•Mg0.01V2O5 films were prepared by low temperature liquid phase deposition.•The films on ITO substrates are easy to figure out the ion de/insertion mechanism.•The generated new phase during cycling ...has a pinning effect to stabilize films.•Different diffusion rates cause lattice distortion and diffraction peak splitting.•The advantages of morphology and crystallinity make films have good properties.
The development of viable high-capacity cathode materials is still a challenge for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, Mg0.01V2O5 films with an interesting dendritic structure were grown in-situ on indium-tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass by a low temperature liquid phase deposition. The results exhibited the morphologies and properties of film electrodes were greatly affected by different annealing temperature. Among them, the Mg0.01V2O5 film electrode annealed at 450 °C showed the best electrochemical performance. It provided a high-capacity of 164.7 mA h m−2, and 141.2 mA h m−2 after 100 cycles that capacity retention of 85.7% at 176 mA m−2 in the LIB system. In addition, good cycling stability and rate performance were also impressive. The mechanism of Li+ insertion and extraction in the film electrode Mg0.01V2O5 was investigated by analyzing the phase evolution, lattice deformation, and elementary composition and valence of the film electrode after enduring electrochemical cycles. The insertion of Li+ in the interlayer allowed the creation of a new phase and the different diffusion rate of Li+ in the (010) crystal plane of the main phase, which caused the splitting behavior of the X‑ray diffraction peaks of this crystal plane. Encouragingly, it was the new phase produced during the cycle that worked with the principal phase, improving the diffusion kinetics and enhancing the electrochemical properties of LIBs. This work may provide a promising strategy to improve performance for LIBs.
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•Ca-doped NaV6O15 films were synthesized by a liquid-phase deposition method.•The films without additional media and are convenient for mechanistic research.•The doped Ca2+ obviously ...improved electrochemical performance.•The capacity retention reached to 84.72% at 0.5C rate after 100 cycles.•Excellent cyclic ability was attributed to doped Ca2+ that stabilize the structure.
The Ca-doped NaV6O15 films have been prepared on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) conductive glasses using a low-temperature liquid-phase deposition method. The crystal structure, morphology, and structural information of the Ca-doped NaV6O15 films were systematically studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Ca-doped NaV6O15 had a lower ratio of V5+/V4+, which was the compensation for doped Ca2+. Electrochemical properties of films were measured by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The results proved the doped Ca2+ obviously improved electrochemical performance, which exhibited quicker diffusion process, higher specific capacity, and longer lifespan. The Ca-doped NaV6O15 films showed a high discharge capacity of 237.476 mA h m−2 at 1C rate, which was larger than 96.719 mA h m−2 of the pure NaV6O15 films. The capacity retention reached to 84.72 % at 0.5C rate after 100 cycles, the excellent cyclic ability was attributed to the doped Ca2+ with strong electronegativity stabilizing the structure. This work presents a great potential approach that explores high-performance cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.
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•An intermediary route is introduced to construct hierarchical CdS/Bi2S3 heterostructures.•CdS/Bi2S3 architecture is comprised of 0D CdS nanoparticles rested on 3D Bi2S3 flower-like ...microspheres.•CdS/Bi2S3 hybrids exhibit greatly enhanced photocatalytic H2-evolution and dye degradation.•The S-scheme charge transfer pathway is proposed based on the control tests and band structures.
The binary CdS/Bi2S3 heterostructures were fabricated by employing ZnO/Bi2S3 as active intermediates for the first time, which consisted of 0D CdS nanoparticles with sizes of 10–20 nm decorated on 3D Bi2S3 mircoflowers assembled by 1D nanorods. The whole formation mechanism of CdS/Bi2S3 heterostructure was systematically investigated. Specifically, the optimal CdS/Bi2S3 sample (CB-3) achieved the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction rate of 3.85 mmol·g−1·h−1, about 16.74 and 25.67 times greater than that of single Bi2S3 and CdS. Besides, the apparent reaction rate constant of CB-3 for photodegradation of Congo red reached up to 0.0412 min−1, being 41.2 and 4.08 folds higher than that of solo Bi2S3 and CdS. The recycled tests over CB-3 were ready to take on the superb photostability. Furthermore, the S-scheme mechanism of photoinduced charges was rationally proposed. This work provides a new insight for the construction of composite photocatalysts for boosted solar-light-driven photocatalytic performance.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) need to address inherent limitations such as low energy densities and poor cycle stability. In the paper, a novel yet safe electrochemical method has been employed to ...insert Ni2+ in pre-prepared films, culminating in the synthesis of Ca-doped β-NiV3O8. The high covalency of the Ni–O bond was expected to enhance the migration rate of Na+, and in turn exhibit a higher ionic conductivity. Various doping amounts of Ca2+ were applied to investigate the differences in the kinetic behavior of β-NiV3O8 film electrodes. Throughout the discharge process, the average DNa+ of Ca-doped β-NiV3O8 was calculated to be 10−13～10−12 cm2 s−1. In addition, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of oxygen defects, which assisted interfacial electron transfer. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed partial new phases (NaV3O8·xH2O and NaVO3·1.9H2O) generation alongside diverse mechanisms of sodium ion insertion/extraction. Under a lower current density with 1 M NaClO4/PC as the electrolyte, it exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 433.2 mA h m−2 at 167 mA m−2 and 96.3 % capacity retention after 100 cycles. This electrochemical method, applicable to treating film electrodes, provides a novel idea for the preparation of high-performance electrode materials for SIBs.
