The paper aims to investigate the influencing factors that drive the temporal and spatial differences of CO
emissions for the transportation sector in China. For this purpose, this study adopts a ...Logistic Mean Division Index (LMDI) model to explore the driving forces of the changes for the transport sector's CO
emissions from a temporal perspective during 2000-2017 and identifies the key factors of differences in the transport sector's CO
emissions of China's 15 cities in four key years (i.e., 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2017) using a multi-regional spatial decomposition model (M-R). Based on the empirical results, it was found that the main forces for affecting CO
emissions of the transport sector are not the same as those from temporal and spatial perspectives. Temporal decomposition results show that the income effect is the dominant factor inducing the increase of CO
emissions in the transport sector, while the transportation intensity effect is the main factor for curbing the CO
emissions. Spatial decomposition results demonstrate that income effect, energy intensity effect, transportation intensity effect, and transportation structure effect are important factors which result in enlarging the differences in city-level CO
emissions. In addition, the less-developed cities and lower energy efficiency cities have greater potential to reduce CO
emissions of the transport sector. Understanding the feature of CO
emissions and the influencing factors of cities is critical for formulating city-level mitigation strategies of the transport sector in China. Overall, it is expected that the level of economic development is the main factor leading to the differences in CO
emissions from a spatial-temporal perspective.
The transport sector is the fourth largest industrial CO
emitter in China, next to power sector, iron and steel industries, and nonmetallic mineral product industry, and plays an important role in ...reducing China's CO
emissions. In this study, a temporal decomposition analysis model, i.e., Logistic Mean Division Index (LMDI), is developed to analyze the influencing factors of CO
emissions in China's transport sector during 2000-2015. Then, a multi-regional spatial decomposition model is employed to identify the key factors to induce the differences in CO
emissions of China's 30 regional transport sectors in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Based on the empirical results, we find that both in the temporal and spatial perspectives, the main factors that affect CO
emissions in the transport sector are the same ones. From the temporal perspective, the income effect is the dominant factor increasing CO
emissions of transport sector, while energy intensity effect and transportation structure effect are the key influencing factors that curb the CO
emissions of China's transport sector, during the whole study period. From the spatial perspective, the income effect, energy intensity effect, and transportation structure effect are the key influencing factors that enlarge the gap of CO
emissions of various transport sectors in the key study years. More importantly, the less-developed regions and high energy intensity regions (i.e., the lower energy efficiency regions) are identified to have the great potential to reduce CO
emissions of transport sector. Therefore, differentiated mitigation measures and interregional collaborations are encouraged to reduce transport sector's CO
emissions in China.
Multimedia automatic annotation, which assigns text labels to multimedia objects, has been widely studied. However, existing methods usually focus on modeling two types of media data or pairwise ...correlation. In fact, heterogeneous media are complementary to each other and optimizing them simultaneously can further improve accuracy. In this paper, a novel common space learning (CSL) algorithm for multimedia integrated annotation is presented, by which heterogeneous media data can be projected into a unified space and multimedia annotation is transformed to the nearest neighbor search in the space. Optimizing these heterogeneous media simultaneously makes the heterogeneous media complementary to each other and aligned in the common space. We solve the proposed CSL as an optimization problem mainly considering the following issues. First, different types of media objects with the similar labels should be closer in the common space. Second, the media similarity of the original space and the common space should be consistent. We attempt to solve the optimization problem in a sparse and semi-supervised learning framework, thus more unlabeled data can be integrated into the learning process, which can boost the performance of space learning. In addition, we proposed an iterative optimization algorithm to solve the problem. Since the projected samples in the common space share the same representation, the labels for new media object are assigned by a simple nearest neighbor voting mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, our method has made the first attempt to multimedia integrated annotation. Experiments on data sets with up to four media types (image, sound, video and 3D model) show the effectiveness of our proposed approach, as compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Abstract Objective The paper was to study the field control effects of different formulae of plant extracts against cabbage worm Pieris rapae, and to provide a basis for promotion and application of ...insecticides in production. Especially in recent years, the use of chemicals is increasing, which poses great threat to agricultural products and ecological environment, thereby endangering human health and causing various diseases. ...in the production of vegetables, the selection of safe, pollution-free and environmentally friendly plant pesticides for prevention and control of P) rapae is of great significance to ensure the safe production of vegetables in China. From the perspective of biosafety and sustainable development, the test optimized the best control formula against P. rapae by reasonably mixing several botanical insecticides, in order to provide technical support and theoretical basis for pollution - free control of P. rapae and development and utilization of botanical pesticides. 1Materials and Methods 1.1 Materials 1.1.1 Source of materials. Population decline rate (%)=(Initial population quantity of each plot before spraying -Number of residual insects in the plot after spraying'Initial population quantity of each plot before spraying2 X 100% Control effect (%) =(Population decline rate in treatment area -Population decline rate in control area)/(100-Population decline rate in control area)x100% 1.4 Survey of safety The occurrence of chemical injury in the experimental area was observed irregularly after spraying. 2 Results and Analysis 2.1 Quick-acting effect of treatments As shown in Tab.2 and Tab.3, the control effects of treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4 at 1 d post spraying were 82.4%-83%, 38.2%-8.4%, 39% - 42.9% and 52.2% -53.5% , respectively.
