Presented is a novel intermolecular radical trifluoromethylfluorosulfonylation of unactivated alkenes under mild reaction conditions with good functional‐group tolerance in the most atom‐economic ...manner by using readily available Ag(O2CCF2SO2F) and N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI). Both the trifluoromethyl and sulfonyl groups in the products originate from Ag(O2CCF2SO2F).
Making it functional: The title reaction proceeds using the readily available Ag(O2CCF2SO2F) and N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) under mild reaction conditions, and features good functional‐group tolerance. The CF3 group in the product originates from a AgCF3 species formed from Ag(O2CCF2SO2F), and the in situ generated SO2 is trapped and converted into a sulfonyl group, thus demonstrating the atom economy of the reaction.
Sepsis is a life‐threatening syndrome with a high risk of mortality, which is caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. We examined significant roles of circDMNT3B and miR‐20b‐5p in the ...intestinal mucosal permeability dysfunction of rats with sepsis. SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10/group): sham group, sepsis group, si‐negative control group, circDNMT3B‐si1 group, circDNMT3B‐si2 group and circDNMT3B‐si1 + anti‐miR‐20b‐5p group. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐10 levels were measured through ELISA assay kits. Cell survival rate and cell apoptosis were evaluated by Cell‐Counting Kit‐8 Assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate interactions between miR‐20b‐5p circDMNT3B in HEK‐293T cells. Silencing circDNMT3B can significantly increase the level of d‐lactic acid, FD‐40, MDA, diamine oxidase, IL‐10 and IL‐6, compared with sepsis group, while the SOD activity was lower. Silencing circDNMT3B leads to oxidative damage and influence inflammatory factors level in intestinal tissue. CircDNMT3B was identified as a target gene of miR‐20b‐5p. Silencing circDNMT3B decreased cell survival and induced apoptosis in Caco2 cells treated with LPS, which was reversed by anti‐miR‐20b‐5p. MiR‐20b‐5p inhibitor remarkably down‐regulated mentioned‐above levels, in addition to up‐regulate SOD activity, which may relieve the damage of intestinal mucosal permeability caused by silencing circDNMT3B in sepsis rats. Down‐regulation of circDMNT3B was conducive to the dysfunction of intestinal mucosal permeability via sponging miR‐20b‐5p in sepsis rats, which may provide the novel strategy for sepsis treatment in the future.
A simple method of improving hydrogen generation from the reaction between highly activated Mg powder and water is established. The Mg–H2O reaction is found to become faster and more intense when ...magnesium is mixed with salts and subjected to by high-energy ball milling. Among the studied salts, AlCl3 has the best performance. The milling time and salt content significantly affect the final hydrogen yield and reaction kinetics. Among all studied samples, 6 h-milled Mg–3 mol% AlCl3 shows the best performance with a hydrogen yield of 93.86% and IHGR (initial hydrogen generation rate) of 455.9 ml min−1·(g Mg)−1 within 1 h. The initial temperature is also found to have a remarkable influence on the hydrolysis of the Mg–AlCl3 mixture, and the reaction can proceed to 100% conversion in 1 min with an IHGR of 933.3 ml min−1·(g Mg)−1 at 80 °C.
► Hydrogen generation of Mg–H2O reaction is studied. ► Mg powder is modified by ball milling with AlCl3. ► The role of AlCl3 has been clarified. ► Reaction of Mg–H2O is remarkably improved by addition of salts.
On-site on-demand hydrogen generation from a new Mg–LiBH4–AlCl3 system has been established. The hydrogen yield, mHGR (maximum hydrogen generation rate) and reaction stability can be adjusted by ...changing the samples' compositions, milling time and water/mixture ratios. The Mg-9 wt.%LiBH4-1 wt.%AlCl3 composite reaches a conversion yield of 87%, corresponding to 1083.5 ml H2 g−1 (composite), and the mHGR is 1256.9 ml min−1 g−1 in 60 min at 298 K. The synergistic effect between Mg and LiBH4 as well as the catalytic effects of LiBH4–AlCl3 additives both contribute to the improved hydrolytic performances. Compared with the hydrolysis of single Mg or Mg–LiBH4 system, the Mg–LiBH4–AlCl3 mixture has greatly improved its hydrogen yield and mHGR. This mixture is promising for its application as portable hydrogen sources.
