A succession of single-phase SrF2: Tb3+, Eu3+ phosphors with adjustable output colour were prepared via chemical co-precipitation technique. The crystal structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ...photo-luminescence excitation (PLE) spectrum, photo-luminescence emission (PL) spectrum, photo-luminescence decay curve and thermal stability studies were used to analyze systematically the energy transfer (ET) properties in SrF2 host. SrF2:Eu3+ phosphors present an obvious orange fluorescence and SrF2:Tb3+ phosphors exhibit the characteristic green fluorescence. The optimal single dopant contents of Eu3+ and Tb3+ are 7 mol% and 6 mol%, respectively. By optical analysis, it can be inferred that Eu3+ and Tb3+ may mainly occupy the reverse symmetric position. Moreover, in the 6 mol%Tb3+, zmol% Eu3+ co-doped SrF2 samples, the intensity of terbium ions characteristic emission (545 nm) decreases monotonically and europium ions characteristic emission (592 nm) increases monotonously by elevating amounts of Eu3+ contents. Thus the alteration of light output colour from green to yellow and definitively to orange can be observed via appropriately adjusting Eu3+/Tb3+ ratios. ET type was testified in SrF2 host is a quadrupole-quadrupole mechanism. Additionally, the critical distance of ET from terbium to europium, which was calculated by quenching concentration method, was 10.521 Å. Meanwhile, the SrF2: 6 mol% Tb3+, 1 mol% Eu3+ exhibits a good thermal stability, so, it will have potential applications for n-UV w-LEDs.
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Patients with gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) have a higher risk of gastric cancer (GC). However, the transformation of GPL into GC is an ongoing process that takes several years. At present, ...several factors including H.Pylori (Hp), flora imbalance, inflammatory factors, genetic variations, Claudin-4, gastric stem cells, solute carrier family member 26 (SLC26A9), bile reflux, exosomes, and miR-30a plays a considerable role in the transformation of GPL into GC. Moreover, timely intervention in the event of GPL can reduce the risk of GC. In clinical practice, GPL is mainly treated with endoscopy, acid suppression therapy, Hp eradication, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, aspirin, and diet. Currently, the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or combination with western medication to remove Hp and the use of TCM to treat GPL are common in Asia, particularly China, and have also demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy. This review thoroughly discussed the combining of TCM and Western therapy for the treatment of precancerous lesions as conditions allow. Consequently, this review also focuses on the causes of the development and progression of GPL, as well as its current treatment. This may help us understand GPL and related treatment.
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•CZB partial nitrification obtained 94.1% NO2–-N accumulation at 0.6 % salinity.•CZB released C8-HSL to aqueous phase that reduced the oxygen transfer efficiency.•C6-HSL and C12-HSL ...increased TB-EPS concentration to enhance biofilm resistance.•CZB enhanced TCA cycle and N metabolism to ensure partial nitrification.
The low salinity caused by the substitution of seawater and the overuse of deicing salt hinders the treatment of mainstream wastewater by conventional biological nitrogen removal process. In this experiment, the start-up and stable operation of partial nitrification were achieved based on a composite zeolite biofilm (CZB) and 94.1 % of nitrite accumulation efficiency was obtained at low salinity. CZB could still maintain high biofilm proportion, strong adhesion and robust structure to resist the impact of 0.6 % salinity. The enhanced release of C8-HSL from the aqueous phase of the CZB increased the oxygen transfer resistance of the sludge layer, thus reducing the oxygen mass transfer efficiency of the sludge layer and inhibiting NOB more effectively. The augmented release of C6-HSL and C12-HSL in the sludge phase (SP) leads to elevated production of protein and polysaccharides, culminating in the development of a more resilient microbial structure. Meanwhile, C6-HSL and C8-HSL in the SP of CZB promoted gene expression, especially nitrate reductase (Nar), to stabilize the supply of NO2–-N. Meanwhile, CZB reinforced the microbial impact resistance by enhancing the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and awakened important gene (nrfA, associated with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium). This activation played a vital role in maintaining the appropriate NH4+-N to NO2–-N ratio in the effluent. Finally, CZB eliminated Nitrospira from the system and increased the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas to 12.8 % at 0.6 % salinity. This method offered valuable theoretical insights for design and optimization of the partial nitrification process for treating mainstream low-salinaty wastewater.