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•Layered magnesium vanadate films were prepared by low-temperature liquid-phase deposition.•The films on ITO substrates are easy to figure out the ion de/insertion ...mechanism.•Thin-film non-aqueous zinc-ion batteries have good properties and portability.
Thin-film non-aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are recognized as an alternative energy storage technology with large-scale application prospects. The use of organic electrolytes with a wide window of electrochemical stability to construct non-aqueous ZIBs results in high operating voltage and energy density. In this paper, magnesium vanadate (Mg0.01V2O5) films were in situ grown and annealed on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass using low-temperature liquid-phase deposition, and directly assembled into thin-film ZIBs. The battery achieved a stable capacity of 137.5 mA h m−2 after 80 cycles at 167 mA m−2. In addition, it exhibited an initial capacity of 104.1 mA h m−2 at 250 mA m−2 and a capacity retention of 75.6 % after 200 cycles. Good rate performance feedback was also obtained. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the electrochemical reaction process of the Mg0.01V2O5 film electrode was analyzed and the insertion/extraction mechanism of Zn2+ was investigated. Due to the instability of the V2O5 structure, the pre-inserted layer of Mg2+ plays a role as a pillar between layers during preparation, supporting the vanadium–oxygen layer and improving structural stability and battery life. At the same time, thin-film ZIB directly composed of film, diaphragm, electrolyte and zinc sheet has good diffusion dynamics, simplicity and size controllability, making it more suitable for commercial applications. Therefore, the thin-film non-aqueous ZIBs in this work may provide new ideas for mobile novel micro power sources.
Magnesium-ion batteries have become important candidates for secondary batteries due to their low cost, dendrite-free and multivalent nature. However, the lack of structural stability of most ...electrode materials and the slow diffusion kinetics of Mg2+ have hindered the development of magnesium-ion batteries. In this work, V3O7/VO2 film electrodes were grown in situ on indium tin oxide conductive glass using a low-temperature liquid-phase deposition method. After calcination at different temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere, it was concluded that the films calcined at 400 °C had an appropriate crystallinity and biphasic structure. With 0.5 M Mg(ClO4)2/PC as the electrolyte, the initial discharge capacity was 111.5 mA h m−2 at 100 mA m−2 and the stabilized capacity was 156.7 mA h m−2 after 100 cycles. According to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, ex-situ X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, V3O7, formed by the partial phase transformation of VO2, has an extraordinarily large interlayer space as the calcination temperature increases. It assisted VO2 to increase the Mg2+ transport channels and provided more active sites to promote diffusion kinetics (the average DMg2+ was 2.83 × 10−12 cm2 s−1). These results may provide a new idea for the use of V3O7/VO2 films as electrode materials for magnesium-ion batteries.
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•V3O7/VO2 films were prepared by low temperature liquid phase deposition.•Partial phase change of VO2 to V3O7 during calcination.•The films on ITO substrates are easy to figure out the ion de/insertion mechanism.•V3O7, which has large layer spacing, assists VO2 in adding more ion diffusion channels.•The advantages of morphology and crystallinity make films have good properties.
Objectives/Hypothesis
To determine if sleepiness and sleep study variables (e.g., Apnea‐Hypopnea Index AHI and lowest oxygen saturation) improve following isolated tonsillectomy for adult obstructive ...sleep apnea (OSA).
Study Design
Systematic review and meta‐analysis.
Methods
Nine databases (PubMed/MEDLINE included) were searched through November 24, 2015.
