The limited availability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related progression biomarker array kits that offer physicians comprehensive information is disadvantageous for monitoring cancer progression. To ...develop a biomarker array kit, systematic identification and differentiation of a large number of distinct molecular surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) reporters with high spectral temporal resolution is a major challenge. To address this unmet need, we use the chemistry of metal carbonyls to construct a series of unique SERS reporters with the potential to provide logical and highly multiplex information during testing. In this study, we report that geometric control over metal carbonyls on nanotags can produce 14 distinct barcodes that can be decoded unambiguously using commercial Raman spectroscopy. These metal carbonyl nanobarcodes are tested on human blood samples and show strong sensitivity (0.07 ng/mL limit of detection, average CV of 6.1% and >92% degree of recovery) and multiplexing capabilities for MMPs.
To understand the mechanism(s) of age‐dependent outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans, we previously established an age‐related HBV mouse model in which 6‐week‐old (N6W) C3H/HeN ...mice exhibited virus tolerance whereas 12‐week‐old (N12W) counterparts presented virus clearance. By investigating the hepatic myeloid cell dynamics in mice of these two ages, we aim to identify factors associated with HBV clearance. C3H/HeN mice were transfected with an HBV plasmid by hydrodynamic injection. Serum HBV markers were monitored weekly. Hepatic leucocyte populations and their cytokine/chemokine productions were examined at baseline, day 3 (D3), day 7 (D7), and day 14 after injection. C‐C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonist and clodronate (CLD) were respectively administered to N12W and N6W mice to study the roles of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C (Ly6C)+ monocytes and Kupffer cells (KCs) in viral clearance. N12W mice had a significantly higher number of TNF‐α–secreting Ly6C+ monocytes and fewer IL‐10–secreting KCs at D3 in the liver than their younger N6W counterparts after HBV transfection. In addition, the elevated number of interferon‐γ+TNF‐α+ CD8+ T cells at D7 was only seen in the older cohort. The enhanced Ly6C+ monocyte induction in N12W mice resulted from elevated C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion by hepatocytes. CCR2 antagonist administration hampered Ly6C+ monocyte recruitment and degree of KC reduction and delayed HBV clearance in N12W animals. Depletion of KCs by CLD liposomes enhanced Ly6C+ monocyte recruitment and accelerated HBV clearance in N6W mice. Conclusions: Ly6C+ monocytes and KCs may, respectively, represent the resistance and tolerance arms of host defenses. These two cell types play an essential role in determining HBV clearance/tolerance. Manipulation of these cells is a promising avenue for immunotherapy of HBV‐related liver diseases.
Energy generation contributes nearly 40% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and half of energy generated is purchased and used by industrial or commercial entities (Scope 2 category emission). ...Other than conserving energy and upgrading energy efficiency to reduce GHG emissions, these Scope 2 entities can switch to low-carbon electricity generated by renewable sources, whether through on-site installations or through energy products purchased. An electricity tracking and certification framework, such as the renewable energy certificate (REC), can be a powerful policy instrument to promote the acquisition of low-carbon electricity by the Scope 2 users. Designing, implementing, and regulating a REC framework must be meticulous in the determination of the electricity emission factor (in CO2 equivalent per unit power generated). This article uses several simplified scenarios to illustrate the advantage of implementing a trackable REC system to avoid the “free-rider effect” in the electricity market, and the proper accounting mechanism for the inclusion of onsite installations of renewable energy to eliminate the “outsider effect”. Still in its early phase of implementing a REC instrument to reach the GHG emission reduction goal, Taiwan has a chance for successful transition from the existing fossil fuel-rich energy portfolio to a low-carbon one, through reforming its energy infrastructure and introducing incentive-driven policies. Therefore, this paper also provides constructive recommendations to the policy-makers on the deployment of the REC system.
A background-free photoinduced enhanced Raman (PIER) probe for highly sensitive detection of tyrosine dimerization process due to oxidative reaction in inflammatory cells is presented. The PIER probe ...could monitor oxidative reaction in real time by producing time-resolved spectral with discrete changes in Raman intensity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on C≡C probes with PIER and vastly improved Raman activity. These results will contribute to the cutting edge of development of stable and highly sensitive chemical imaging technology.
The post-Kyoto Protocol era has seen a transition to focus on the development of a renewable energy (RE) market as a primary instrument to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. This paper ...analyses the development of GHG reduction and RE market in China, Japan, and Taiwan that are geographically proximate but socioeconomically diverse, and each plays a different but significant role in the world’s economy. By deploying a consolidated model incorporating the key components of market drivers underlying the goal of achieving GHG reduction, we threaded through the policy- and market-instruments implemented for each of the case studies over the past 20 years using the model. One commonality is that subsidiary schemes in the form of feed-in tariffs have served as an effective policy tool to boost the growth of renewable energy installations, though the worsening financial burden renders this path unsustainable. Over-reliance on feed-in-tariff schemes may have also impeded the liberation of an energy market pivotal to the success of elevating RE portfolio through trading mechanisms. What followed were the implementations of renewable energy certificate (REC) systems that have experienced various roadblocks leading to failures of the certificate market. By understanding the paths engaged in each of the cases, a conceptualized strategy depicted by the consolidated model is proposed to show the links between a renewable market and a carbon market. The framework would expedite the trading of RECs and carbon credits to accelerate the attainment of GHG emission reduction goals.