An impaired trophoblast invasion ability contributes to the development of pre-eclampsia (PE), and can be induced by the altered expression of various microRNAs (miRs). MiR-141 and CXCL12β (C-X-C ...motif chemokine ligand 12) signaling regulate trophoblast invasion and vascularization capabilities during PE pathogenesis; however, their interactions and underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. We investigated how miR-141 modulates trophoblast invasion, with a focus on its interaction with CXCL12β signaling.
A PE model was established by using HTR-8/SVneo cells, which were first cultured with 2% O2 for 48 h, and then with 5% O2. The expression of miR-141 in human villous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells was modulated with mimics or an inhibitor, and analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. CXCL12β levels were determined by ELISA. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, and the invasion and vascularization capabilities of trophoblasts were evaluated by Transwell and tube formation assays, respectively. Binding of miR-141 with CXCL12β mRNA was verified by the dual luciferase assay. Protein levels were estimated by western blotting.
MiR-141 expression was significantly induced by hypoxia in HTR-8/SVneo cells. MiR-141 was found to promote apoptosis and inhibit the invasion and vascularization abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells under conditions of hypoxia. MiR-141 could directly bind with the 3′UTR region of CXCL12β mRNA and inhibit its translation. In addition, we proved that miR-141 could inhibit the invasion and vascularization abilities, and promote the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells by targeting CXCL12β under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that arachidonic acid could reverse the invasion and apoptosis abilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells mediated by CXCL12β during hypoxia. In terms of mechanism, MiR-141 could downregulate MMP2, p62, and LC3B expression, and upregulate ROCK1 and RhoA expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells by targeting the CXCL12β gene during hypoxia. The effects of CXCL12βon HTR-8/SVneo cells could be reversed by arachidonic acid (ARA).
Induction of miR-141 by hypoxia promotes apoptosis, and inhibits the invasion and vascularization capabilities of HTR-8/SVneo cells by suppressing the CXCL12β and CXCR2/4 signaling pathways.
MiR-135a-5p is an important regulator of cell migration and invasion in several diseases. However, the biological functions and mechanisms of miR-135a-5p in women with preeclampsia (PE) remain ...unclear.
The levels of miR-135a-5p and beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (β-TrCP) expression in samples of placenta tissue from PE patients and healthy control subjects were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The effects of miR-135a-5p and β-TrCP on cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in two trophoblast cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and TEV-1) were examined using wound healing, Transwell, and western blot assays, respectively. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the association between miR-135a-5p and β-TrCP, and an in vivo mouse model was established and used to analyze the effect of β-TrCP on PE clinical phenotypes.
We found that miR-135a-5p expression was significantly decreased and negatively correlated with β-TrCP expression in the placental tissues of pregnant women with PE. Cellular function experiments showed that overexpression of miR-135a5p promoted the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells in vitro. Furthermore, β-TrCP was confirmed as a target gene of miR-135a-5p in trophoblast cells. Notably, overexpression of β-TrCP significantly reversed the effect of miR-135a-5p on migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. At the molecular level, decreases in E-cadherin levels and increases in N-cadherin, Vimentin, and β-catenin levels that were induced by miR-135a-5p overexpression were attenuated by β-TrCP overexpression.
Our findings demonstrate that miR-135a-5p promotes the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells by targeting β-TrCP.
•MiR-135a-5p promotes trophoblast cell migration, invasion and EMT in PE.•MiR-135a-5p activates WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway through directly targeting β-TrCP.•NRX-252262, augments the PE clinical phenotypes in mice model.
