In this communication, we report the development of cobalt-sulfide nanosheets film on Ti mesh (Co-S/Ti mesh) via electrodeposition as a novel oxygen evolution anode in basic media. Electrochemical ...experiments suggest that this Co-S/Ti mesh electrode exhibits high catalytic activity and good stability. It needs overpotential of 361mV to drive current density of 10mAcm−2 and its catalytic activity is maintained for at least 20h.
•Co-S nanosheets film electrodeposited on Ti mesh acts as an oxygen evolution anode.•Co-S/Ti mesh exhibits high catalytic activity in basic media.•Co-S/Ti mesh maintains strong electrochemical durability in basic media.
•A freeze/thaw onset detection method based on machine learning was proposed.•The active and passive microwave remote sensing data were combined for freeze/thaw onset detection.•The Random ...Forest-based model outperformed other freeze/thaw onset detection models.•The freeze/thaw cycle variation in Alaska was related to latitude.
In the context of global warming, permafrost degrades gradually. To cope with the instability of the cryosphere, it is very important to strengthen the monitoring of the seasonal freeze–thaw cycle. At present, active and passive microwave remote sensing data are widely used in freeze/thaw (F/T) onset detection. There is some potential to improve accuracy through the combination of active and passive microwave data. Compared with the traditional method for combination, the machine learning algorithm has a stronger nonlinear expression ability. Therefore, it is advisable to use machine learning to combine multi-source data for freeze/thaw onset detection. In this study, the temporal change detection method is applied to SMAP data and ASCAT data respectively for preliminary detection. Then the Random Forest algorithm (RF) is used to combine the preliminary results of active and passive microwave data with site observation to estimate the freeze/thaw onsets more accurately. The method is validated with data obtained in Alaska from 2015 to 2019. The accuracy evaluation shows that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of freeze/thaw onset detection. The predicted distribution of the freeze/thaw cycle indicates that the variation of the freeze–thaw cycle is closely related to latitude. In general, the proposed method based on machine learning is promising in the research of freeze–thaw state monitoring.
Flexural toppling failure is a widespread issue in anti-dip bedding rock slopes. Rock bolts are usually employed to reinforce bedding rock slopes as they are low-cost and efficient. In this technical ...note, a mechanical model based on limit equilibrium theory is proposed to predict the stability of anti-dip bedding rock slopes locally reinforced by rock bolts. By considering a practical case, the proposed model is subsequently verified by comparing its results with numerical results using a discrete element method. Finally, we investigate the influence the positions of rock bolts have on the reinforcement effect. The results show that, for a given bolt angle, the reinforcement effect is controlled by the positions of the rock bolts. In particular, the installation position must start from the superimposed toppling zone (the zone within which the rock layers resemble superimposed cantilever beams). On the other hand, there is no reinforcement effect if the installation position starts from the cantilevered toppling zone (the zone within which the rock layers resemble individual cantilever beams). The method proposed provides theoretical guidance for the design of the reinforcements applied to anti-dip bedding rock slopes. The results produced should also help engineers to gain a better understanding of the reinforcement mechanisms underlying the action of the rock bolts used in anti-dip bedding rock slopes.
•A theoretical model reflecting the effect of local rock bolts is proposed.•Reinforcement effect of rock bolts relies on the reinforcement position.•Influence of the height of rock layer on the reinforcement effect is discussed.
A comparative study of the photocatalytic performance for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) by ZnIn2S4 under visible light irradiation was investigated based on the ...adsorption of dyes, the active species generated during the photocatalytic process and the degradation pathway. The results show that 97.8% of RhB and 5.6% of MO were degraded under the same conditions, respectively. Photocatalytic degradation of RhB was obviously superior to degradation of MO. The adsorption of MO was almost negligible and 56.8% of RhB was adsorbed on ZnIn2S4. Superoxide radical was the key active species, and hydroxyl radical played a supplementary role during photocatalytic process. Different chemical bonds with different bond energies were destroyed when degradation of RhB and MO. Photocatalytic degradation of RhB was superior to that of MO because the excellent adsorptivity of RhB than that of MO, and the C&z.dbd; N bond of RhB was easier destroyed compared with azo bond of MO under the same conditions. The photocatalytic degradation of MO in a system in which superoxide radical was key active species can be improved by adding hole scavengers to inhibit recombination of holes and electrons, which would result in more electrons reducing oxygen to superoxide radical.