•Improvement of Mg hydrolysis by milling with LiBH4 and AlCl3 is firstly studied.•The synergistic effect between Mg and LiBH4 has been found primarily.•Ball-milling conditions greatly affect the hydrogen generation performances.•Mechanism of the positive effects of LiBH4 and AlCl3 addition is investigated.
The hydrolysis of aluminum powder can be efficiently improved by milling with hydrides, among which LiH performs the best. Both sample composition and milling time affect the hydrolysis of Al–LiH ...mixture. Reaction temperature has a great impact on improving the hydrolysis properties. The reactions taken place in the solution are studied and the formation of the LiAl2(OH)7 hydrate is found to be important in enhancing the corrosion of Al. The Al-30 mol% LiH milled for 3 h sample reaches a yield of 96.3%, i.e. 1442.4 ml H2 g−1 (composite) within 1 h at 75 °C.
•Novel effects of LiH on hydrolysis of Al have been studied.•Milling time and sample composition are vital factors affecting the hydrolysis.•Reaction temperature is a critical element in improving the hydrolysis.•The effects of the formation of the LiAl2(OH)7 hydrate are discussed.
Severe pneumonia (SP) is a respiratory tract disease that seriously threatens human health. The herpesvirus detected in patients, especially with severe and immunodeficient diseases, is gradually ...attracting the attention of clinical doctors. However, little is known about the effect of herpesvirus on the prognosis of SP patients and the pulmonary microbial community. Here, we retrospectively analyzed respiratory samples from 45 SP patients detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). A total of five types of herpesviruses were detected, with
(HHV-1) in 19 patients,
(CMV) in 7 patients,
(HHV-7) in 6 patients,
(HHV-2) in 5 patients, and
(EBV) in 4 patients. Further analysis showed that the mortality of the herpesvirus-positive group was significantly higher than that of the negative group. The results also showed that HHV-1 was significantly associated with the prognosis of SP patients, while the other herpesviruses did not have a significant difference in patient mortality. A comparison of the microbial community characteristics of SP patients showed a significant difference in beta-diversity between herpesvirus-positive and negative groups. Species difference analysis showed that the herpesvirus-positive group was related to more conditional pathogens, such as
and
. In summary, our results suggest that the presence of herpesvirus is associated with the mortality of SP patients. Furthermore, enrichment of conditional pathogens in the respiratory tract of herpesvirus-positive SP patients may be a potential reason for the increased mortality.
Associations between interleukin-13 (IL-13) polymorphisms and asthma risk remained controversial and ambiguous. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the associations between IL-13 ...polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility.
Pubmed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wangfang databases were searched. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strength of association in the random-effects model.
Thirty-four studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that IL13 -1112C/T polymorphism was significantly associated with asthma risk (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.08-1.34, P=0.0009) in a dominant genetic model. When stratifying for race, IL13 -1112C/T polymorphism exhibited increased asthma risk in Caucasians (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.55, P=0.003), while no significant association was found in Asians and African Americans. In the subgroup analysis based on atopic status, significant association was observed in atopic patients (OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.45, P=0.004) but not in the non-atopic patients. In addition, a significant association between IL13+2044A/G polymorphism and asthma risk was observed (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.28, P=0.0002). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, there were significant associations between IL13+2044A/G polymorphism and asthma risk in Asians (OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.36, P=0.01) and Caucasians (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.40, P=0.005) but not in African Americans. In the subgroup analysis stratified by atopic status, a marginal significant association was found in atopic patients (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.26, P=0.05).
