•Porous carbons (PC) were obtained from the carbonization of MOF-5.•The PC-900 exhibited much higher electrochemical performance than AC.•The PCs derived from MOF-5 were investigated for CDI.•The ...maximum electrosorption capacity of 9.39mgg−1 was obtained by PC-900.
Porous carbon (PC) was easily prepared by synthesis of a metal–organic framework (MOF-5) followed by carbonization step. The morphology, structure, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas, wettability, and electrochemical performance for PCs carbonized at different temperatures from 500 to 1000°C were characterized by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption, contact angle of glycerin, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and compared with a commercially available activated carbon (AC). The results showed that MOF-5 was fully carbonated at 900°C, having the highest specific surface area of 1563.09m2g−1 and the largest pore volume of 1.07cm3g−1. The PC carbonized at 900°C (PC-900) exhibited better wettability, a higher specific capacity and a lower charge transfer resistance than other PCs and AC. In further capacitive deionization (CDI) process, the PC-900 electrode exhibited 9.39mgg−1 CDI capacity, significantly higher than 5.47mgg−1 of AC electrode. More importantly, easy and good repeatability could be obtained for PC-900 electrode. This study suggests that the PC-900 derived from MOF-5 may be a potential electrode material for CDI.
The AgInS2/In2S3 nanoparticles (NPs) co-sensitized TiO2 nanotube array (NTA) photoanodes with high photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion efficiency are prepared and optimized. The In2S3 buffer layer ...around AgInS2 absorber layer significantly improves the charge generation/separation efficiency of the prepared photoanode. Compared with single AgInS2 NPs sensitized TiO2 NTAs, the design of the AgInS2/In2S3 heterojunction NPs sensitized TiO2 NTAs further promotes the charge transfer in the system, and avoids the unmatched energy band alignment between AgInS2 and TiO2. The AgInS2(3)/In2S3(5) NPs co-sensitized TiO2 NTAs possess the best PEC conversion performance. The AgInS2 and In2S3 NPs distribute uniformly on TiO2 NTAs to form close interfacial adhesion. Simultaneously, the one-dimensional TiO2 nanotubes serve as the direct electron pathways and ensure the rapid collection of charge carriers generated by the system. Moreover, due to the more negative Fermi levels and energy band potentials of AgInS2 and In2S3, the prepared TiO2 NTA/AgInS2(3)/In2S3(5) photoanode also exhibits an excellent PEC cathodic protection performance for 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution.
AgInS2 visible light responsive sensitizer and the In2S3 buffer layer co-sensitized TiO2 nanotube array photoanodes can efficiently enhance the photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency and the photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance. Display omitted
The microstructures and corrosion behaviors of Mg-6%Al-3%Zn and Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-(0.25∼1.0)%Y in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution are investigated via morphology observation, phase characterization, immersion and ...electrochemical methods. The experimental results suggest that yttrium alloying can improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-6%Al-3%Zn throughout the immersion. The initial enhanced corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy is attributed to the Y alloying, which gives rise to the increasing content of Al2O3 in oxide layer. The promoted protectiveness of oxide layer on Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-1.0%Y alloy arouse a filiform corrosion as revealed by in-situ metallographic observation. Furthermore, the Y-containing magnesium alloys still perform higher corrosion resistance compared with that of Mg-6%Al-3%Zn alloy even if the oxide layer is exhausted. This phenomenon is owing to two factors, one is the gradual transformation of intermetallic phases from continuous Mg17Al12 to discrete Al2Y in matrix, by which the micro-galvanic corrosion between α-Mg grains and intermetallic phases is alleviated; the other is the morphology variation of corrosion products, the uniform and compact products layer on Y-containing alloys provide a barrier that effectively prevent the corrosive ions from penetrating into and reacting with Mg matrix.
Monitoring genetic diversity and recent HIV infections (RHIs) is critical for understanding HIV epidemiology. Here, we report HIV-1 genetic diversity and RHIs in blood samples from 190 HIV-positive ...MMSCs in Zhuhai, China. MMSCs with newly reported HIV were enrolled from January 2020 to June 2022. A nested PCR was performed to amplify the HIV polymerase gene fragments at HXB2 positions 2604–3606. We constructed genetic transmission network at both 0.5% and 1.5% distance thresholds using the Tamura-Nei93 model. RHIs were identified using a recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) combining limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-EIA) assay with clinical data. The results revealed that 19.5% (37/190) were RHIs and 48.4% (92/190) were CRF07_BC. Two clusters were identified at a 0.5% distance threshold. Among them, one was infected with CRF07_BC for the long term, and the other was infected with CRF55_01B recently. We identified a total of 15 clusters at a 1.5% distance threshold. Among them, nine were infected with CRF07_BC subtype, and RHIs were found in 38.8% (19/49) distributed in eight genetic clusters. We identified a large active transmission cluster (n = 10) infected with a genetic variant, CRF79_0107. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that clusters were more likely to be RHIs (adjusted OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 1.51~9.01). The RHI algorithm can help to identify recent or ongoing transmission clusters where the prevention tools are mostly needed. Prompt public health measures are needed to contain the further spread of active transmission clusters.