Integration of nucleic acid sequences of Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in Avipoxvirus（APV） has become commonplace. In this study, 4 strains of suspected Fowlpox virus (FPV) and 1 strain of ...suspected Pigeonpox virus (PPV) collected in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province were cultured in chicken embryos, and the 4b core protein gene was amplified by PCR, and the identity and genome similarity were determined by sequence analysis. The sequences between the end of ORF201 and the beginning of ORF203 of FPV and PPV were then amplified, sequenced, and subjected to sequence comparison to determine genome similarity. The results showed that the isolates were 4 strains of FPV and 1 strain of PPV. The 4 isolated strains of FPV belong to type A1 virus, with 100 % identity to each other and to the FWPV-09-Jilin strain isolated in Jilin, China, and the lowest identity to the type B2 virus TNPV5/NZL/2009, which is only 74 %. PPV belongs to type A2 virus, and its identity with local strain of fowlpox virus was 90.1 %, with the highest identity of 100 % with PPLH and ROPI/W370/ON/2012 and ow_2017_3 strains, which also belong to type A2 pigeonpox virus, and the lowest identity of 73.7 % with TNPV5/NZL/2009, a type B2 virus. The complete genome of REV sequences integrated into FPV and PPV were amplified, and 5 REV nucleic acid sequences were obtained after sequencing and concatenation, with lengths ranging from 7942 to 8005 bp. The identity analysis results indicate that it has high identity with isolates from Northeast China, Guangdong, and Guangxi regions in China. Based on its gp90 protein gene, the REV integrated into the poxvirus belong to type III, with the highest identity of 99.9% with strains such as APC-566 and CY1111, and the lowest identity with REV-Anhui1, at 95.4 %. The length of the pol gene varies among different strains of REV, and its encoded amino acid changes significantly after position 675, with deletions and alterations. This study indicates that all fowlpox viruses isolated in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province have integrated the entire REV gene sequence, with high identity between them. At the same time, it indicates that the pigeonpox virus isolate has also integrated the entire REV gene sequence, and has the highest identity with the integrated REV gene sequence in fowlpox virus.
•The type of fowlpox virus isolated from Shanxi is A1, and the pigeonpox virus is A2.•We found that reticuloendotheliosis virus is integrated in pigeonpox viruses.•The length of the pol gene sequence of reticuloendotheliosis virus varies.
This study quantifies the effects of material, size of the continuous archwires, and level of overeruption on the loads on teeth in the correction of overerupted canines.
An orthodontic force test ...(OFT) was used to measure the 3-dimensional loads delivered by the archwires to the brackets attached to the maxillary right incisors, canine, and premolars. Dentoforms simulating canine overeruptions at the 0.5 mm and 1 mm levels were made from computerized tomography scans. Archwires with 2 types of material (stainless steel SS and nickel-titanium NiTi) and 2 sizes (0.014-in and 0.016-in) were tested, respectively, on the 0.022 × 0.028-in brackets through elastomeric ligatures.
The forces were dominantly intrusive on the canines and extrusive on the first premolars and lateral incisors. The magnitudes of the extrusive forces were about 74% and 52% that of intrusive force on the canines, which range from −0.48 ± 0.01 N to −5.70 ± 0.14 N depending on the wire material, size, and severity of overeruption (P <0.01). The canine intrusive forces created by SS wires were about 3 times higher than that of NiTi wires with the same sizes, 0.016-in archwires were about twice higher than that of 0.014-in with the same materials, and 1 mm overeruption level doubled with respect to 0.5 mm. Significant second-order moment as coupled with the intrusive or extrusive forces.
The intrusive and extrusive forces on teeth in the correction of canine overeruption can be quantified by the in vitro orthodontic force test, and the effects of the 3 factors significantly affect the loads on the teeth.
•Effects of archwire material, size, and level of overeruption on loads should be quantified.•A new orthodontic force tester can measure 3D loads on multiple teeth simultaneously.•The intrusive force acting on canines are coupled with moment tending to tip canines.•The canines' immediate neighboring teeth tend to tip.•The loads on the overerupted canine can be adjusted by altering the archwire.