Results
Seventeen studies (n = 216 patients, 34.4 ± 10.0 years and body mass index: 29.0 ± 6.1 kg/m2) met criteria. Tonsils sizes were hypertrophied, large, enlarged, extremely enlarged, or grades 2 to 4. Apnea‐Hypopnea Index decreased by 65.2% (from 40.5 ± 28.9/hour to 14.1 ± 17.1/hour) (n = 203). The AHI mean difference (MD) was −30.2 per hour (95% confidence interval CI −39.3, −21.1) (P value < 0.00001). The AHI SMD was −1.37 (−1.65, −1.09) (large effect). Lowest oxygen saturation improved from 77.7 ± 11.9% to 85.5 ± 8.2% (n = 186). Lowest oxygen saturation MD was 8.5% (95% CI 5.2, 11.8) (P value < 0.00001). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale decreased from 11.6 ± 3.7 to 6.1 ± 3.9 (P value < 0.00001) (n = 125). Individual patient outcomes (n = 54) demonstrated an 85.2% success rate (AHI < 20/hour and ≥ 50% reduction) and a 57.4% cure rate. Individual patient data meta‐analysis showed preoperative AHI < 30 per hour to be a significant predictor of surgical success (P value < 0.001) and cure (P value = 0.043); among patients with preoperative AHI < 30 per hour, tonsillectomy success rate was 100% (25 of 25) and cure rate was 84% (21 of 25) with a mean postoperative AHI of 2.4 ± 2.1 per hour; this compares to tonsillectomy success rate of 72.4% (21 of 29), cure rate of 10 of 29 (34.4%), and mean postoperative AHI of 14.3 ± 13.9 per hour for patients with preoperative AHI ≥ 30 per hour.
Conclusion
Isolated tonsillectomy can be successful as treatment for adult OSA, especially among patients with large tonsils and mild to moderate OSA (AHI < 30/hour). Laryngoscope, 2016 Laryngoscope, 126:2176–2186, 2016
Vsub.6Osub.13 thin films were deposited on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass by a concise low-temperature liquid-phase deposition method and through heat treatment. The obtained films ...were directly used as electrodes without adding any other media. The results indicate that the film annealed at 400 °C exhibited an excellent cycling performance, which remained at 82.7% of capacity after 100 cycles. The film annealed at 400 °C with diffusion coefficients of 6.08 × 10sup.−12 cmsup.2·ssup.−1 (Lisup.+ insertion) and 5.46 × 10sup.−12 cmsup.2·ssup.−1 (Lisup.+ extraction) in the Vsub.6Osub.13 film electrode. The high diffusion coefficients could be ascribed to the porous morphology composed of ultrathin nanosheets. Moreover, the film endured phase transitions during electrochemical cycling, the Vsub.6Osub.13 partially transformed to Lisub.0.6Vsub.1.67Osub.3.67, Lisub.3VOsub.4, and VOsub.2 with the insertion of Lisup.+ into the lattice, and Lisub.0.6Vsub.1.67Osub.3.67, Lisub.3VOsub.4, and VOsub.2 partially reversibly transformed backwards to Vsub.6Osub.13 with the extraction of Lisup.+ from the lattice. The phase transition can be attributed to the unique structure and morphology with enough active sites and ions diffusion channels during cycles. Such findings reveal a bright idea to prepare high-performance cathode materials for LIBs.
V
O
thin films were deposited on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass by a concise low-temperature liquid-phase deposition method and through heat treatment. The obtained films were directly ...used as electrodes without adding any other media. The results indicate that the film annealed at 400 °C exhibited an excellent cycling performance, which remained at 82.7% of capacity after 100 cycles. The film annealed at 400 °C with diffusion coefficients of 6.08 × 10
cm
·s
(Li
insertion) and 5.46 × 10
cm
·s
(Li
extraction) in the V
O
film electrode. The high diffusion coefficients could be ascribed to the porous morphology composed of ultrathin nanosheets. Moreover, the film endured phase transitions during electrochemical cycling, the V
O
partially transformed to Li
V
O
, Li
VO
, and VO
with the insertion of Li
into the lattice, and Li
V
O
, Li
VO
, and VO
partially reversibly transformed backwards to V
O
with the extraction of Li
from the lattice. The phase transition can be attributed to the unique structure and morphology with enough active sites and ions diffusion channels during cycles. Such findings reveal a bright idea to prepare high-performance cathode materials for LIBs.
Background
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators of various biological processes. The present study aimed ...to explore the biological roles of circRNAs in BPD pathogenesis.
Methods
A newborn BPD rat model was developed to construct a circRNA library; Illumina deep sequencing (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) was used to reveal differential expression of circRNAs in the hyperoxia‐induced BPD rat models. Sanger sequencing and a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were performed to confirm circRNAs that may be related to BPD. After miRNA binding‐site prediction, we constructed a network diagram of circRNA‐competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) related to transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and p53 pathways using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis.
Results
In total, 256 differentially expressed circRNAs were detected between the hyperoxia group and the normoxia group. Of these circRNAs, 195 were up‐regulated and 61 were down‐regulated. The differences of circRNA distribution between the two groups were analyzed and six circRNAs were validated in the tissue samples. GO analysis indicated that 6519 target genes were enriched in cell location and biological processes. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that circRNAs involved in 242 KEGG pathways. A network diagram of circRNA‐ceRNA related to TGF‐β and p53 pathways was constructed.
Conclusions
CircRNAs are differentially expressed between the BPD model and control group. Many target genes of circRNAs are involved in the developmental process, which suggests that BPD may be associated with pathways including extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and vascular smooth muscle contraction.
