This paper describes the influence of thin transparent film on thermal and elastic characteristics of the two-layer sample consisting of the silicon substrate and thin TiO
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film using analysis of ...photoacoustic signals and their components in the 20 Hz – 20 kHz frequency domain. Through thermoelastic component changes, it was found that the thin film significantly changes the thermal state of the substrate and makes the degree of its bending increase drastically. The relationships between the thermoelastic component, the displacement along the heat flux axis and the difference of carrier density and temperatures on the different sides of the sample are described. It has been shown that the addition of a thin transparent film to a silicon substrate can effectively reduce the influence of photogenerated carriers in the substrate, especially on its degree of flexibility and restore it efficiently.
Markets are nowadays oriented towards high quality products that are produced in small series production with fast delivery dates. Therefore, manufacturing companies are forced to adapt their ...production processes and make them more flexible and efficient. In that sense, this paper presents digital transformation of manufacturing as a concept of product innovations in which conventional methods and models are replaced by digital ones through all stages of product lifecycle. Digital transformation or digitalization of manufacturing refers to the interaction between physical and digital models within the production process. That is the crucial step towards the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept which is fully focused on the integration of manufacturing with information technologies and digital services.
We have measured electron-ion recombination for Fe9+ forming Fe8+ and for Fe10+ forming Fe9+ using a merged beams arrangement at the TSR heavy-ion storage ring in Heidelberg, Germany. The measured ...merged beams recombination rate coefficients (MBRRC) for relative energies from 0 to 75 eV are presented, covering all dielectronic recombination (DR) resonances associated with 3s -> 3p and 3p -> 3d core transitions in the spectroscopic species Fe X and Fe XI, respectively. We compare our experimental results to state-of-the-art multiconfiguration Breit-Pauli (MCBP) calculations and find significant differences. Poor agreement between the measured and theoretical resonance structure is seen for collision energies below 48 eV for Fe X and below 35 eV for Fe XI. The integrated resonance strengths, though, are in reasonable agreement. At higher energies, good agreement is seen for the resonance structure but for the resonance strengths theory is significantly larger than experiment by a factor of 1.5 (2) for Fe X (Fe XI). From the measured MBRRC, we have extracted the DR contributions and transform them into plasma recombination rate coefficients (PRRCs) for astrophysical plasmas with temperatures in the range of 102-107 K. This range spans across the regimes where each ion forms in photoionized or in collisionally ionized plasmas. For both temperature regimes, the experimental uncertainties are 25% at a 90% confidence level. As expected based on predictions from active galactic nucleus observations as well as our previous laboratory and theoretical work on M-shell iron, the formerly recommended DR data severely underestimated the rate coefficient at temperatures relevant for photoionized gas. At these temperatures relevant for photoionized gas, we find agreement between our experimental results and MCBP theory. This is somewhat surprising given the poor agreement in MBRRC resonance structure. At the higher temperatures relevant for collisionally ionized gas, the MCBP calculations yield an Fe XI DR rate coefficient that is significantly larger than the experimentally derived one. We present parameterized fits to our experimentally derived DR PRRC for ease of inclusion into astrophysical modeling codes.
Excavators as operating machines or equipment are exposed to diversetypes of undesired conditions, such as variable workloads, exposure to various environment conditions, unprofessional or imperfect ...maintenance and others. This paper demonstrates a case of anexcavator slewing ring failure which is investigated. The study suggests the failure to be caused by improper control and inadequate maintenance. The example is illustrated by photodocumentation with description of damage and probable causes in details. In conclusion, distinctive types of conditions are listed for consideration while selecting the appropriate bearing for certain type of load. Further, we outline the necessary conditions needed for maintenance and monitoring the slew ring during normal operations.
The administration of chemotherapy positively correlates with diverse adverse drug reactions, including the significant impact of hematological hazards such as anemia, leukopenia-neutropenia, ...thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia. This pilot pharmacoeconomic study aimed to estimate the total direct costs of treating hematological toxicity induced by chemotherapy and its main determinants.
The study was conducted as a retrospective cost of illness study using the "from bottom to the top" approach from the perspective of the Republic Health Insurance Fund. This study included 88 patients treated due to developing at least one episode of one of the types of hematological complications of cytostatics in 2018 at the Oncology Clinic of the University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, the Republic of Serbia.
Among cancer patients who developed haematological toxicity, treating pancytopenia was most demanding in a pharmacoeconomic manner compared to neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, with an estimated value of direct costs of 264,14, 178,19 and 157,76 euros per patient per year respectively. Regarding total direct costs, the main determinants were the costs of drugs, their parenteral administration, and costs due to hospitalization.
Due to the rising cancer incidence and obligatory hospital treatment of hematological toxicity induced by chemotherapy, the identification of the pharmacoeconomic aspects of the treatment of these complications is needed. Future research should focus on the development of new modalities of treatment regarding patient characteristics anticipating high costs.
The paper is related to the determination of stress and strain fields around unsupported, stress free surface of an ellipsoidal cavity situated in a stressed elastic continuum. This is a most common ...requirement for the estimate of structural safety of underground rock excavations. The analytical approach elaborated in the paper avoids the solutions of the same problem that lead to expressions that contain rather complex integrations. The significant simplifications of all expressions from definition of the problem to its resolving have been achieved by application of ellipsoidal coordinates. Thus the presented solutions provide the applicable and explicit expressions for stresses and strains developed in infinite series with easily determinable coefficients by the use of contemporary mathematical packages. The numerical examples are also included to confirm the convergence of the obtained solutions.
Background: Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) is a surgical technique that is indicated for low rectal cancer where sphincter preservation is not possible. Compared to conventional ...abdominoperineal excision major advantages of ELAPE are the risk reduction of intraoperative bowel perforation and positive circumferential margin which lead to a better oncological outcome. The aim of this study was to present our results in ELAPE surgery. Methods: From February 2011 to February 2015, 40 patients underwent surgery for low rectal cancer at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. The collected data included sex, age, preoperative staging, neoadjuvant treatment, operative time, rate of intraoperative bowel perforation, rate of positive circumferential resection margins, histopathological analysis, postoperative mortality, tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) classification, local recurrence (LR) rate and presence of distant metastases. Results: Positive circumferential margin was found in three (7.5%) patients while eight (20%) patients had intraoperative bowel perforation. LR during follow-up was seen in seven (17.5%) patients, three of them had intraoperative bowel perforation and two patients had positive circumferential margin. The estimated five-year cumulative incidence of LR is 7%. Distant metastases occurred in 18 (45%) patients. The estimated five-year survival rate is 62%. Conclusion: The study shows satisfactory five-year survival rates of 62% in a highly complex patient group treated by ELAPE procedure.
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