Abiotic stresses are major constraints limiting crop growth and production. Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play significant roles in mediating plant resistance to various environmental stresses, including ...heat, drought and salinity. In this study, we explored the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of wheat
in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Gene expression profiles showed that
has relatively high expression levels in wheat leaves at the reproductive stage. Transcript levels of
were substantially up-regulated by heat, dehydration, salinity, low temperature, and multiple phytohormones, but was not induced by brassinosteroids (BR). Subcellular localization analyses revealed that TaHsfA6f is localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of the
gene in
results in improved tolerance to heat, drought and salt stresses, enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and increased accumulation of ABA. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing data demonstrated that
functions through up-regulation of a number of genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling, and other stress-associated genes. Collectively, these results provide evidence that
participates in the regulation of multiple abiotic stresses, and that
could serve as a valuable gene for genetic modification of crop abiotic stress tolerance.
Innate immune cells in the colorectal cancer microenvironment mainly include macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and bone marrow-derived suppressor cells. They play a ...pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression through the secretion of diverse cytokines, chemokines, and other factors that govern these processes. Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, and understanding the role of innate immune cells in the microenvironment of CRC may help to improve therapeutic approaches to CRC and increase the good prognosis. In this review, we comprehensively explore the pivotal role of innate immune cells in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), alongside an extensive evaluation of the current landscape of innate immune cell-based immunotherapies, thereby offering valuable insights for future research strategies and clinical trials.
Plant-based diets have gained attention for their potential benefits on both human health and environmental sustainability. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of ...plant-based dietary patterns with the endogenous metabolites of healthy individuals and identify metabolites that may act as mediators of the associations between dietary intake and modifiable disease risk factors. Adherence to plant-based dietary patterns was assessed for 170 healthy adults using plant-based diet indexes (PDI). Individuals with higher healthful PDI had lower BMI and fasting glucose and higher HDL-C, while those with higher unhealthful PDI had higher BMI, triacylglycerol and fasting glucose and lower HDL-C. Unhealthful PDI was associated with higher levels of several amino acids and biogenic amines previously associated with cardiometabolic diseases and an opposite pattern was observed for healthful PDI. Furthermore, healthful PDI was associated with higher levels of glycerophosphocholines containing very long-chain fatty acids. Glutamate, isoleucine, proline, tyrosine, α-aminoadipate and kynurenine had a statistically significant mediation effect on the associations between PDI scores and LDL-C, HDL-C and fasting glucose. These findings contribute to the growing evidence supporting the role of plant-based diets in promoting metabolic health and shed light on the potential mechanisms explaining their beneficial health effects.
The functional role of Pax7-expressing satellite cells (SCs) in postnatal skeletal muscle development beyond weaning remains obscure. Therefore, the relevance of SCs during prepubertal growth, a ...period after weaning but prior to the onset of puberty, has not been examined. Here, we have characterized mouse skeletal muscle growth during prepuberty and found significant increases in myofiber cross-sectional area that correlated with SC-derived myonuclear number. Remarkably, genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis established that post-weaning juvenile and early adolescent skeletal muscle have markedly different gene expression signatures. These distinctions are consistent with extensive skeletal muscle maturation during this essential, albeit brief, developmental phase. Indelible labeling of SCs with
;
mice demonstrated SC-derived myonuclear contribution during prepuberty, with a substantial reduction at puberty onset. Prepubertal depletion of SCs in
;
mice reduced myofiber size and myonuclear number, and caused force generation deficits to a similar extent in both fast and slow-contracting muscles. Collectively, these data demonstrate SC-derived myonuclear accretion as a cellular mechanism that contributes to prepubertal hypertrophic skeletal muscle growth.
Key message
A spontaneous Robertsonian T4S
l
S·4BL translocation chromosome carrying
Pm66
for powdery mildew resistance was discovered and confirmed by RNA-seq, molecular marker, and in situ ...hybridization analyses.
Powdery mildew caused by
Blumeria graminis
f. sp.
tritici
(
Bgt
) is a severe disease of bread wheat worldwide. Discovery and utilization of resistance genes to powdery mildew from wild relatives of wheat have played important roles in wheat improvement.
Aegilops longissima
, one of the S-genome diploid wild relatives of wheat, is a valuable source of disease and pest resistance for wheat. Chromosome 4S
l
from
Ae
.
longissima
confers moderate resistance to powdery mildew. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq on a putative Chinese Spring (CS)-
Ae
.
longissima
4S
l
(4B) disomic substitution line (TA3465) to develop 4S
l
-specific markers to assist the transfer of a
Bgt
resistance gene from 4S
l
by induced homoeologous recombination. A pairwise comparison of genes between CS and TA3465 demonstrated that a number of genes on chromosome 4BS in CS were not expressed in TA3465. Analysis of 4B- and 4S
l
-specific molecular markers showed that 4BS and 4S
l
L were both missing in TA3465, whereas 4BL and 4S
l
S were present. Further characterization by genomic and fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmed that TA3465 carried a spontaneous Robertsonian T4S
l
S·4BL translocation. Powdery mildew tests showed that TA3465 was resistant to 10 of 16
Bgt
isolates collected from different regions of China, whereas CS was susceptible to all those
Bgt
isolates. The powdery mildew resistance gene(s) in TA3465 was further mapped to the short arm of 4S
l
and designated as
Pm66
.
