In recent years, many studies have focused on the application of advanced technology as a way to improve management of construction safety management. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), one of the key ...technologies in Internet of Things (IoT) development, enables objects and devices to sense and communicate environmental conditions; Building Information Modeling (BIM), a revolutionary technology in construction, integrates database and geometry into a digital model which provides a visualized way in all construction lifecycle management. This paper integrates BIM and WSN into a unique system which enables the construction site to visually monitor the safety status via a spatial, colored interface and remove any hazardous gas automatically. Many wireless sensor nodes were placed on an underground construction site and to collect hazardous gas level and environmental condition (temperature and humidity) data, and in any region where an abnormal status is detected, the BIM model will alert the region and an alarm and ventilator on site will start automatically for warning and removing the hazard. The proposed system can greatly enhance the efficiency in construction safety management and provide an important reference information in rescue tasks. Finally, a case study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed system and the practical benefits, limitations, conclusions, and suggestions are summarized for further applications.
We study the effects of disorder (quenched randomness) in a two-dimensional square-latticeS=1/2quantum-spin system, theJ−Qmodel with a multispin interactionQsupplementing the Heisenberg exchangeJ. In ...the absence of disorder, the system hosts antiferromagnetic (AFM) and columnar valence-bond-solid (VBS) ground states. The VBS breaksZ4symmetry spontaneously, and in the presence of arbitrarily weak disorder it forms domains. Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate two different kinds of such disordered VBS states. Upon dilution, a removed site in one sublattice forces a leftover localized spin in the opposite sublattice. Such spins interact through the host system and always form AFM order. In the case of random-Jor -Qinteractions in the intact lattice, we find a different spin-liquid-like state with no magnetic or VBS order but with algebraically decaying mean correlations. Here we identify localized spinons at the nexus of domain walls separating regions with the four different VBS patterns. These spinons form correlated groups with the same number of spinons and antispinons. Within such a group, we argue that there is a strong tendency to singlet formation because of the native pairing and relatively strong spinon-spinon interactions mediated by the domain walls. Thus, the spinon groups are effectively isolated from each other and no long-range AFM order forms. The mean spin correlations decay asr−2as a function of distancer. We propose that this state is a two-dimensional analogue of the well-known random-singlet (RS) state in one dimension, though, in contrast to the one-dimensional case the dynamic exponentzis finite in two dimensions. By studying quantum-critical scaling of the magnetic susceptibility, we find thatzvaries, taking the valuez=2at the AFM-RS phase boundary and growing upon moving into the RS phase (thus, causing a power-law divergent susceptibility). The RS state discovered here in a system without geometric frustration may correspond to the same fixed point as the RS state recently proposed for frustrated systems, and the ability to study it without Monte Carlo sign problems opens up opportunities for further detailed characterization of its static and dynamic properties. We also discuss experimental evidence of the RS phase in the quasi-two-dimensional square-lattice random-exchange quantum magnetsSr2CuTe1−xWxO6forxin the range of 0.2–0.5.
As a major enabling factor for Industry 4.0, three‐dimensional (3D) printing faces technical and managerial concerns that may hinder its sustainable development. In this study, four technical ...challenges are reviewed as follows: time‐consuming 3D object design, limited types of usable materials, low precision, and low productivity. Seven managerial concerns are also discussed as follows: 3D object database management, intellectual property rights of 3D printing, business innovation, ubiquitous manufacturing, lean manufacturing, globalization and deglobalization, and feasibility evaluation and optimization. Then, this study asserts that technical challenges should be addressed to ensure the feasibility of a 3D printing application in a manufacturing context, whereas managerial concerns should be addressed to advance and optimize a 3D printing application. Based on the discussion, to maximize profit, a smart manufacturing system based on 3D printing should continually provide 3D objects of interest to customers, or join as many ubiquitous manufacturing networks as possible.
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. To date, there is no FDA-approved treatment, so there is an urgent need to ...determine its pathophysiology and underlying molecular mechanisms. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that removes damaged organelles and misfolded proteins after cell injury through endoplasmic reticulum stress or starvation, which inhibits apoptosis and promotes cell survival. Recent studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in removing lipid droplets from hepatocytes. Autophagy has also been reported to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and provide energy for the hepatic stellate cells activation during liver fibrosis. Thyroid hormone, irisin, melatonin, hydrogen sulfide, sulforaphane, DA-1241, vacuole membrane protein 1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, sodium-glucose co-transporter type-2 inhibitors, immunity-related GTPase M, and autophagy-related gene 7 have been reported to ameliorate MAFLD via autophagic induction. Lipid receptor CD36, SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and leucine aminopeptidase 3 play a negative role in the autophagic function. This review summarizes recent advances in the role of autophagy in MAFLD. Autophagy modulates major pathological changes, including hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis, suggesting the potential of modulating autophagy for the treatment of MAFLD.
Neutrophils in Psoriasis Chiang, Chih-Chao; Cheng, Wei-Jen; Korinek, Michal ...
