In order to implement the national need for the optimal allocation of power resources, power load forecasting, as an important research topic, has important theoretical and practical significance. ...The purpose of this study is to construct a prediction model considering climate factors based on a large amount of historical data, and to prove that the prediction accuracy is related to both climate factors and load regularity. The results of load forecasting are affected by many climate factors, so firstly the climate variables affecting load forecasting are screened. Secondly, a load prediction model based on the IPSO-Elman network learning algorithm is constructed by taking the difference between the predicted value of the neural network and the actual value as the fitness function of particle swarm optimization. In view of the great influence of weights and thresholds on the prediction accuracy of the Elman neural network, the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is used to optimize parameters in order to improve the prediction accuracy of ELMAN neural network. Thirdly, prediction with and without climate factors is compared and analyzed, and the prediction accuracy of the model compared by using cosine distance and various error indicators. Finally, the stability discriminant index of historical load regularity is introduced to prove that the accuracy of the prediction model is related to the regularity of historical load in the forecast area. The prediction method proposed in this paper can provide reference for power system scheduling.
Steud is an essential oriental folk medicine used for healing cancer, edema and tuberculosis. Recently, its anticancer activitity has attracted more attention. A volume of research has indicated that ...diterpenoids are the major anticancer active constituents from this medicinal herb. In this review, we aimed to provide a summary of the promising anticancer diterpenoids from this plant; many diterpenoids mentioned in this article are newly discovered diterpenoids. According to the carbon skeleton and substituents, they can be classified into eight subtypes:
-abietane, daphnane, tigliane, ingenane,
-atisane,
-rosane,
-kaurane, and lathyrane. Futhermore, their key anticancer mechanisms and protein targets of these compounds will be discussed. These natural diterpenoids could provide a reservoir for drug discovery.
(MG) and
(MJ), both generally known as Huangqi in China, are two perennial herbals widely used in variety diseases. However, there were still some differences in the chemical ingredients between MG ...and MJ. In this paper, metabolomics combined with the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to contrastively analyze the chemical constituents between MG and MJ. As a result, principal component analysis showed that MG and MJ were separated clearly. A total of 53 chemical markers were successfully identified for the discrimination of MG and MJ. Of them, the contents of 36 components including Astragaloside I~III, Astragaloside IV, Agroastragaloside I, etc. in MJ were significantly higher than those in MG. On the contrary, the contents of 17 other components including coumaric acid, formononetin, sophoricoside, etc. in MG were obviously higher than those in MJ. The results showed that the distinctive constituents in MG and MJ were remarkable, and MJ may own stronger pharmacological activities than MG. In a word, MG and MJ may be treated as two different herbs. This paper demonstrated that metabolomics was a vitally credible technology to rapidly screen the characteristic chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine.
The water-soluble polysaccharide (CPP), with a molecular mass of 1.1
×
10
4
Da, was obtained from the roots of
Codonopsis pilosula. Structure feature investigation by a combination of chemical and ...instrumental analysis revealed that CPP had a backbone consisting of (1
→
3)-linked-β-
d-galactopyranosyl, (1
→
2, 3)-linked-β-
d-galactopyranosyl and (1
→
3)-linked-α-
d-rhamnopyranosyl residues, which were branched with two glycosyl residues composed of α-
l-arabinose-(1
→
5)-α-
l-arabinose(1
→
linked residues at the O-2 position of galactosyl along the main chain in the ratio of 1:1:2:1:1. Preliminary immunological tests in vitro showed CPP could stimulate concanavalin A (ConA)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.
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•Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can simplify the purification process of polysaccharides.•Taking full advantage of the high density and viscosity characteristics of DESs.•Proposed ...method promotes solvent infiltration for high-efficiency extraction.•Proposed method effectively guarantees the yield and purity of polysaccharides.•Proposed method is more consistent with the principles of green and precise extraction.
The water extraction and ethanol precipitation method is an extraction method based on the solubility characteristics of polysaccharides that offers wide applicability in the extraction and separation of plant polysaccharides. However, this method leads to large amounts of proteins, nucleic acids, pigments, and other impurities in the polysaccharides products, which makes downstream purification complicated and time-consuming. In this study, a green, high-density natural deep eutectic solvents was used for the high-purity extraction and separation of polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao roots under ultrasound-assisted conditions. In this study, 16 different natural deep eutectic solvents were designed to screen the best solvent for extracting Astragalus polysaccharides (APSs). Based on the yield and recovery of APSs, a natural deep eutectic solvents composed of choline chloride and oxalic acid with a molar ratio of 1:2 was selected. The related factors affecting polysaccharides extraction and solvent precipitation were investigated. To improve the operating methodology, single-factor trials, a Plackett-Burman design, and a Box-Behnken design were used. The optimal extraction process conditions were obtained as follows: water content of 55%, liquid–solid ratio of 24 mL/g, ultrasonic irradiation time of 54 min, ultrasonic irradiation temperature of 50 °C, ultrasonic irradiation power of 480 W, ethanol precipitation time of 24 h, and ethanol concentration of 75%. Under optimal extraction conditions, the recovery of APSs was 61.4 ± 0.6 mg/g. Considering the special matrix characteristics of A. membranaceus var. Mongholicus roots, physical-technology-based ultrasonic waves promote penetration, and the mass transfer function also solves the bottleneck of high-viscosity deep eutectic solvents in the extraction stage. In comparison with the conventional method, the proposed method based on deep eutectic solvents isolation can significantly increase APSs recovery, which is beneficial to simplifying the process of polysaccharides purification by using solvent properties to separate extracts and reduce impurities in APSs.