To identify and analyse the character and relationship between flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment feature (FIPED), choroidal thickness and choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) network seen on ...optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in Chinese patients.
In the present study, 152 eyes of 144 Chinese patients, who were previously diagnosed with CSCR, were retrospectively studied. Patients' baseline characteristics, the course of CSCR, best-corrected visual acuity, the pattern of CNV on OCTA, FIPED and choroidal thickness detected by enhanced depth imaging-OCT (EDI-OCT) were analysed.
It was disclosed that 7.23% of CSCR patients had CNV. Age and the course of CSCR were found to be correlated with the occurrence of CNV. Among the eyes with CNV network (11 eyes), 100% of them had FIPED, whereas, among the eyes without CNV (141 eyes), 18.04% had FIPED. The maximum width and en-face area of PED were greater in the CNV group compared with that in the non-CNV group (p<0.001). It also was revealed that female gender and a poor vision were risk factors for CNV in eyes with CSCR. The choroidal thickness detected by EDI-OCT was also statistically significant between eyes with CNV and eyes without CNV. The patients who have CNV complicated with FIPED are susceptible to have low vision.
The present research demonstrated that the majority of CNV cases were linked to FIPED, and the thinner thickness of choroid. The greater width and en-face area of PED may point towards the presence of an underlying CNV network.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment pattern of advanced and metastatic NSCLC. A series of ICI based therapies have emerged in the first-line treatment field, but the ...comparative efficacy was unclear.
We searched multiple databases and abstracts of major conference proceedings up to Apri1, 2022 for phase III randomised trials of advanced driver-gene wild type NSCLC patients receiving first-line therapy. Outcomes analyzed included progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and et al.
Thirty-two double-blind RCTs were included, involving 18,656 patients assigned to 22 ICI-based first-line regimens. A series of ICI regiments (including ICI plus chemotherapy), ICI monotherapy, doublet ICIs, doublet ICIs plus chemotherapy) emerged, and showed significant PFS and OS benefit than chemotherapy and chemotherapy + bevacizumab (BEV) for advanced wild-type NSCLC. In comprehensive terms of PFS, chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) were significantly more effective than ICI monotherapy and doublet ICIs. In terms of OS for patients with non-squamous NSCLC, pembrolizumab containing CIT was associated with a median rank of the best regimens, and followed by Atezolizumab+BEV based CIT; while for OS in patients with squamous NSCLC, Cemiplimab and sintilimab based CIT were the most effective regimens. For more than 2 years follow-up, the atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab and durvalumab containing ICI therapy all provide a durable long-term OS benefit over chemotherapy and BEV + chemotherapy.
The findings of the present NMA represent the most comprehensive evidence, which might suggest or provide basis for first-line ICI therapy decision for advanced NSCLC patients without oncogenic driver mutations.
Heat and drought stress, which often occur together, are the main environmental factors limiting the survival and growth of vegetation. Studies on the response of gross primary production (GPP) to ...extreme climate events such as heat and drought are highly significant for the identification of ecologically vulnerable regions, ecological risk assessments, and ecological environmental protection. We got 1982–2017 climatic data from the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit, Norwich, England, and GPP data from National Earth System Science Data Sharing Service Platform, Beijing, China. Using Theil–Sen median trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test, we analyzed trends in temperature and the standardized precipitation/standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices in the eight vegetation regions of China. Additionally, the response of GPP to the single and combined impacts of heat and drought were analyzed using multidimensional copula functions, and GPP reduction probabilities were estimated under different drought levels and heat intensities. The results showed that the probability of a drastic GPP reduction increases with increasing drought levels and heat intensities. The combined impacts of heat and drought on vegetation productivity is greater than the impacts of either drought or heat alone and presents a nonlinear superposition of the two extremes. The impact of heat on GPP is not evident when the drought level is high. The temperate grassland and warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest regions are the most sensitive regions to drought and heat in China. This study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive evaluation of the risk of GPP reduction under the single and combined impacts of heat stress and drought stress.
