The anti-aging protein Klotho plays a protective role in kidney disease, but its potential as a biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is controversial. Additionally, the main pathways through ...which Klotho exerts its effects on CKD remain unclear. Therefore, we used bioinformatics and clinical data analysis to determine its role in CKD.
We analyzed the transcriptomic and clinical data from the Nephroseq v5 database and found that the Klotho gene was mainly expressed in the tubulointerstitium, and its expression was significantly positively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and negatively correlated with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in CKD. We further found that Klotho gene expression was mainly negatively associated with inflammatory response and positively associated with lipid metabolism in CKD tubulointerstitium by analyzing two large sample-size CKD tubulointerstitial transcriptome datasets. By analyzing 10-year clinical data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016, we also found that Klotho negatively correlated with inflammatory biomarkers and triglyceride and positively correlated with eGFR in the CKD population. Mediation analysis showed that Klotho could improve renal function in the general population by modulating the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism, while in the CKD population, it primarily manifested by mediating the inflammatory response. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis showed that the optimal concentration range for Klotho to exert its biological function was around 1000 pg/ml. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that lower cumulative hazards of all-cause mortality in participants with higher levels of Klotho. We also demonstrated that Klotho could reduce cellular inflammatory response and improve cellular lipid metabolism by establishing an in vitro model similar to CKD.
Our results suggest that Klotho exerts protection in CKD, which may be mainly related to the regulation of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism, and it can serve as a potential biomarker for CKD.
Based on existing triaxial compression experimental data, a new empirical failure criterion with wide applicability was proposed considering hydrostatic pressure, second stress invariance, and ...maximum shear stress. Four fitting evaluation indicators were used to verify the consistency of the new failure criterion, and the differences with the other 6 failure criteria were discussed. The characteristics of the new failure criteria in the principal stress space were finally analyzed. The results indicate that (1) the new failure criterion exhibits strong predictive ability for triaxial experiments and has good applicability for both intact and jointed rocks; (2) the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the failure surface exhibits a non-linear trend, and different hydrostatic pressure also exhibits different distribution patterns on the deviatoric stress plane, with a distribution characteristic pattern of hexagonal snowflake-regular hexagon. The maximum shear stress has a torsional effect on the new criterion, in the three-dimensional failure surface. The parameters a and b of the rock have an impact on the failure surface morphology of the new criterion function on the offset surface.
Long-term change of sea surface temperature （SST） in the China Seas from 1900 to 2006 is examined based on two different observation datasets （HadlSSTI and HadSST3）. Similar to the Atlantic, SST in ...the China Seas has been well observed during the past 107 years. A comparison between the reconstructed （HadISSTI） and un-interpolated （HadSST3） datasets shows that the SST wanning trends from both datasets are consistent with each other in most of the China Seas. The warming trends are stronger in winter than in summer, with a maximum rate of SST increase exceeding 2.7℃ （100year）-I in the East China Sea and the Taiwan Strait during winter based on HadISSTI. However, the SST from both datasets experienced a sudden decrease after 1999 in the China Seas. The estimated trend from HadlSSTI is stronger than that fi＇om HadSST3 in the East China Sea and the east of Taiwan Island, where the difference in the linear SST warming trends are as large as about 1℃ （100year）-I when using respectively HadISST1 and HadSST3 datasets. When compared to the linear winter warnling trend of the land surface air temperature （1.6℃ （100 year）-1）, HadSST3 shows a more reasonable trend of less than 2.1℃（ 100 year）-1 than HadISST 1 ＇s trend of larger than 2.7℃ （ 100 year）-1 at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The restllts also indicate large uncertainties in the estimate of SST warming patterns.
Observational analysis and model experiments show that the sea surface temperature anomaly associated with the Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOBM), which persists from spring to summer, can generate ...significant circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) in the Northern Hemisphere summer midlatitude atmosphere. A warm IOBM can induce a new atmospheric heating source in the south Asia through a positive feedback. An enhanced Indian summer monsoon through the increased precipitation in the south Asia induces an atmospheric heating source there. This new atmospheric heating source generates an anomalous high to its northwest over the western‐central Asia, which in turn generates an eastward downstream atmospheric wave train, forming the CGT.
The Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) forms in the deep mixed layer north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and spreads northward into the subtropical gyre. The subtropical South Indian ...Countercurrent (SICC) flows eastward on the north flank of the thick SAMW layer within 22° – 32°S from south of Madagascar at around 25°S, 50°E toward western Australia. The dynamical relation of the SAMW and the southern branch of the SICC (30° – 32°S) is investigated in this work based on the monthly mean Argo data from 2004 to 2019. The physical properties of the SAMW and its pathway from the formation region are described. Most of the SAMW in the Indian Ocean sector originates from the deep mixed layers of the southeastern Indian Ocean (about 40°S, 85° – 105°E) and moves along the subtropical gyre. It takes around ten years to arrive east of Madagascar Island preserving its low potential vorticity characteristics. As a thick layer with homogeneous vertical properties, the SAMW forces the upper pycnocline to shoal, and the associated eastward shear results in the surface-intensified SICC. The SAMW forms a tongue-shaped thickness pattern, which influences the southern branch of the SICC above the northern flank of the thickest SAMW layer between 24°S and 32°S. The seasonal, interannual, and decade variations of the southern branch of the SICC are closely related to the meridional gradient of the underlying SAMW thickness. The SAMW thickened and strengthened from 2005 to 2015, thereby anchoring a strengthened SICC. The interannual covariability of the SAMW and SICC further supports the SAMW’s role in driving SICC variability.