Background
To assess whether HIV self-testing (HIVST) has a better performance in identifying HIV-infected cases than the facility-based HIV testing (HIVFBT) approach.
Methods
A cross-sectional study ...was conducted among men who have sex with men (MSM) by using an online questionnaire (including information on sociodemographic, sexual biography, and HIV testing history) and blood samples (for limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay, gene subtype testing, and taking confirmed HIV test). MSM who were firstly identified as HIV positive through HIVST and HIVFBT were compared. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to explore any association between both groups and their subgroups.
Results
In total, 124 MSM HIV cases were identified from 2017 to 2021 in Zhuhai, China, including 60 identified through HIVST and 64 through HIVFBT. Participants in the HIVST group were younger (≤30 years, 76.7%
vs.
46.9%), were better educated (>high school, 61.7%
vs.
39.1%), and had higher viral load (≥1,000 copies/ml, 71.7%
vs.
50.0%) than MSM cases identified through HIVFBT. The proportion of early HIV infection in the HIVST group was higher than in the HIVFBT group, identified using four recent infection testing algorithms (RITAs) (RITA 1, 46.7%
vs.
25.0%; RITA 2, 43.3%
vs.
20.3%; RITA 3, 30.0%
vs.
14.1%; RITA 4, 26.7%
vs.
10.9%; all
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
The study showed that HIVST has better HIV early detection among MSM and that recent HIV infection cases mainly occur in younger and better-educated MSM. Compared with HIVFBT, HIVST is more accessible to the most at-risk population on time and tends to identify the case early. Further implementation studies are needed to fill the knowledge gap on this medical service model among MSM and other target populations.
At present, no matter in the technical field or the commercial field, China has no doubt become the leader in developing the 5G industry. Based on the perspective of Sino-US trade war, this paper ...analyzes the layout and value space of China's 5G industry, and believes that technological innovation is the first driving force and an important means to seek a leading position in the international market. Take practical measures from the aspects of policy design, industrial layout and technical standards.
The Mg-6%Al-3%Zn and Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-(1%, 1.5%, 2%)In alloys were prepared by melting and casting. Their microstructures were investigated via metallographic and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ...(EDS) analysis. Moreover, hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests were carried out in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution aiming at identifying their corrosion mechanisms and discharge behaviors. The results suggested that indium exerts an improvement on both the corrosion rate and the discharge activity of Mg-Al-Zn alloy via the effects of grain refining, β-Mg17Al12 precipitation, dissolving-reprecipitation, and self-peeling. The Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-1.5%In alloy with the highest corrosion rate at free corrosion potential did not perform desirable discharge activity indicating that the barrier effect caused by the β-Mg17Al12 phase would have been enhanced under the conditions of anodic polarization. The Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-1.0%In alloy with a relative low corrosion rate and a high discharge activity is a promising anode material for both cathodic protection and chemical power source applications.
Men who have sex with men (MSM) face significant risks of
(CT) and/or
(NG) infection. Nevertheless, only limited studies have looked into the site-specific infection and clearance of CT/NG. In order ...to prevent transmission, it is essential to understand the underlying factors that drive infection and spontaneous clearance.
A 12-week cohort study examined the association between CT/NG infection, self-clearance, and sexual behaviors among MSM. The Willingness Service recruited participants who completed weekly questionnaires and provided urine, throat, and rectal swab samples.
The study involved 151 men, in which 51 (33.8%) were diagnosed with CT/NG infection during the study period. HIV (OR = 11.31), kissing (OR = 1.59), receptive oral sex (OR = 36.64), and insertive anal sex (OR = 19.73) constituted significant risk factors. 100% condom use (OR = 5.78) and antibiotic (OR = 7.53) were more likely to cause spontaneous clearance.
MSM may engage in riskier sexual behaviors due to insufficient knowledge and awareness of STI prevention, leading to increased susceptibility to NG/CT. It is crucial to concentrate on enhancing health education for MSM.
This study found that the rectum was the most prevalent site of CT/NG and sexual behavior can influence the infection. Additionally, the appropriate use of antibiotics and consistent condom use may contribute to clear spontaneously.
The microstructures and discharge products of Mg-6%Al-3%Zn and Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-0.5%In alloys are investigated by morphology observation, phase characterization, and composition analysis. Hydrogen ...collection, weight-loss measurement, and electrochemical tests are conducted to discuss their corrosion and discharge behaviors. An indium aroused dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism for Mg activation is proposed. Results suggest that the dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism can suitably interpret the indium-activation effect. Indium addition into Mg promotes Mg dissolution through synergistic effects, which involve increasing the second-phase amount, generating less-protective products, promoting products self-peeling, and dissolution-reprecipitation of indium. The homogenized Mg-Al-Zn-In alloy performs desirable corrosion resistance and discharge capability and thus is a promising candidate for applications as anode materials.
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