The investigation of the prediction of disease population is a noticeable exploration topic in the field of sciences. As a type of neurological disease, the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's ...disease are still difficult to accurately study. In this paper, a method is proposed to forecast the number of incident cases (NumIn), incidence rate (InRa), the number of prevalent cases (NumPr), and prevalence rate (PrRa) of Parkinson's disease in ten countries selected. Using past data on the incidence rate, the number of prevalent cases, and the prevalence rate from 1990 to 2019, three types of fractal interpolations with different fractal dimensions are constructed for reconstructing the past data, where the vertical scaling factors are determined by the method proposed in this article. Then, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is employed to forecast the values of NumIn, InRa, NumPr, and PrRa with Parkinson's disease in 2020. Meanwhile, the autoregressive integrated moving average model is used to predict the values compared with the LSTM model. The evaluation metrics employed for error calculation include the root mean square error and the coefficient of determination (R2). According to the proposed optimal criteria, the best predicted results are the average of three types of prediction values based on the LSTM model by analyzing and comparing eight predicted results.
With the continuous evolution of bacteria and the constant use of traditional antibiotics, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and super viruses has attracted worldwide attention. Antimicrobial ...therapy has become the most popular and important research field at present. Coordination Polymer (CP) and/or metal-organic framework (MOF) platforms have the advantages of a high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, have a great antibacterial potential and have been widely used in antibacterial treatment. This paper reviewed the mechanism and antibacterial effect of three typical MOFs (pure Ag-MOFs, hybrid Ag-MOFs, and Ag-containing-polymer @MOFs) in silver-based coordination polymers. At the same time, the existing shortcomings and future views are briefly discussed. The study on the antibacterial efficacy and mechanism of Ag-MOFs can provide a better basis for its clinical application and, meanwhile, open up a novel strategy for the preparation of more advanced Ag-contained materials with antibacterial characteristics.
Houttuyniae herba, the Saururaceae plant
Thunb., has multiple therapeutic effects, including clearing heat, eliminating toxins, reducing swelling, discharging pus, and relieving stagnation. It has a ...long history as an edible and medicinal plant in China. Phytochemical studies show that the main constituents include volatile oil, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Aristolactam is a major alkaloid with a structure similar to toxic aristolochic acids. However, there has been no systematic study on aristolochic acids and alkaloids in Houttuyniae herba. Therefore, in this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously detect seven alkaloids and five aristolochic acids in Houttuyniae herba from different origins. Six alkaloids (O-demethyl nornucifrine, N-nornucifrine, aristololactam AII, aristololactam FI, aristololactam BII, cepharadione B) were found and quantitatively determined in 75 batches of samples. Meanwhile, no aristolochic acids or aristololactams were found in Houttuyniae herba at a limit of detection (LOD) of ≤4 ng/mL. The method developed was fully validated in terms of LOD, limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, precision, accuracy, and stability. These data clarify the content of the above safety-related components in Houttuyniae herba and provide a reference for further research into its safety.
Epidermal stratification of the mammalian skin requires proliferative basal progenitors to generate intermediate cells that separate from the basal layer and are replaced by post-mitotic cells. ...Although Wnt signaling has been implicated in this developmental process, the mechanism underlying Wnt-mediated regulation of basal progenitors remains elusive. Here we show that Wnt secreted from proliferative basal cells is not required for their differentiation. However, epidermal production of Wnts is essential for the formation of the spinous layer through modulation of a BMP-FGF signaling cascade in the dermis. The spinous layer defects caused by disruption of Wnt secretion can be restored by transgenically expressed Bmp4. Non-cell autonomous BMP4 promotes activation of FGF7 and FGF10 signaling, leading to an increase in proliferative basal cell population. Our findings identify an essential BMP-FGF signaling axis in the dermis that responds to the epidermal Wnts and feedbacks to regulate basal progenitors during epidermal stratification.
Aberrant expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) has been observed in tumors arising in locations other than thyroid gland, lung and ventral forebrain. However, TTF-1 expression in ...schwannomas has not yet been studied. Meanwhile, a few inconsistent changes in protein expression have been identified between schwannomas and other peripheral nerve sheath tumors. We evaluated TTF-1 expression in 161 schwannomas and 43 other peripheral nervous system lesions, including ganglioneuromas (n = 8), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) (n = 11), neurofibromas (n = 24), and traumatic neuromas (n = 9), using immunohistochemistry and verified it using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to explore TTF-1 expression in peripheral nervous system lesions. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues were obtained for both analyses. In this study, we observed nuclear TTF-1 staining in 109 (67.7%) schwannomas, including 102 of 131 (77.9%) conventional, 1 of 20 (5.0%) cellular and 6 of 10 (60.0%) plexiform schwannomas. Nuclear staining was not observed in normal peripheral nerves and non-schwannoma lesions. qPCR verified the aberrant expression and revealed a correlation between TTF-1 protein and mRNA levels (r = 0.633, P = .003). In conclusion, the data from our study show that TTF-1 is selectively expressed in the majority of schwannomas, particularly the conventional variants. Based on this observation, the TTF-1 protein and mRNA are specifically expressed in schwannomas. This highly aberrant expression of varying amounts of TTF-1 may provide new clues to reveal the pathogenesis of schwannoma.
•TTF-1 was specially expressed in 68% of schwannomas.•A few cellular schwannomas expressed TTF-1.•All other peripheral nervous system lesions and the normal peripheral nervous tissues were TTF-1 negative.•The TTF-1 gene may be transcriptionally activated in schwannomas.