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health emergency. Various omics results have been reported for COVID-19, but the molecular hallmarks of COVID-19, especially in those ...patients without comorbidities, have not been fully investigated. Here we collect blood samples from 231 COVID-19 patients, prefiltered to exclude those with selected comorbidities, yet with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to critically ill. Using integrative analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic profiles, we report a trans-omics landscape for COVID-19. Our analyses find neutrophils heterogeneity between asymptomatic and critically ill patients. Meanwhile, neutrophils over-activation, arginine depletion and tryptophan metabolites accumulation correlate with T cell dysfunction in critical patients. Our multi-omics data and characterization of peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients may thus help provide clues regarding pathophysiology of and potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been proposed as a potential measure to alleviate global warming; however, uncertainties exist in its regional climate impacts. This study investigates the ...influence of the SAI on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) by analyzing the G6sulfur simulation from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project. Our results show that the SAI intensifies the Siberian high and Aleutian low, enhances the low‐level northerly winds along the coast of East Asia and deepens the East Asian trough during 2080–2099, reversing the weakening of EAWM in high‐emission Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenario (SSP5‐8.5). Comparison between the G6sulfur and SSP5‐8.5 simulations indicates that, the SAI‐induced strong cooling in the central equatorial Pacific excites a poleward‐propagating Rossby wave train and strengthen the EAWM. Meanwhile, the negative vorticity advection in the middle troposphere and the radiative cooling over the Siberian high region caused by SAI also intensify the EAWM.
Plain Language Summary
Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have increased since the industrial revolution, and they have profoundly affected the climate system and human society. According to a proposed solar radiation modification method, stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) can partly offset greenhouse gas‐induced warming by scattering solar radiation, but its regional climate impacts are not well understood. In this study, we focus on how the East Asian winter monsoon, one of the most active climate systems in boreal winter, responds to the SAI using simulations from six state‐of‐the‐art climate models. We find that the SAI significantly enhances the East Asian winter monsoon in the late 21st century. The propagation of atmospheric wave caused by SAI‐induced sea surface temperature change is the primary reason.
Key Points
Stratospheric aerosol injection in G6sulfur offsets half of winter warming and 80% of precipitation increase in SSP5‐8.5 over East Asia
The poleward Rossby wave train induced by stratospheric aerosol injection strengthens the East Asian winter monsoon
Both the 500‐hPa negative vorticity advection and tropospheric radiative cooling over the Siberian high region enhance the Siberian high
This study aims to evaluate the effects of a receptive music therapy intervention on cognitive functions and depressive symptoms in older adults with MCI. A randomized controlled trial was conducted ...in Wuhan, China. Eighty older adults, over 65, who had MCI and depression symptoms were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received usual nursing care plus receptive music therapy intervention four times a week, for eight weeks; the control group received usual nursing care during the same period. The linear regression analysis was used to compare the difference between groups. There was a significant difference in the intervention group for the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores of cognitive function and depression. There was no significant difference in the control group before and after the study period and a significant between-group difference in both cognitive function and depression. In conclusion, receptive music therapy intervention significantly improved cognitive function and reduced depressive symptoms in older adults with MCI. It could be widely used in communities and nursing homes to improve the quality of life of older adults.
Deficiency of certain elements can cause leaf chlorosis in
Areca catechu
L. trees, which causes considerable production loss. The linkage between nutrient deficiency and chlorosis phenomenon and ...physiological defect in
A. catechu
remains unclear. Here, we found that low iron supply is a determinant for chlorosis of
A. catechu
seedling, and excessive iron supply resulted in dark green leaves. We also observed morphological characters of
A. catechu
seedlings under different iron levels and compared their fresh weight, chlorophyll contents, chloroplast structures and photosynthetic activities. Results showed that iron deficiency directly caused chloroplast degeneration and reduced chlorophyll synthesis in chlorosis leaves, while excessive iron treatment can increase chlorophyll contents, chloroplasts sizes, and inflated starch granules. However, both excessive and deficient of iron decreases fresh weight and photosynthetic rate in
A. catechu
seedlings. Therefore, we applied transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches to understand the effect of different iron supply to
A. catechu
seedlings. The genes involved in nitrogen assimilation pathway, such as
NR
(nitrate reductase) and
GOGAT
(glutamate synthase), were significantly down-regulated under both iron deficiency and excessive iron. Moreover, the accumulation of organic acids and flavonoids indicated a potential way for
A. catechu
to endure iron deficiency. On the other hand, the up-regulation of POD-related genes was assumed to be a defense strategy against the excessive iron toxicity. Our data demonstrated that
A. catechu
is an iron-sensitive species, therefore the precise control of iron level is believed to be the key point for
A. catechu
cultivation.
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