant des formes différentes mais pouvant se lire comme des répétitions de l'histoire, qu'est-ce qui peut se transmettre ? L'acte artistique, l'écriture théâtrale ont-ils un pouvoir, et lequel ? L'ouvrage montre la diversité des réponses et des approches. La première partie « De l'écriture théâtrale du traumatisme à une esthétique de la résistance » est consacrée à Charlotte Delbo, qui a choisi de faire œuvre littéraire en réponse à la barbarie. La deuxième, « La barbarie : avenir de l'humanité ? Une esthétique du cri ou du silence ? », étudie la problématique de l'écriture théâtrale du traumatisme à partir du répertoire international, de manière transhistorique et transdisciplinaire, en privilégiant les expériences et écritures de femmes. Pour aborder ces questions, le projet de cet ouvrage a été de solliciter, non seulement des chercheurs en études théâtrales, langue ou ethnologie mais aussi des chercheurs orientés par la psychanalyse dont on connaît la relation étroite avec le théâtre.
Les sciences de la Terre et de l’Univers (STU) constituent un champ de savoirs et de pratiques qui s’enracinent dans l’histoire naturelle. En se centrant sur des objets spécifiques ou/et en ...mobilisant des techniques différentes, elles se sont développées, se diversifiant en de nombreuses disciplines. Dans leurs évolutions actuelles, dans la recherche et l’enseignement, elles sont de plus en plus associées à d’autres domaines scientifiques et engagées dans le traitement de problèmes interdisciplinaires. En quoi l’enseignement des STU peut-il être source de recherches pour les didactiques des sciences ? La question est d’autant plus nécessaire que les travaux qui s’y rapportent sont peu nombreux et pour certains déjà anciens. Les contributions de la partie thématique de ce numéro de RDST, principalement centrées sur la géologie, font ressortir quelques caractéristiques marquantes des STU : leur tension entre sciences fonctionnalistes et sciences historiques ; leurs façons de construire la « réalité » en s’appuyant sur différents types de temporalité et présupposés ; leurs relations avec d’autres disciplines. Elles aident à cerner le fonctionnement intellectuel des élèves (rapport à l’analogie, causalités mobilisées) et des enseignants (choix préalables et en situation), leur gestualité, dans des situations ordinaires ou forcées. Elles invitent à explorer des questions didactiques en rapport avec les caractéristiques épistémologiques des STU, notamment leur dimension historique. Earth and Universe sciences (EUS) constitute a field of knowledge and practices rooted in natural history. By focusing on specific objects or/and mobilizing different technics, they have grown by diversifying into many disciplines. In their current developments, as disciplines of research and of teaching, they are increasingly combined with other scientific fields and engaged in the treatment of interdisciplinary issues. In what can the teaching and learning of the EUS be source of research for the didactics of the sciences? The issue is all the more necessary since the studies which relate to this science education field are few and for certain already ancient. The contributions of the thematic section of this issue of RDST, mainly focused on the teaching and learning of geology, highlight some salient features of the EUS : the tension between functionalist and historical sciences ; the ways they construct the "reality" resting on different types of temporality and presuppositions; their relationships with other disciplines. They help in identifying and explaining the intellectual functioning of students (their relationships to the analogy, the causalities they used) and teachers (their preliminary choices of teaching and their choices in situation), their gestures, in ordinary or forced situations. They invite to explore didactic questions related to the epistemological characteristics of the EUS, in particular their historical dimension.
It is with enthusiasm that we present this special issue of Stream devoted to the student conference proceedings from the 2017 Canadian Communication Association annual meeting during the Congress ...for Social Science and Humanities held at Ryerson University. As current graduate students, we understand and appreciate the challenges that graduate students face and having a medium like the annual CCA-ACC conference provides the kind of professionalization that graduate students need to continue a career as academics.
The effects of two selective CCK(B) agonists, BC 264 and BC 197, on memory processes were investigated in rats using a recently developed two-trial recognition memory task. Control animals showed ...recognition memory after a 2 but not a 6 h time interval between the two trials, thus allowing a memory impairing (2 h) or improving (6 h) effect of pharmacological treatments to be measured. Drugs were injected i.p. before the second trial (retrieval phase). This experimental procedure was first studied with scopolamine and DL-amphetamine, for which a significant deficit after a 2 h interval or improvement after a 6 h interval of performance was observed, respectively. The CCK(B) agonist, BC 264, was ineffective after a 2 h time interval, whereas the dose of 0.3 microg/kg significantly enhanced performance after a 6 h inter-trial interval. In contrast, BC 197 (30 microg/kg) produced a significant disruption of performance after a 2 h inter-trial interval but was without effect after a 6 h time interval. The effects of the two CCK(B) agonists were abolished by pretreatment with a selective CCK(B) antagonist, L365,260 but not by a selective CCK(A) antagonist, L364,718. The present results suggest that CCK(B) receptors display functional heterogeneity and that CCK(B) agonists like BC 264 could offer a new perspective for the treatment of attentional and/or memory deficits.
Objective: To update the 2010 CNGOF clinical practice guidelines for the first-line management of infertile couples.Materials and methods: Five major themes (first-line assessment of the infertile ...woman, first-line assessment of the infertile man, prevention of exposure to environmental factors, initial management using ovulation induction regimens, first-line reproductive surgery) were identified, enabling 28 questions to be formulated using the Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) format. Each question was addressed by a working group that had carried out a systematic review of the literature since 2010, and followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE®) methodology to assess the quality of the scientific data on which the recommendations were based. These recommendations were then validated during a national review by 40 national experts.Results: The fertility work-up is recommended to be prescribed according to the woman's age: after one year of infertility before the age of 35 and after 6months after the age of 35. A couple's initial infertility work-up includes a single 3D ultrasound scan with antral follicle count, assessment of tubal permeability by hysterography or HyFOSy, anti-Mullerian hormone assay prior to assisted reproduction, and vaginal swabbing for vaginosis. If the 3D ultrasound is normal, hysterosonography and diagnostic hysteroscopy are not recommended as first-line procedures. Chlamydia trachomatis serology does not have the necessary performance to predict tubal patency. Post-coital testing is no longer recommended. In men, spermogram, spermocytogram and spermoculture are recommended as first-line tests. If the spermogram is normal, it is not recommended to check the spermogram. If the spermogram is abnormal, an examination by an andrologist, an ultrasound scan of the testicles and hormonal test are recommended. Based on the data in the literature, we are unable to recommend a BMI threshold for women that would contraindicate medical management of infertility. A well-balanced Mediterranean-style diet, physical activity and the cessation of smoking and cannabis are recommended for infertile couples. For fertility concern, it is recommended to limit alcohol consumption to less than 5 glasses a week. If the infertility work-up reveals no abnormalities, ovulation induction is not recommended for normo-ovulatory women. If intrauterine insemination is indicated based on an abnormal infertility work-up, gonadotropin stimulation and ovulation monitoring are recommended to avoid multiple pregnancies. If the infertility work-up reveals no abnormality, laparoscopy is probably recommended before the age of 30 to increase natural pregnancy rates. In the case of hydrosalpinx, surgical management is recommended prior to ART, with either salpingotomy or salpingectomy depending on the tubal score. It is recommended to operate on polyps>10mm, myomas 0, 1, 2 and synechiae prior to ART. The data in the literature do not allow us to systematically recommend asymptomatic uterine septa and isthmoceles as first-line surgery.Conclusion: Based on strong agreement between experts, we have been able to formulate updated recommendations in 28 areas concerning the initial management of infertile couples.
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