Due to the diversity of the lattice parameter ratio c/a of hexagonal structure and precipitation mechanism, a systematic overview of this transformation has not been fully established, which draws ...back the attempt to control crystallographic features of the precipitates and microstructures of applied metals and alloys. Here, a comparative investigation to the crystallography of isothermal and athermal precipitations occurring in the HCP−BCC system was demonstrated in a full range of the lattice parameter ratio by using an invariant deformation element (IDE) model. It was then proposed that a precipitation in the HCP−BCC system could be either of the isothermal type if the observed habit plane Miller index falls into a zone axis of BCC (w ≠ 0) or HCP 211¯0, or the athermal type when it is found to locate in a zone axis of BCC <11w(w = 0) or HCP 0001. The crystallographic investigation on the precipitations in the HCP−BCC system in a full range of the lattice parameter may be a practical guide for computing material science when building a crystallographic interface model under an optimised orientation relationship, which is necessary to minimise the transformation system energy.
Due to the persistence of metals in the ecosystem and their threat to all living organisms, effects of heavy metal on soil microbial communities were widely studied. However, little was known about ...the interactions among microorganisms in heavy metal-contaminated soils. In the present study, microbial communities in Non (CON), moderately (CL) and severely (CH) contaminated soils were investigated through high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16s rRNA gene amplicons, and networks were constructed to show the interactions among microbes. Results showed that the microbial community composition was significantly, while the microbial diversity was not significantly affected by heavy metal contamination. Bacteria showed various response to heavy metals. Bacteria that positively correlated with Cd, e.g. Acidobacteria_Gp and Proteobacteria_thiobacillus, had more links between nodes and more positive interactions among microbes in CL- and CH-networks, while bacteria that negatively correlated with Cd, e.g. Longilinea, Gp2 and Gp4 had fewer network links and more negative interactions in CL and CH-networks. Unlike bacteria, members of the archaeal domain, i.e. phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota, class Thermoprotei and order Thermoplasmatales showed only positive correlation with Cd and had more network interactions in CH-networks. The present study indicated that (i) the microbial community composition, as well as network interactions was shift to strengthen adaptability of microorganisms to heavy metal contamination, (ii) archaea were resistant to heavy metal contamination and may contribute to the adaption to heavy metals. It was proposed that the contribution might be achieved either by improving environment conditions or by cooperative interactions.
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•Heavy metals were the most important factor affecting microbes.•Microbial interactions were changed in response to heavy metal contamination.•Bacteria showed diverse changes in response to heavy metal contamination.•Archaea were tolerant to heavy metals.•Microbes adapt to heavy metal contamination through their interactions.
In this paper, we study strong convergence of the algorithm for solving classical variational inequalities problem with Lipschitz-continuous and monotone mapping in real Hilbert space. The algorithm ...is inspired by Tseng’s extragradient method and the viscosity method with a simple step size. A strong convergence theorem for our algorithm is proved without any requirement of additional projections and the knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the mapping. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to show the efficiency and advantage of the proposed algorithm.
Many methods have been proposed to improve the performance of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition but seldom consider the issues in real-world recognition systems, such as the ...invariance under target translation, the invariance under speckle variation in different observations, and the tolerance of pose missing in training data. In this letter, we investigate the capability of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with three types of data augmentation operations in SAR target recognition. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. The best performance is obtained by using the CNN trained by all types of augmentation operations, showing that it is a practical approach for target recognition in challenging conditions of target translation, random speckle noise, and missing pose.
Plants are subjected to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses in life. These can induce changes in transcriptomics and metabolomics, resulting in changes to root and leaf exudates and, in turn, ...altering the plant-associated microbial community. Emerging evidence demonstrates that changes, especially the increased abundance of commensal microbes following stresses, can be beneficial for plant survival and act as a legacy, enhancing offspring fitness. However, outstanding questions remain regarding the microbial role in plant defense, many of which may now be answered utilizing a novel synthetic community approach. In this article, building on our current understanding on stress-induced changes in plant microbiomes, we propose a ‘DefenseBiome’ concept that informs the design and construction of beneficial microbial synthetic communities for improving fundamental understanding of plant–microbial interactions and the development of plant probiotics.
