•This paper provided a holistic review of the pansharpening methods.•The methods were evaluated from a new perspective based on meta-analysis.•The CS-based methods, MRA-based methods, and VO-based ...methods were reviewed.
In this paper, the development of pansharpening methods from traditional understanding to the current understanding is comprehensively reviewed. Furthermore, the performance of the different categories of pansharpening methods developed between 2000 and 2016 is evaluated based on the idea of meta-analysis. This is innovatively performed by making a statistical analysis of the studies ever published. In the proposed scheme, based on strict selection criteria, 48 representative articles, which were selected from more than 1000 articles, were applied for the statistical analysis. This paper aims to provide a holistic review of the pansharpening methods, and highlights the development process from the traditional understanding to the current understanding. In addition, the experiments were implemented from a new perspective based on the idea of meta-analysis.
Dietary supplementation of butyrate can prevent diet-induced obesity through increasing mitochondrial function in mice, yet the up-stream signaling pathway remains elusive. In this study, weaned mice ...were divided into two groups, fed control (CON) and high-fat diet (HF, 45% energy from fat), respectively, for 8 weeks. HF-induced obese mice, maintained on HF diet, were then divided into two groups; HFB group was gavaged with 80 mg sodium butyrate (SB) per mice every other day for 10 days, while the HF group received vehicle. It was shown that five gavage doses of SB significantly alleviated HF diet-induced obesity and restored plasma glucose, insulin and leptin to control levels. Muscle contents of ADP and AMP were significantly increased, which was associated with enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and up-regulated expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes and uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP3 in the skeletal muscle. SB significantly enhanced the expression of adiponectin receptors (adipoR1/2) and AMP kinase (AMPK), while diminished the expression of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Higher H3K9Ac, a gene activation histone mark, was detected on the promoter of Adipor1/2, Ucp2 and Ucp3 genes that were activated in the muscle of SB-treated obese mice. Our results indicate that short-term oral administration of SB can alleviate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice through activation of adiponectin-mediated pathway and stimulation of mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle.
This quasi-experimental classroom study examines the effects of recasts and negotiated prompts on oral interactions in a foreign language (FL) context where the instructional approach primarily ...focuses on grammar and accuracy. Ninety adult native speakers of Mandarin Chinese from two intact classes were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups (recast or negotiated prompt) or a control group, and were asked to complete pre-/post-tests on their use of question and past tense forms in English. Between the pre-test and the post-tests, the learners of the two experimental groups had three treatment lessons for feedback outside their usual English classes, the interaction data of which are reported. ANOVA analyses revealed that recasts were highly effective for accuracy development of wh-questions, interrogative questions and irregular past tense verbs. Negotiated prompts showed moderate effectiveness at most times for accuracy development of interrogative questions and both irregular and regular past tense verbs. These findings provide further insights into the role of corrective feedback (CF) in L2 development.
Nanozyme is a series of nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic activities that can proceed with the catalytic reactions of natural enzymes. In the field of biomedicine, nanozymes are capturing tremendous ...attention due to their high stability and low cost. Enzyme-mimetic activities of nanozymes can be regulated by multiple factors, such as the chemical state of metal ion, pH, hydrogen peroxide (H
O
), and glutathione (GSH) level, presenting great promise for biomedical applications. Over the past decade, multi-functional nanozymes have been developed for various biomedical applications. To promote the understandings of nanozymes and the development of novel and multifunctional nanozymes, we herein provide a comprehensive review of the nanozymes and their applications in the biomedical field. Nanozymes with versatile enzyme-like properties are briefly overviewed, and their mechanism and application are discussed to provide understandings for future research. Finally, underlying challenges and prospects of nanozymes in the biomedical frontier are discussed in this review.
A novel protein immobilization method based on plasma treatment of paper on the low-cost paper-based immunodevice was established in this work. By using a benchtop plasma cleaner, the paper microzone ...was treated by oxygen plasma treatment for 4min and then the antibody can be directly immobilized on the paper surface. Aldehyde group was produced after the plasma treatment, which can be verified from the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. By linked to aldehyde group, the antibody can be immobilized on the paper surface without any other pretreatment. A paper-based immunodevice was introduced here through this antibody immobilization method. With sandwich chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay method, the paper-based immunodevice was successfully performed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection in human serum with a linear range of 0.1–80.0ng/mL. The detection limit was 0.03ng/mL, which was 30 times lower than the clinical CEA level. Comparing to the other protein immobilization methods on paper-based device, this strategy was faster and simpler and had potential applications in point-of-care testing, public health and environmental monitoring.
•A protein immobilization method based on plasma treatment of paper was developed.•Aldehyde group was produced on the paper after the plasma treatment.•The plasma treated time was 4min and the protein immobilization strategy was faster.•Carcinoembryonic antigen was detected by this paper-based immunodevice.
Because of sensor malfunction and poor atmospheric conditions, there is usually a great deal of missing information in optical remote sensing data, which reduces the usage rate and hinders the ...follow-up interpretation. In the past decades, missing information reconstruction of remote sensing data has become an active research field, and a large number of algorithms have been developed. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has not, to date, been a study that has been aimed at expatiating and summarizing the current situation. This is therefore our motivation in this review. This paper provides an introduction to the principles and theories of missing information reconstruction of remote sensing data. We classify the established and emerging algorithms into four main categories, followed by a comprehensive comparison of them from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. This paper also predicts the promising future research directions.
Because of sensor failure and poor observation conditions, remote sensing (RS) images are easily subjected to information loss, which hinders our effective analysis of the earth. As a result, it is ...of great importance to reconstruct the missing information (MI) of RS images. Recent studies have demonstrated that sparse representation based methods are suitable to fill large-area MI. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the MI reconstruction of RS images in the framework of sparse representation. Overall, in terms of recovering the MI, this paper makes three major contributions: (1) we propose an analysis model for reconstructing the MI in RS images; (2) we propose to utilize both the spectral and temporal information; and (3) on this basis, we make a detailed comparison of the two kinds of sparse representation models (synthesis model and analysis model). In addition, experiments were conducted to compare the sparse representation methods with the other state-of-the-art methods.
Clouds are obstructions for land-surface observation, which result in the regional information being blurred or even lost. Thin clouds are transparent, and images of regions covered by thin clouds ...contain information about both the atmosphere and the ground. Therefore, thin cloud removal is a challenging task as the ground information is easily affected when the thin cloud removal is performed. An efficient and effective thin cloud removal method is proposed for visible remote sensing images in this paper, with the aim being to remove the thin clouds and also restore the ground information. Since thin cloud is considered as low-frequency information, the proposed method is based on the classic homomorphic filter and is executed in the frequency domain. The optimal cut-off frequency for each channel is determined semi-automatically. In order to preserve the clear pixels and ensure the high fidelity of the result, cloudy pixels are detected and handled separately. As a particular kind of low-frequency information, cloud-free water surfaces are specially treated and corrected. Since only cloudy pixels are involved in the calculation, the method is highly efficient and is suited for large remote sensing scenes. Scenes including different land-cover types were selected to validate the proposed method, and a comparison analysis with other methods was also performed. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method is effective in correcting thin cloud contaminated images while preserving the true spectral information.
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