The tongue is one of the major structures involved in human food intake and speech. Tongue malformations such as aglossia, microglossia, and ankyloglossia are congenital birth defects, greatly ...affecting individuals' quality of life. However, the molecular basis of the tissue-tissue interactions that ensure tissue morphogenesis to form a functional tongue remains largely unknown. Here we show that ShhCre-mediated epithelial deletion of Wntless (Wls), the key regulator for intracellular Wnt trafficking, leads to lingual hypoplasia in mice. Disruption of epithelial Wnt production by Wls deletion in epithelial cells led to a failure in lingual epidermal stratification and loss of the lamina propria and the underlying superior longitudinal muscle in developing mouse tongues. These defective phenotypes resulted from a reduction in epithelial basal cells positive for the basal epidermal marker protein p63 and from impaired proliferation and differentiation in connective tissue and paired box 3 (Pax3)- and Pax7-positive muscle progenitor cells. We also found that epithelial Wnt production is required for activation of the Notch signaling pathway, which promotes proliferation of myogenic progenitor cells. Notch signaling in turn negatively regulated Wnt signaling during tongue morphogenesis. We further show that Pax7 is a direct Notch target gene in the embryonic tongue. In summary, our findings demonstrate a key role for the lingual epithelial signals in supporting the integrity of the lamina propria and muscular tissue during tongue development and that a Wnt/Notch/Pax7 genetic hierarchy is involved in this development.
has a long history of medicinal and edible homology in China. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and purulent discharge, diuresis, and relieving gonorrhea. It is ...mainly distributed in the central, southeastern, and southwestern provinces of China.
has been designated by the National Ministry of Health of China as a dual-use plant for both food and medicine. Comprising volatile oils, flavonoids, and alkaloids as its primary constituents,
harbors aristolactams, a prominent subclass of alkaloids. Notably, the structural affinity of aristolactams to aristolochic acids is discernible, the latter known for its explicit toxicological effects. Additionally, the safety study on
mainly focused on the ethanol, methanol, or aqueous extract. In this study, both zebrafish and mice were used to evaluate the acute toxicity of the total alkaloids extracts from
(HHTAE). The zebrafish experiment showed that a high concentration (0.1 mg/mL) of HHTAE had a lethal effect on zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the mice experiment results showed that, even at a higher dose of 2000 mg/kg, HHTAE was not toxic. In conclusion, HHTAE was of low safety risk.
Abstract
We present
and
maps of six nearby star-forming galaxies, NGC 253, NGC 1068, IC 342, M82, M83, and NGC 6946, obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the MALATANG survey. ...All galaxies were mapped in the central 2′ × 2′ region at 14″ (FWHM) resolution (corresponding to linear scales of ∼0.2–1.0 kpc). The
L
IR
–
L
′
dense
relation, where the dense gas is traced by the
and the
emission, measured in our sample of spatially resolved galaxies is found to follow the linear correlation established globally in galaxies within the scatter. We find that the luminosity ratio,
L
IR
/
L
′
dense
, shows systematic variations with
L
IR
within individual spatially resolved galaxies, whereas the galaxy-integrated ratios vary little. A rising trend is also found between
L
IR
/
L
′
dense
ratio and the warm-dust temperature gauged by the 70
μ
m/100
μ
m flux ratio. We find that the luminosity ratios of IR/HCN (4–3) and IR/HCO
+
(4–3), which can be taken as a proxy for the star formation efficiency (SFE) in the dense molecular gas (SFE
dense
), appear to be nearly independent of the dense gas fraction (
f
dense
) for our sample of galaxies. The SFE of the total molecular gas (SFE
mol
) is found to increase substantially with
f
dense
when combining our data with those on local (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies and high-
z
quasars. The mean
line ratio measured for the six targeted galaxies is 0.9 ± 0.6. No significant correlation is found for the
ratio with the star formation rate as traced by
L
IR
, nor with the warm-dust temperature, for the different populations of galaxies.
Refraction is an important factor influencing radiative transfer since it can modify the propagation trajectory and polarization states of lights; therefore, it is necessary to quantitively evaluate ...the effect of atmospheric refraction on radiative transfer process. To this end, a new atmospheric radiative transfer model including refraction process is proposed. The model accuracy is validated against benchmark results, literature results, and well‐tested radiative transfer models such as discrete coordinate method and RT3/PolRadtran. The impact of atmospheric refraction on both polarized radiance and fluxes is discussed for pure Rayleigh scattering atmosphere, atmosphere with aerosol, and cloud. The results show that atmospheric refraction has a significant influence on both the radiance and polarization states of diffuse light, where the relative change of the radiance of reflected light and transmitted light due to refraction can achieve 6.3% and 7.4% for Rayleigh scattering atmosphere, 7.2% and 7.8% for atmosphere with aerosol, and 6.2% and 6.8% for cloudy atmosphere, respectively. The relative change of the degree of polarization ranges from near zero in the horizon to 9.5% near neutral points. The angular distribution pattern of the relative change of the radiance for atmosphere with aerosol and cloud is very similar to that for pure Rayleigh scattering case, where its magnitude decreases gradually with the increasing of zenith angle for reflected light; but for transmitted light, the variation characteristics is opposite. The impact of refraction is gradually enhanced with the increasing of solar zenith angles and the optical depth of aerosol and cloud. As the wavelength of incident light increases, the impact declines rapidly for Rayleigh scattering medium. The relative change of the fluxes due to refraction is most notable for Middle Latitude Winter profile (about 8.2043% and 7.3225% for the transmitted and reflected light, respectively, at 0.35 µm). With increasing the optical depth of aerosol, the influence of refraction on the fluxes is gradually enhanced. For cloudy atmosphere, the relative changes of the fluxes due to refraction are not very sensitive to the variation of cloud optical depth and effective radius of cloud drops.
Key Points
A radiative transfer model considering atmospheric refraction
The model was validated by the existed models and published results
Effect of refraction on radiance field was simulated for different conditions
PDF