The recent advances in using synthetic communities together with metagenomics and metabolomics has begun to unravel mechanistic understanding of how stressed plants modulate their microbiomes.Stresses change plant transcriptomics and metabolomics below and above ground. Molecules such as flavonoids, coumarins, and other organic compounds have been recognized as plant signals that shape host microbiomes.A crucial regulating role of the interactions between the microbiome and plant immune system in stress tolerance is emerging. Experimental validation of such interactions and determination of how they influence plant fitness should now be prioritized.The plant-associated microbes that increase in abundance by plant stresses, coined the ‘DefenseBiome’, could benefit plant health and be used for designing functionally reliable synthetic communities to improve plant fitness.
In order to analyze the application effect of bridge pile foundation in Yushu permafrost area, this paper uses the research methods of theoretical analysis, model testing, and numerical simulation to ...collect soil samples in the Yushu area, study various indicators of frozen soil, simulate different frozen soil foundations in the Yushu area, and study different seismic waves under the influence of different temperatures. The seismic response mechanism of bridge pile foundations in the Yushu permafrost region under the influence of loading mode, soil material, and single pile in different permafrost regions is analyzed, and the dynamic response and mechanical nonlinear characteristics of displacement and deformation under different seismic forces are obtained. The simulation results show that under the influence of different temperatures, different seismic wave loading methods, and different soil quality single piles, the bridge pile foundation in the Yushu permafrost area has obvious seismic response laws and obvious mechanical nonlinear characteristics. Under the influence of permafrost material, most single piles have response coefficients of between 0 and 1.
This paper presents an extension of the integrated time-chirp rate analysis technique, known as the parameterized centroid frequency-chirp rate distribution (PCFCRD), for noisy multicomponent linear ...frequency modulated signals analysis. The PCFCRD is based on a newly defined correlation function and its auto term accumulation is two-dimensionally coherent. The principle, cross term characteristic, implementation, properties, parameter selection criterion, antinoise performance, and estimation accuracy are analyzed for the PCFCRD. In this paper, comparisons with the coherently integrated cubic phase function, maximum likelihood method, and Lv's distribution are performed. With mathematic analyses and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the PCFCRD outperforms these three representative counterparts. Further, by combining with analyses of the PCFCRD, several unclear mechanisms of the constant delay introduction are mathematically interpreted, especially quantitative influences on the chirp rate resolution and theoretical antinoise performance.
The autonomous vehicle (AV) is expected to dramatically increase road safety. Understanding the public's initial perceptions and acceptance of AV is imperative because these aspects are likely to ...determine the future evolution of AVs. This study focuses on public perceptions and acceptance of the two highest levels of vehicle automation - highly autonomous vehicle (HAV) and fully autonomous vehicle (FAV). We drew from the conversation on trust and developed a psychological model to explain three acceptance measures, namely, general acceptance, behavioral intention to use, and willingness to pay (WTP). Using a between-subject survey (N = 742), we determined that the respondents held a stronger belief of benefits from FAV than from HAV. Trust in AV retained a direct effect as well as an indirect effect (mainly through perceived benefit) on the three acceptance measures. In comparison with perceived risk, perceived benefit exerted a higher direct effect on AV acceptance and a higher mediating effect on the trust-acceptance relationship. A prediction analysis further demonstrated that the model exhibited acceptable predictive capability for public acceptance. We drew certain implications for increasing AV acceptance.
We demonstrated the metabolic benefits of Parabacteroides distasonis (PD) on decreasing weight gain, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Treatment with ...live P. distasonis (LPD) dramatically altered the bile acid profile with elevated lithocholic acid (LCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and increased the level of succinate in the gut. In vitro cultivation of PD demonstrated its capacity to transform bile acids and production of succinate. Succinate supplementation in the diet decreased hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice via the activation of intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN). Gavage with a mixture of LCA and UDCA reduced hyperlipidemia by activating the FXR pathway and repairing gut barrier integrity. Co-treatment with succinate and LCA/UDCA mirrored the benefits of LPD. The binding target of succinate was identified as fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, the rate-limiting enzyme in IGN. The succinate and secondary bile acids produced by P. distasonis played key roles in the modulation of host metabolism.
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•Parabacteroides distasonis alleviates obesity and obesity-related dysfunctions in mice.•P. distasonis generates succinate and secondary bile acids in the gut.•P. distasonis activates intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) and FXR pathways in the gut.•Succinate is a ligand of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, the rate-limiting enzyme in IGN.
Wang et al. report the metabolic benefits of gut commensal Parabacteroides distasonis via secondary bile acid-activated FXR signaling and succinate-activated intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN). Succinate binds fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, the rate-limiting enzyme in IGN.
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