Coping with the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many countries have implemented public-health measures and movement restrictions to prevent the spread of the virus. However, the ...strict mobility control also brought about production stagnation and market disruption, resulting in a severe worldwide economic crisis. Quantifying the economic stagnation and predicting post-pandemic recovery are imperative issues. Besides, it is significant to examine how the impact of COVID-19 on economic activities varied with industries. As a reflection of enterprises' production output, high-frequency electricity-consumption data is an intuitive and effective tool for evaluating the economic impact of COVID-19 on different industries. In this paper, we quantify and compare economic impacts on the electricity consumption of different industries in eastern China. In order to address this problem, we conduct causal analysis using a difference-in-difference (DID) estimation model to analyze the effects of multi-phase public-health measures. Our model employs the electricity-consumption data ranging from 2019 to 2020 of 96 counties in the Eastern China region, which covers three main economic sectors and their 53 sub-sectors. The results indicate that electricity demand of all industries (other than information transfer industry) rebounded after the initial shock, and is back to pre-pandemic trends after easing the control measures at the end of May 2020. Emergency response, the combination of all countermeasures to COVID-19 in a certain period, affected all industries, and the higher level of emergency response with stricter movement control resulted in a greater decrease in electricity consumption and production. The pandemic outbreak has a negative-lag effect on industries, and there is greater resilience in industries that are less dependent on human mobility for economic production and activities.
The oxidative dehydrogenation of propane, primarily sourced from shale gas, holds promise in meeting the surging global demand for propylene. However, this process necessitates high operating ...temperatures, which amplifies safety concerns in its application due to the use of mixed propane and oxygen. Moreover, these elevated temperatures may heighten the risk of overoxidation, leading to carbon dioxide formation. Here we introduce a microchannel reaction system designed for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane within an aqueous environment, enabling highly selective and active propylene production at room temperature and ambient pressure with mitigated safety risks. A propylene selectivity of over 92% and production rate of 19.57 mmol m
h
are simultaneously achieved. This exceptional performance stems from the in situ creation of a highly active, oxygen-containing Cu catalytic surface for propane activation, and the enhanced propane transfer via an enlarged gas-liquid interfacial area and a reduced diffusion path by establishing a gas-liquid Taylor flow using a custom-made T-junction microdevice. This microchannel reaction system offers an appealing approach to accelerate gas-liquid-solid reactions limited by the solubility of gaseous reactant.
Wheat powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases threatening global wheat production. The wild relatives of wheat constitute rich sources of diversity for powdery mildew resistance. Here, ...we report the map-based cloning of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13 from the wild wheat species Aegilops longissima. Pm13 encodes a mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein that contains an N-terminal-domain of MLKL (MLKL_NTD) domain in its N-terminus and a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase (STK) domain. The resistance function of Pm13 is validated by mutagenesis, gene silencing, transgenic assay, and allelic association analyses. The development of introgression lines with significantly reduced chromosome segments of Ae. longissima encompassing Pm13 enables widespread deployment of this gene into wheat cultivars. The cloning of Pm13 may provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Pm13-mediated powdery mildew resistance and highlight the important roles of kinase fusion proteins (KFPs) in wheat immunity.
Lung cancer is one of the most dangerous cancers in the world. Most lung cancer patients are diagnosed in the middle and later stages, which can lead to poor survival rates. The development of lung ...cancer is often accompanied by abnormal expression of exosomal non-coding RNAs, which means that they have the potential to serve as noninvasive novel molecular markers for lung cancer diagnosis.
For this study, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of science, Science direct, Embase, Cochrane, and Medline databases, and by reviewing published literature, The diagnostic capacity of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) for lung cancer was evaluated. Functional enrichment analysis of miRNA target genes was performed.
The study included 41 papers, a total of 68 studies. More than 60 miRNAs, 9 lncRNAs and 14 circRNAs were involved. The combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.83(95%CI, 0.80~0.86) and 0.83(95% CI,0.79~0.87); 0.71(95% CI,0.68~0.74) and 0.79(95%CI, 0.75~0.82); 0.79(95%CI,0.67~0.87) and 0.81(95%CI,0.74~0.86), and constructed overall subject operating characteristic curves with the summarized area under the curve values of 0.90, 0.82, and 0.86.
Our study shows that exosomes miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs are effective in the diagnosis of lung cancer, providing evidence for studies related to novel lung cancer diagnostic markers.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023457087.
•Surface-level and pressure-level reanalysis products were compared in the modeling.•The model form for each variable was determined individually.•The performance improvements of WHU_CPT are ...significant over China.
Accurate pressure and temperature are indispensable in the GNSS water vapor retrievals. A refined regional empirical model, WHU_CPT, for estimating pressure, temperature and water vapor weighted mean temperature (Tm) with a horizontal resolution of 0.75° over China was developed. We found that the surface level reanalysis products are more reliable in reproducing surface temperature than pressure level products in the model construction. The model form was then determined individually for each meteorological variable by comparing performances of different models and by analyzing the Power Spectra Density of time series. Average RMS of pressure and temperature errors over China in WHU_CPT is about 4.07 hPa and 3.76 K, compared to 5.95 hPa and 5.92 K for GPT, 4.25 hPa and 5.14 K for GPT2, and 4.14 hPa and 5.14 K for GPT2w. Two Tm models were also developed in WHU_CPT. One is an empirical model, WHU_CPT (Tm1), which takes user location and time as inputs and the other one, WHU_CPT (Tm2), which additionally makes use of the measured temperature, is more suitable for users with surface temperature available. The mean RMS of Tm errors over China are about 4.45, 4.19, 3.81 and 2.97 K for the Bevis equation, GPT2w, WHU_CPT (Tm1) and WHU_CPT (Tm2).
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