A novel carbon coupled rare earth Sm doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) derived Sm2O3–Co/NEC300J electrocatalyst with an encapsulated structure was prepared via a composite synthetic ...strategy, which owns highly dispersed active sites and high conductivity. The introduction of Sm2O3 significantly improves the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic performance due to the strong synergistic effect between promoter Sm2O3 and guest Co species, in which the onset potential, half-wave potential and limiting current density are all improved compared to pristine ZIF-67 derived Co/NC. The introduction of Ketjen black EC300J (EC300J) brings high conductivity, so the precursor can be calcined under relative low temperature, and huge highly dispersed ORR active sites are created, meanwhile the EC300J offers a restricted pyrolysis environment to form carbon encapsulated structure. Therefore, Sm2O3–Co/NEC300J exhibits excellent activities and stability compared to Sm-doped ZIF-67 derived Sm2O3–Co/NC. For practical application, the designed Al-air battery with an air-cathode catalyst of Sm2O3–Co/NEC300J achieves the specific capacity of 1588 mAh·g-1Al at the discharge current density of 20 mA·cm−2, which almost equals to that of Pt/C. Furthermore, the peak power density and discharge voltage of Sm2O3–Co/NEC300J based Al-air battery are much higher than the Sm2O3–Co/NC, Co/NC and Pt/C counterparts.
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•A novel Sm2O3–Co/NEC300J electrocatalyst is prepared via a composite synthetic strategy.•The ORR activities of Sm2O3–Co/NEC300J are improved due to the synergistic effect.•Huge highly dispersed ORR active sites are created via the introduction of carbon.•Al-air battery constructed by Sm2O3–Co/NEC300J shows excellent performance.
The popularity of
aroma type baijiu (liquor), known for its unique production technology and multilayered flavor, has been steadily increasing among consumers. So far, no research has determined its ...key aroma compounds for characterizing the unique flavor, which is the purpose of this paper. Using gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) coupled with the GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, 87 aroma-active compounds were identified and screened out with intensity values ≥2.0. 1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) was first confirmed by GC-O in Chinese liquor. According to a quantitative study and odor activity values (OAVs), 42 odorants were determined as important aroma compounds. These odorants were recombined based on quantitative concentrations, successfully simulating the overall aroma profile. Omission experiments verified ethyl hexanoate, β-damascenone, and 2-furfuryl ethyl ether as the key aroma compounds and revealed that ethyl acetate, furfural, and ethyl 2-phenylacetate were important aroma compounds to the overall flavor of
aroma and flavor type liquor.
Affordable highly efficient catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play pivotal roles in green hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Regarding the non‐noble metal‐based ...electrocatalysts, considerable efforts are made to decipher the cation leaching and surface reconstruction; yet, little attention is focused on correlating them with catalytical activity and stability. Herein, in situ reconstruction of Fe‐modified Co2VO4 precursor catalyst to form a highly active (Fe,V)‐doped CoOOH phase for OER is reported, during which partial leaching of V accelerates the surface reconstruction and the V reserved in the reconstructed CoOOH layer in the form of alkali‐resistant V2O3 serves for dynamic charge compensation and prevention of excessive loss of lattice oxygen and Co dissolution. Fe substitution facilitates Co pre‐oxidation and endows the catalysts with structural flexibility by elevating O 2p band level; hence, encouraging participation of lattice oxygen in OER. The optimized Co2Fe0.25V0.75O4 electrode can afford current densities of 10 and 500 mA cm−2 at low overpotentials of 205 and 320 mV, respectively, with satisfactory stability over 600 h. By coupling with Pt/C cathode, the assembled alkaline electrolyzer can deliver 500 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.798 V, better than that of commercial RuO2 (+) || Pt/C (−).
A novel Fe modified Co2VO4 spinel oxide is elaborately designed as high‐performance OER electrocatalyst. With structural flexibility and directed generation of alkali‐resistance surface restructuring layer, the trade‐off between activity and stability of transition metal catalysts is perfectly addressed, and consequently, this catalyst can sustain an alkaline OER operation for 600 h at 500 mA cm−2 with almost no activity decay.
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