Manufacturing enterprises accumulate numerous manufacturing instances as they run and develop. Being able to excavate and apply the instance resources reasonably is one of the most effective ...approaches to improve manufacturing and support innovation. A novel framework for the discovery and reuse of typical process routes driven by symbolic entropy and intelligent optimisation algorithm so as to scientifically determine reuse objects and raise the reuse flexibility is proposed in this paper. A similarity measurement method of machining process routes based on symbolic entropy is developed in this framework. Subsequently, a typical process route discovery method based on the ant colony clustering model and similarity measurement is devised, and two reuse approaches based on the typical process route are analysed. Finally, three case studies are rendered. These case studies cover the aspects of similarity analysis, mining, and reuse of manufacturing instances, which systematically explains the whole procedure of discovery and reuse based on typical process route. The case studies show that (i) the similarity measurement method based on symbolic entropy can accurately evaluate the similarity among ten machining process routes, (ii) ant colony clustering model can realize adaptive clustering for these ten process routes, and (iii) indirect reuse approach for the typical process route can support the generation of new machining plan effectively. This reveal that the proposed framework comprehensively considers various aspects of retrieval and reuse of manufacturing instances, which can effectively support process instance reuse. Can better support process instance reuse.
A large number of manufacturing cases are accumulated by manufacturing enterprises in the process of operation and development, and therefore, one of the most effective ways to improve manufacturing ...efficiency and support innovation is to reuse these case resources reasonably. In reality, the first problem to be solved is to determine the case resources with high reuse value potential, so as to realize the high-value reuse of manufacturing case resources. With the purpose of scientific determination of the reuse objects and improvement of the reuse flexibility, a typical process route mining method based on multilevel longest common subsequence (LCS) information entropy and intelligent clustering model is proposed in this paper. First, a similarity calculation method of machining process route based on multilevel (LCS) information entropy is proposed, which can more comprehensively and accurately evaluate the similarity of machining process. On this basis, a process route clustering model based on spectral clustering idea and particle swarm optimization-Kmeans clustering algorithm is proposed, which realizes the clustering of process routes as per the similarity; in the end, the typical and representative process routes in each cluster are extracted, and the typical process routes are mined for reuse. In the end, it shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively mine high-value process reuse objects and then can further support manufacturing case reuse through three verification cases.
Since the introduction of the Kolmogorov complexity of binary sequences in the 1960s, there have been significant advancements on the topic of complexity measures for randomness assessment, which are ...of fundamental importance in theoretical computer science and of practical interest in cryptography. This survey reviews notable research from the past four decades on the linear, quadratic and maximum-order complexities of pseudo-random sequences, and their relations with Lempel–Ziv complexity, expansion complexity, 2-adic complexity and correlation measures.
The sensitivity of conventional thin‐film OFET‐based sensors is limited by the diffusion of analytes through bulk films and remains the central challenge in sensing technology. Now, for the first ...time, an ultrasensitive (sub‐ppb level) sensor is reported that exploits n‐type monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) with porous two‐dimensional structures. Thanks to monolayer crystal structure of NDI3HU‐DTYM2 (NDI) and controlled formation of porous structure, a world‐record detection limit of NH3 (0.1 ppb) was achieved. Moreover, the MMC‐OFETs also enabled direct detection of solid analytes of biological amine derivatives, such as dopamine at an extremely low concentration of 500 ppb. The remarkably improved sensing performances of MMC‐OFETs opens up the possibility of engineering OFETs for ultrasensitive (bio)chemical sensing.
MMCs make sense: Two‐dimensional porous and nonporous monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) of NDI3HU‐DTYM2 (NDI) were controllably synthesized by drop‐casting on different substrates. Both MMC sensors based on organic field‐effect transistors show high‐sensitivity performance to NH3 vapor. The porous MMC showed relative sensitivity of 72 % upon exposure to 0.1 ppb NH3, while the fluorescent intensity decreased by 40.9 % when exposed to 10 ppb NH3.
In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused by antibiotic abuse in the medical industry have become a new environmental pollutant that endangers public health. Therefore, it is necessary to ...establish a detection method for evaluating drug-resistant bacteria. In this work, we used
Escherichia coli
as a target model and proposed a method to evaluate its drug resistance for three antibiotics. Graphene dispersion was used to co-mix with
E. coli
cells for the purpose of increasing the current signal. This electrochemical-based sensor allows the evaluation of the activity of
E. coli
on the electrode surface. When antibiotics were present, the electrocatalytic reduction signal was diminished because of the reduced activity of
E. coli
. Based on the difference in the electrochemical reduction signal, we can evaluate the antibiotic resistance of different
E. coli
strains.
Zein is a class of alcohol-soluble prolamine proteins present in maize endosperm, which was approved as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipient in 1985 by the United States Food and Drug ...Administration (US-FDA) for film coating of pharmaceuticals, e.g., tablets. Despite its long-term application in tablet production, effects of zein coating on tablet properties are still not fully understood. Moreover, many studies have also been conducted to illustrate its potential as an active ingredient of direct compressed tablets and film-based delivery carriers. In addition, the use of zein as a functional film coating material for new biomedical applications was also widely investigated in recent reports, which involved medical devices, nanoparticles, quantum dots and nanofibers. In this review, the present status of zein in the form of a thin film and uniform layer for use as a biomedical material is discussed. In addition, studies related to the behaviors and properties of zein films are also summarized and analyzed based on published works to gain mechanistic insights into the relationship between zein film and various improved profiles. This review will benefit future prospects of the use of zein film in drug delivery and biomedical applications.