The authors present a comprehensive assessment of the observed atmospheric response to SST variability modes in a unified approach using the Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Analysis (GEFA). This ...study confirms a dominant atmospheric response to the tropical SST variability associated with ENSO. A further analysis shows that the classical response to ENSO consists of two parts, one responding to the tropical Pacific ENSO mode and the other to the tropical Indian Ocean monopole (IOM) mode. The Pacific ENSO generates a significant baroclinic Rossby wave response locally over the tropical Pacific as well as equivalent barotropic wave train responses remotely into the extratropics. The IOM mode forces a strongly zonally symmetric response throughout the tropics and the extratropics. Furthermore, modest atmospheric responses to other oceanic modes were identified. For example, the North Pacific SST variability mode appears to generate an equivalent barotropic warm SST-ridge response locally over the Aleutian low with significant downstream influence on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), whereas the North Atlantic tripole SST mode tends to force a local response on NAO. Finally, this pilot study serves as a demonstration of the potential utility of GEFA in identifying multiple surface feedbacks to the atmosphere in the observation.
Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the diseases that endanger the health of the elderly population. Klotho protein is a hormone with anti-aging effects. A few studies have discussed the relationship between ...Klotho and OP. However, there is still a lack of research on larger populations. This study aims to evaluate the association between OP and Klotho in American postmenopausal women.
This is a retrospective study. We searched the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database and collected data of 3 survey cycles, finally involving 871 postmenopausal women over 50 years old in the present study. All participants took dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examination and serum Klotho testing at the time of investigation. After adjusting the possible confounding variables, a multivariate regression model was employed to estimate the relationship between OP and Klotho proteins. Besides, the P for trend and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to examine the threshold effect and calculate the inflection point.
Factors influencing the occurrence of OP included age, ethnicity, body mass index and Klotho levels. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the serum Klotho concentration was lower in OP patients than that in participants without OP (ORlog
Klotho = 0.568, P = 0.027). The C-index of the prediction model built was 0.765, indicating good prediction performance. After adjusting the above-mentioned four variables, P values for trend showed significant differences between groups. RCSs revealed that when the Klotho concentration reached 824.09 pg/ml, the risk of OP decreased drastically.
Based on the analysis of the data collected from the NHANES database, we propose a correlation between Klotho and postmenopausal OP. A higher serum Klotho level is related to a lower incidence of OP. The findings of the present study can provide guidance for research on diagnosis and risk assessment of OP.
Decadal variability in the interior subtropical North Pacific is examined in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled model (CM2.1). Superimposed on a broad, classical subtropical gyre is a ...narrow jet called the subtropical countercurrent (STCC) that flows northeastward against the northeast trade winds. Consistent with observations, the STCC is anchored by mode water characterized by its low potential vorticity (PV). Mode water forms in the deep winter mixed layer of the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE) east of Japan and flows southward riding on the subtropical gyre and preserving its low-PV characteristic. As a thick layer of uniform properties, the mode water forces the upper pycnocline to shoal, and the associated eastward shear results in the surface-intensified STCC.
On decadal time scales in the central subtropical gyre (15°–35°N, 170°E–130°W), the dominant mode of sea surface height variability is characterized by the strengthening and weakening of the STCC because of variations in mode water ventilation. The changes in mode water can be further traced upstream to variability in the mixed layer depth and subduction rate in the KOE region. Both the mean and anomalies of STCC induce significant sea surface temperature anomalies via thermal advection. Clear atmospheric response is seen in wind curls, with patterns suggestive of positive coupled feedback.
In oceanic and coupled models, northeast-slanted bands often appear in anomalies of temperature and circulation at and beneath the surface. The results of this study show that such slanted bands are characteristic of changes in mode water ventilation. Indeed, this natural mode of STCC variability is excited by global warming, resulting in banded structures in sea surface warming.
Catheter-related infection makes up a large part of hospital infection and contributes 80% to all nosocomial urological infection, costing hundreds of millions dollar per year for treatment. ...Biodegradable hydrophilic material incorporating antibiotic substance is a promising way to prevent catheter-related infection. And antimicrobial peptide seems an optimal drug for its desirable antibiotic effect. In the current research, we produced a new kind of antibiotic material by incorporating antimicrobial peptide Bmap-28 with polyurethane PEGU25 and tested its effect on Proteus mirabilis in vitro. Compared with the control group, PEGU25 membrane incorporating Bmap-28 had a significant lower bacteria load after co-cultured with the Proteus mirabilis. And its antibiotic effect could be observed throughout the whole 7-day test. Also the Bmap-28 membrane could delay catheter obstruction caused by encrustation. Our findings reveal that PEGU25 incorporating Bmap-28 can well inhibit bacterial biofilm formation of common pathogens for catheter-related urinary tract infection in vitro, which makes it a promising antibiotic material for medical tubes for urology.
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