Extraction of uranium from seawater is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. However, the currently available uranium adsorbents are hampered by co-existing metal ion ...interference. DNAzymes exhibit high selectivity to specific metal ions, yet there is no DNA-based adsorbent for extraction of soluble minerals from seawater. Herein, the uranyl-binding DNA strand from the DNAzyme is polymerized into DNA-based uranium extraction hydrogel (DNA-UEH) that exhibits a high uranium adsorption capacity of 6.06 mg g
with 18.95 times high selectivity for uranium against vanadium in natural seawater. The uranium is found to be bound by oxygen atoms from the phosphate groups and the carbonyl groups, which formed the specific nano-pocket that empowers DNA-UEH with high selectivity and high binding affinity. This study both provides an adsorbent for uranium extraction from seawater and broadens the application of DNA for being used in recovery of high-value soluble minerals from seawater.
•Use modified emergy ecological footprint method to assess sustainability of the wind farm during its whole life cycle.•Uncertainty analysis was conducted to judge the influence on the ecological ...footprint when UEVs of materials in the input data perturbed.•Provide recommendations concerning management for wind farms.
Wind power generation has always been considered as clean energy, according with national ecological civilization construction and responding to climate change. However, from the perspective of resource conservation, wind farms directly or indirectly occupy a large amount of land resources along the entire life cycle. Based on the emergy analysis, this paper estimates the ecological footprint of a wind farm in Dalian, evaluates its sustainability, and analyzes the ecological footprint of the four phases which include wind turbines production and transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition during the life cycle of the wind farm. It was concluded that the emergy carrying capacity of the wind farm was 3879.57 hm2/a, and the emergy ecological footprint was 5117.59 hm2/a. The wind farm was in an ecological deficit. Among the four phases, the ecological footprint of construction was the largest (60.93%), wind turbines production and transportation phase (33.77%) took the second, followed by operation and maintenance (4.59%) and demolition (0.71%). The main contribution of the materials was steel, followed by concrete, ecological protection investment, fiber glass, land occupation and epoxy resin. Finally, in order to illustrate the way to achieve sustainable development of the wind farm, uncertainty analysis and scenario analysis were carried out. It was found that when 62% of the recycled materials were used for wind turbines production, the wind farm realized ecological balance. Reducing the solar transformity (UEV) of steel and concrete can also decrease the ecological footprint of the wind farm.
Background: Cuproptosis induction is seen as a promising alternative for immunotherapies and targeted therapies in breast cancer. The objective of this research was to examine the prognostic and ...biological importance of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: The following methods were used: GSE10072 dataset and TCGA database analysis, differential expression analysis of CRGs, and biological function (BP) and signaling pathway enrichment analysis, prognostic analysis and clinical analysis of CRGs, construction of the prognostic signature and RNA modified genes and miRNA analysis of CRGs in LUAD, immunoinfiltration analysis and immunohistochemical staining of DβH, UBE2D3, SOD1, UBE2D1 and LOXL2. Results: AOC1, ATOX1, CCL8, CCS, COX11, CP, LOXL2, MAP2K2, PDK1, SCO2, SOD1, UBE2D1, UBE2D3 and VEGFA showed significantly higher expression, while ATP7B, DβH, PDE3B, SLC31A2, UBE2D2, UBE2D4 and ULK2 showed lower expression in LUAD tissues than normal tissues. We also found that ATP7B (4%), AOC1 (3%) PDE3B (2%), DβH (2%), CP (1%), ULK2 (1%), PDK1 (1%), LOXL2 (1%) and UBE2D3 (1%) showed higher mutation frequencies. The univariate Cox analysis was used to identify CRGs that have prognostic value. It identified 21 genes that showed significant prognostic value, containing DβH, UBE2D3, SOD1, UBE2D1 and LOXL2. Patients with DβH up–expression have a longer survival time and patients with UBE2D3, SOD1, UBE2D1 and LOXL2 down–expression also have a longer survival time. hsa–miR–29c–3p, hsa–miR–29a–3p, hsa–miR–181c–5p, hsa–miR–1245a, etc., play an important role in the miRNA regulatory network, and in LUAD, miR–29a, miR–29c and miR–181c high expression survival was longer, and miR–1245a low expression survival was longer. We also performed an analysis to examine the relationships between DβH, LOXL2, SOD1, UBE2D1 and UBE2D3 and immune infiltration in LUAD, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and DCs. Conclusion: DβH, UBE2D3, SOD1, UBE2D1, and LOXL2 are potential candidates implicated in LUAD and can be further explored for their application as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for LUAD.
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