Schematic presentation of usages developed from zein film and uniform layer for drug delivery and biomedical application. Display omitted
Classes, size range of zein-based particles/capsules fabricated using various methods and their biomedical applications.
Display omitted
Nano/micro-carrier systems have shown promising application in ...the biomedical field as various delivery carriers. The composite material and fabrication method determine their microstructures, properties and thus their potential applications. Since approved as tablet coating material by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA), zein has been widely investigated as one of protein-based materials in the past few decades. Zein is renewable, biodegradable and relatively inexpensive in comparison with animal proteins (e.g., gelatin and albumin). This paper reviews the current landscape of zein-based nano/micro-carrier systems, with particular emphasis on nano/microparticles, nano/microcapsules and their design, fabrication, assembly mechanisms and biomedical applications especially for controlled drug delivery. The benefits, challenges and related solutions of zein-based colloidal carrier systems are also discussed. In addition, investigations on the molecular structure, biocompatibility and immunogenicity of zein are summarized and discussed.
Abstract Background The anti-aging protein Klotho has diverse functions in antioxidative stress and energy metabolism through several pathways. While it has been reported that α-Klotho is ...downregulated in patients with insulin resistance (IR), the association between Klotho and IR is complex and controversial. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has provided a practical method for assessing IR. With this in mind, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and soluble α-Klotho protein levels in US populations, both with and without diabetes mellitus. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed data from middle-aged and older participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2007 and 2016. The participants were divided into two groups based on their diabetes mellitus status: those with diabetes and those without diabetes. To evaluate the relationship between the TyG index and the concentration of the α-Klotho protein in each group, a series of survey-weighted multivariable linear regression models were employed. Furthermore, to examine the association between these two variables, multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline curves and subgroup analysis were generated. Results The study involved 6,439 adults aged 40 years or older, with a mean age of 57.8 ± 10.9 years. Among them, 1577 (24.5%) had diabetes mellitus. A subgroup analysis indicated that the presence of diabetes significantly affected the relationship between the TyG index and the α-Klotho level. After considering all covariables, regression analysis of the participants without diabetes revealed that the α-Klotho concentration decreased by 32.35 pg/ml (95% CI: -50.07, -14.64) with each one unit increase in TyG ( p < 0.001). The decline in α-Klotho levels with elevated TyG was more pronounced in the female population. In patients with diabetes mellitus, a non-linear association between the TyG index and α-Klotho was observed. There was no significant correlation observed between the two when TyG index were below 9.7. However, there was an increase in klotho levels of 106.44 pg/ml for each unit increase in TyG index above 9.7 (95% CI: 28.13, 184.74) ( p = 0.008). Conclusion Our findings suggested that the presence of diabetes may influence the relationship between the TyG index and soluble α-Klotho. Furthermore, there seem to be sex differences in individuals without diabetes. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings.
Fatty acid metabolism is closely linked to the progression of gastric cancer (GC), a very aggressive and life-threatening tumor. This study examines linked molecules, such as Sterol Regulatory ...Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP1), ATP Citrate Lyase (ACLY), Acetyl-CoA Synthases (ACSs), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1), CD36, Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABPs), and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), as well as their latest studies and findings in gastric cancer to unveil its core mechanism. The major enzymes of fatty acid de novo synthesis are ACLY, ACSs, ACC, FASN, and SCD1, while SREBP1 is the upstream molecule of fatty acid anabolism. Fatty acid absorption is mediated by CD36 and FABPs, and fatty acid catabolism is mediated by CPT1. If at all possible, we will discover novel links between fatty acid metabolism and a prospective gastric cancer target.
Integrating pig production stability and pollution control is a matter of social livelihood and green development. This paper estimates the policy effectiveness of environmental regulation based on ...the big data of Chinese government websites and combines the pig production data of various provinces in China from 2008 to 2018 to construct a mediating effect model, empirically analyzing the relationship between environmental regulations, herd structure, and pig production. Research shows: (1) Improving environmental regulations in the short term will increase the slaughter of pigs, but in the long run it will decrease first and then increase; (2) At this stage, environmental regulations can increase the slaughter of pigs by changing the herd structure; (3) Reasonable adjustment of the herd structure can effectively increase the slaughter of pigs; (4) The herd structure can be used as a supplementary monitoring indicator to stabilize the supply of pigs. Combine it with the change rate of sow stock to provide early warning of fluctuations in pig production, and the early warning herd structure values are 0.0980 and 0.1135. There are two key initiatives to achieve supply and price stability in the pig industry that taking into account environmental protection: first, an industrial regulation instrument based on the herd structure needs to be established; second, an early warning system for pig production fluctuations should be established with reference to the early warning system for pork price fluctuations.
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