This meta-analysis suggested that the IL13 -1112C/T and +2044A/G polymorphisms were risk factors for asthma.
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory event and a fatal complication of viral infections. Whether sHLH may also be observed in patients with a ...cytokine storm induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is still uncertain. We aimed to determine the incidence of sHLH in severe COVID-19 patients and evaluate the underlying risk factors.
Four hundred fifteen severe COVID-19 adult patients were retrospectively assessed for hemophagocytosis score (HScore). A subset of 7 patients were unable to be conclusively scored due to insufficient patient data.
In 408 patients, 41 (10.04%) had an HScore ≥169 and were characterized as "suspected sHLH positive". Compared with patients below a HScore threshold of 98, the suspected sHLH positive group had higher D-dimer, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, triglycerides, ferritin, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, troponin, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, while leukocyte, hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocyte, fibrinogen, pre-albumin, albumin levels were significantly lower (all P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that high ferritin (>1922.58 ng/mL), low platelets (<101 × 10
/L) and high triglycerides (>2.28 mmol/L) were independent risk factors for suspected sHLH in COVID-19 patients. Importantly, COVID-19 patients that were suspected sHLH positive had significantly more multi-organ failure. Additionally, a high HScore (>98) was an independent predictor for mortality in COVID-19.
HScore should be measured as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients. In particular, it is important that HScore is assessed in patients with high ferritin, triglycerides and low platelets to improve the detection of suspected sHLH.
A novel method to promote the Mg–H2O hydrolysis reaction is proposed. Among the hydrides tested, LiBH4 offers the best performance. By ball-milling Mg powder with LiBH4, the maximum hydrogen ...generation rate (mHGR) and yield are significantly increased. More importantly, the hydrolysis properties are further improved when NiCl2 is added. The newly formed Mg–LiBH4–NiCl2 system reaches an mHGR of 1655 ml min−1 g−1 and yield of 96.1%. The factors influencing the hydrogen generation performance of this system, such as sample composition and milling time, are investigated. Different methods of characterization, such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy are used for the preliminary mechanistic study. The milling conditions and the in situ deposition of metallic Ni are both believed to be important factors that benefit the overall hydrolysis process.
•Novel effects of LiBH4 and NiCl2 on hydrolysis of Mg have been studied.•A synergistic effect between Mg and LiBH4 has been found primarily.•Milling time and sample composition are vital factors affecting the hydrolysis.•Effects of in situ deposition of Ni on the hydrolysis have been investigated.
Antibiotics are considered as persistent emerging contaminants. The phenomenon of mixed exposure to the environment is a common occurrence causing serious harm to human health and the environment. ...Therefore, we employed enrofloxacin (ENR), chlortetracycline (CTC), methotrexate (TMP), chloramphenicol (CMP), and erythromycin (ETM) in this study. Nine treatments were designed using the uniform design concentration ratio (UDCR) method to systematically determine the toxicity of individual contaminants and their mixtures on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 through the time-dependent microplate toxicity assay. The combinatorial index (CI) method and the dose reduction index (DRI) were used to analyze the toxic interactions of the mixtures and the magnitude of the contribution of each component to the toxic interactions. The results showed that the toxicities of ENR, CTC, TMR, CMP, and ETM and their mixtures were time-dependent, with toxic effects being enhanced except when exposure time was prolonged. The types of toxic interactions in the ENR-CTC-TMR-CMP-ETM mixtures were found to be correlated with the proportion of each component’s concentration, where the proportion of the components exerted the most significant influence. Through DRI extrapolation, it was determined that the primary components of the mixture exhibited a pronounced dependency on time. Specifically, at the 4 h mark, TMP emerged as the predominant component, gradually giving way to ENR as time advanced. Upon analyzing the frequency of mixture interactions under specified effects, the additive effect appeared most frequently (66.6%), while the antagonist effect appeared the least frequently (15.9%) among the nine rays.
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