Soil moisture plays a vital role for the understanding of hydrological, meteorological, and climatological land surface processes. To meet the need of real time global soil moisture datasets, a Soil ...Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) has been developed at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to produce a one-stop shop for soil moisture observations from all available satellite sensors. What makes the SMOPS unique is its near real time global blended soil moisture product. Since the first version SMOPS publicly released in 2010, the SMOPS has been updated twice based on the users’ feedbacks through improving retrieval algorithms and including observations from new satellite sensors. The version 3.0 SMOPS has been operationally released since 2017. Significant differences in climatological averages lead to remarkable distinctions in data quality between the newest and the older versions of SMOPS blended soil moisture products. This study reveals that the SMOPS version 3.0 has overwhelming advantages of reduced data uncertainties and increased correlations with respect to the quality controlled in situ measurements. The new version SMOPS also presents more robust agreements with the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA_CCI) soil moisture datasets. With the higher accuracy, the blended data product from the new version SMOPS is expected to benefit the hydrological, meteorological, and climatological researches, as well as numerical weather, climate, and water prediction operations.
The water-soluble polysaccharide (POP), with a molecular mass of 2.4×104Da, was obtained from the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus. Structure features of the purified polysaccharide were ...investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis, such as methylation analysis, Smith degradation, GC-MS, 13C and 1H NMR and FTIR. The results indicated that the backbone of POP was composed of (1→6)-linked-α-d-galactopyranosyl and (1→2,6)-linked-α-d-galactopyranosyl residues, which were terminated with a single terminal (1→)-β-d-glucose residue at the O-2 position of galactosyl along the main chain in the ratio of 1:1:1. Preliminary tests in vitro showed POP is capable of enhancing concanavalin A (ConA)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lymphocyte proliferation, which suggested that POP could be a potential immunostimulating agent for use in functional foods or medicine against both pathogens and cancer.
Extreme bradycardia (EB), extreme tachycardia (ET), ventricular tachycardia (VT), and ventricular flutter (VF) are the four types of life-threatening arrhythmias, which are symptoms of cardiovascular ...diseases. Therefore, in this study, a method of life-threatening arrhythmia recognition is proposed based on pulse rate variability (PRV). First, noise and interference are wiped out from the arterial blood pressure (ABP), and the PRV signal is extracted. Then, 19 features are extracted from the PRV signal, and 15 features with highly important and significant variation were selected by random forest (RF). Finally, the back-propagation neural network (BPNN), extreme learning machine (ELM), and decision tree (DT) are used to build, train, and test classifiers to detect life-threatening arrhythmias. The experimental data are obtained from the MIMIC/Fantasia and the 2015 Physiology Net/CinC Challenge databases. The experimental results show that the DT classifier has the best average performance with accuracy and kappa coefficient (
) of 98.76 ± 0.08% and 97.59 ± 0.15%, which are higher than those of the BPNN (
= 94.85 ± 1.33% and
= 89.95 ± 2.62%) and ELM (
= 95.05 ± 0.14% and
= 90.28 ± 0.28%) classifiers. The proposed method shows better performance in identifying four life-threatening arrhythmias compared to existing methods and has potential to be used for home monitoring of patients with life-threatening arrhythmias.
Objective
ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 2 (
ST8SIA2
) encodes a type II membrane protein that is thought to catalyze the transfer of sialic acid (SA) from CMP-SA to ...N-linked oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. Some population and animal studies have indicated an association between the
ST8SIA2
gene and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is limited information on the correlation between
ST8SIA2
and autistic behavioral symptoms.
Methods
In this study, 69 ASD and 76 normal control children who were age- and sex-matched were recruited.
ST8SIA2
expression and methylation levels were measured by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and pyrosequencing, respectively, and the behavioral phenotypes of ASD children were assessed.
Results
The ASD group had lower
ST8SIA2
gene expression levels than the control group
t
(0.05/2,143)
= 2.582,
p
= 0.011. Moreover,
ST8SIA2
expression levels were positively correlated with daily life skills (
r
s
= 0.381,
p
= 0.008) and negatively associated with stereotyped behaviors in the ASD group (
r
s
= -0.510,
p
= 0.004). The methylation levels of the Chr. 15: 92984625 and Chr. 15: 92998561 sites of the
ST8SIA2
gene in ASD children were higher than those of controls. The Chr. 15: 92984625 site was positively correlated with the stereotyped behaviors of ASD children (
r
s
= 0.41,
p
= 0.039).
Conclusion
This study provides a scientific basis to elucidate the relationship between the
ST8SIA2
gene and behavioral phenotypes of ASD.
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