Wind-induced interaction between a tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) and a structure (bridge deck) in pitching motion is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Non-uniform cross-sections ...in TLCDs are considered in general. Theoretically, the interacted equations of motion under wind excitation were derived for a single-degree-of-freedom rotational structure equipped with a TLCD based on energy principles. An addition term, which had never been revealed in existing literature, was discovered. The second part in this study was to demonstrate the existence of this additional term through experimental verification. This task was carried out by conducting large scale tests on the system of a TLCD on a rotational structure (which is a spring-constrained steel beam pivoted at mid-span) and by making comparisons between the experimental and analytical responses of the interacted structure subjected to harmonic loading. To obtain all necessary parameters for computing the analytical responses in the interaction, the individual identification of the properties of the TLCD and structure using free vibration and forced vibration techniques was also performed. Comparison results show that analytical responses with the additional term included can represent the actual interaction more closely than those without the additional term. Therefore, the inclusion of the additional term in pitching interaction equations is essential.
碩士
東海大學
食品科學系
102
In Taiwan cereal grain, peanut products and Chinese herbs are liable to fungal contamination, since the subtropical climate is warm and humid. The fungal contamination often causes ...mycotoxin residues in food materials. Carcinogenic aflatoxin is more serious threatening than any other mycotoxins to human health. The objective of this study is to develop a system for detecting aflatoxin in food materials. Firstly, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was used to screen toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, then the toxigenic strains were further verified by using selective medium yeast extract sucrose cyclodextrin sodium desoxycholate(YCSD), and finally the level of residue aflatoxin in contaminated samples were determined by using ultra–high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). According to results of LAMP, Aspergillus flavus strains are found in indica rice, peanut meals, Puer tea , peppercorn, ligustrum seed; and A. parasiticus strains are foun
碩士
國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
105
Conversions of organic substrates to biohydrogen through separated dark-fermentation or photo- fermentation are both being recognized as promising clean energy production ...techniques. With or without illumination, both fermentations could produce hydrogen gas under anaerobic condition. Therefore, it is possible to enforce dark- and photo-fermentations to occur in the same reactor and it might have advantages over separated fermentation by reducing overall reactor volume since hydrogen-producing PNSB (Photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria) could directly utilize the VFAs formed by dark fermentation.
With this motivation, experiments of separated fermentation mode were established. CH5 is a strain of dark-fermentation bacteria (DFB), Clostridium pasteurianum, was found to have optimally cumulative amount of hydrogen when fed with 15 g L-1 glucose and it also produced significant amount of butyrate and acetic. Selecting two PNSB were C6 and G11, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, utilize not on
碩士
淡江大學
電機工程學系碩士在職專班
99
Due to the productivity growth of computer relevant products and based on the nowadays environment of respecting to the energy conservation, low power dissipation of computer ...chipset becomes one of the development goals. This paper is to address a new type of CMOS buffer which can be compatible in all the chipset design in computer relevant products.
This new type of CMOS buffer has two main features. Firstly, this Feedback- controlled Split-path CMOS Buffer can distinguish the output signals, and then depart the path. In another words, it would eliminate the power dissipation of output short-current if the CMOS buffer has this inverted-delay-unit. Secondly, it has Bootstrapping Low-Voltage Driver features. This driver is to combine bootstrapping large capacitor to the MOSFET switch speed more than fast, it would eliminate the power-delay product dissipation.
The simulated environment in this paper is based on the manufacture process of 0.35μm in TSMC and Intel ICH10 Chipset (14MHz, 33
碩士
淡江大學
土木工程學系碩士班
95
Recently, the advancement in construction technology and material has facilitated the construction of lighter bridges with even longer span. The down side effect that comes with ...it is the susceptibility of such structures to wind loading. Thus, the use of vibration control device, such as tuned liquid column damper (TLCD), is becoming more and more necessary. Since the application of TLCD to civil structures is mostly on buildings, the derivation of the interaction behavior between the TLCD and structure in the torsional motion will have to be addressed.
In this research, a single-degree-of-freedom damped structure equipped with a TLCD in torsional motion is considered to derive the equations of motion. Consequently, the analytical solution of the structural response and TLCD liquid motion has been derived under the excitation of harmonic loading. It was found that, in the equations of motion, there exists a modified term which is not considered in the existent literature. To justify the
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