Frontiers in immunology,
10/2019, Volume:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells. The pathogenic roles of neutrophils are related to chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory ...disease affecting ~2-3% of the world population. The abundant presence of neutrophils in the psoriatic skin lesions serves as a typical histopathologic hallmark of psoriasis. Recent reports indicated that oxidative stress, granular components, and neutrophil extracellular traps from psoriatic neutrophils are related to the initial and maintenance phases of psoriasis. This review provides an overview on the recent (up to 2019) advances in understanding the role of neutrophils in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, including the effects of respiratory burst, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation on psoriatic immunity and the clinical relationships.
The development of skin organs for studying developmental pathways, modeling diseases, or regenerative medicine purposes is a major endeavor in the field. Human induced pluripotent stem cells ...(hiPSCs) are successfully used to derive skin cells, but the field is still far from meeting the goal of creating skin containing appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. Here, the goal is to generate skin organoids (SKOs) from human skin fibroblast or placental CD34+ cell‐derived hiPSCs. With all three hiPSC lines, complex SKOs with stratified skin layers and pigmented hair follicles are generated with different efficacies. In addition, the hiPSC‐derived SKOs develop sebaceous glands, touch‐receptive Merkel cells, and more importantly eccrine sweat glands. Together, physiologically relevant skin organoids are developed by direct induction of embryoid body formation, along with simultaneous inactivation of transforming growth factor beta signaling, activation of fibroblast growth factor signaling, and inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways. The skin organoids created in this study can be used as valuable platforms for further research into human skin development, disease modeling, or reconstructive surgeries.
Beyond its barrier role, skin has thermoregulatory and sensory functions. These functions are facilitated by skin‐associated structures known as skin appendages (such as hair follicles, sweat glands, etc.). In this study, skin organoids with its appendages are developed from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells. Skin organoids represent a new hope to produce skin in its full integrity.
Aim
To investigate the effect of IWP‐2, Wnt inhibitor, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) responses.
Methodology
hDPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues. Cells were treated with 25 ...μM IWP‐2 for 24 h, and subsequently, the gene expression profile was examined using high‐throughput RNA sequencing. The mRNA expression was analysed using qPCR. The effect of IWP‐2 was investigated in both normal and LPS‐induced hDPSCs (inflamed hDPSCs). CD4+ T cells and CD14+ monocyte‐derived macrophages were cultured with conditioned media of IWP‐2 treated hDPSCs to observe the immunosuppressive property.
Results
RNA sequencing indicated that IWP‐2 significantly downregulated several KEGG pathways, including cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, IL‐17 signalling pathway, and TNF signalling pathway. In both normal and inflamed conditions, IWP‐2 markedly upregulated TGFB1 mRNA expression while the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, TNFA, IL1B, IFNG, and IL6, was inhibited. In the inhibition experiment, the pretreatment with p38, MAPK, or PI3K inhibitors abolished the effects of IWP‐2 in LPS‐induced inflammation. In terms of immune cells, IWP‐2‐treated‐inflamed hDPSCs conditioned media attenuated T cell proliferation and regulated regulatory T cell differentiation. In addition, the migratory property of macrophage was decreased after being exposed to IWP‐2‐treated inflamed hDPSCs conditioned media.
Conclusion
IWP‐2 suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression in both normal and inflamed hDPSCs. Moreover, hDPSCs exerted the immunosuppressive property after IWP‐2 treatment. These results suggest the role of Wnt in inflammatory responses and immunomodulation in dental pulp tissues.
There is an absence of cross-cultural qualitative research exploring sociocultural factors affecting reading motivation. To address the gap, the present study adopted the Bronfenbrenner's ...bioecological model of human development to investigate factors impacting reading motivation across American and Japanese fourth grade students. Additionally, we aimed to identify ways to motivate both students to read. Semi-structured interviews for 12 students in each country were conducted. Our study identified a consistent pattern in which the reading motivation of both American and Japanese students was directly influenced by the microsystem. Our findings also suggest distinct patterns between American and Japanese students. While American students exhibited a direct impact from the microsystem, Japanese students' reading motivation was influenced by several systems, including the microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. We explained that the observed unique patterns between American and Japanese students could be due to cultural differences. We identified several effective ways to motivate students to read.
This study introduces a breakthrough achievement of 0.1-Gb/mm2 wing-shaped high-density embedded 3-D via resistive random access memory (Via RRAM) in TSMC's 16-nm FinFET CMOS logic process. The 3-D ...Via RRAM cell is vertically structured as a 1T10R configuration; these ten switchable resistive unit cells stacked across five copper layers. Notably, it seamlessly integrates with standard FinFET CMOS logic processes without additional masking or process steps. Also, the set/reset operations and the resistance distributions are analyzed. Importantly, the 3-D Via RRAM shows good scalability and adaptability in more metal layers and advanced structure of new technologies, such as GAA and complementary FET (CFET). Summarily, the innovative CMOS logic-compatible 3-D Via RRAM is developed for system on a chip (SoC), high-performance microcontroller units (MCUs), and advanced embedded CMOS logic applications.
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