This study took up one of the industrialized house, “Alumiframe Building System” by Alcoa, and clarify how it has been adjusted with the difference of the area and time. The Alumiframe houses were ...constructed at operation Breakthrough prototype site in US. The same system was introduced to Japan. Three Alumiframe houses were compared of their building system and their background by drawings and papers. In addition, the current situation of 45 years after construction was clarified from the visual survey and the interview. Finally, it is discussed how the initial building system influenced to remodeling.
Catalan vault, a historic brick vault construction method used mainly in Catalonia of Spain is characterized by thin and lightweight masonry construction. This paper cleared the characteristics and ...the construction techniques of the Catalan vault through the experiment of constructing a full scale floor type vault. The materials like bricks and plaster available in Japan could be substituted for those used in Spain. The important technical knowledge acquired in the experiment and the difficulty of construction were related to the first layer of the vault which bricks are united with plaster of Paris, and characterizes the unique vaulting system.
This study took up one of the industrialized house, “Alumiframe Building System” by Alcoa, and clarify how it has been adjusted with the difference of the area and time. The Alumiframe houses were ...constructed at operation Breakthrough prototype site in US. The same system was introduced to Japan. Three Alumiframe houses were compared of their building system and their background by drawings and papers. In addition, the current situation of 45 years after construction was clarified from the visual survey and the interview. Finally, it is discussed how the initial building system influenced to remodeling.
The purpose of this research is to clarify how the public housing estate with modern specifications is implemented in African cities and how they have changed over the years. Followed by this, it ...attempts to evaluate the variety of housing estates, which in many cases are often criticized of its uniformity, and to extract challenges of long-term usages with factors of quality improvements. Therefore, the research focuses on the Baobab estate in Dakar, Senegal, constructed by La Société Immobilière du Cap-Vert (SICAP) in 1950s as a case study and conducted onsite field survey in order to capture the state of today. In the previous paper, the case 1, it summarized the initial architectural planning and the residential environment after 60 years. Adding to this, this paper further elaborates the research by documenting the interior spaces through observing expansion and renovation of the housing units, as well as finding the challenges and quality improvements to meet the changes. Main materials used for the analysis of this paper were taken by looking through drawings, which were kept by the SICAP, onsite documentation of the housing plans and interviews to the residents. In Chapter 2, it summarized the modifications and usages after 60 years within the surveyed 122 units in eight building blocks. In Chapter 3, eight unit types, which were classified according to various attributes, were taken as examples of modifications to further describe each modified housing plans and to compare the interior environment. Then, it attempted to find the problems, challenges, methods and quality improvements in the modifications as follows: 1) For compensating the limited space, there were methods using the curtain and the ceiling height. 2) In the case where the expansion space jointed the neighbouring unit, the space that merged was not closed off in consideration for the interior environment of the neigbouring unit. This open space also contributes to the comfortability of the path. 3) In the case where a unit was exchanged with the neighouring unit's room, it was possible to expand without negotiation to the next units and secured a larger space. However, the interior environment was deteriorated and the path was closed off. 4) The expansion and renovation of this area was quite exceptional because the original plan was small and rather unique that any modifications projected had limitations in space. People intended to make expansion and renovation visited some of the already modified units beforehand in order to understand the situation after the modification. Chapter 4 discusses the factors that affected the modification within this area. Original architectural planning which was not intended for any expansion resulted in restrictions of freedom to modify, which led to the necessity of negotiation and sometimes collaboration with the neighbours. As a consequence of this, any expansions that were made turned out to be relatively well-balanced as a whole that shared common coherent rules within the neighbourhood. Above this, unreinforced CB masonry wall, which made possible to understand the modular used for the housing plan, might have impelled to enable easy demolition and addition to modify the space.
The public housing estate that was widely used after World War II gave a moment of design and material's modern method to conventional housing. It may be relatively easy to compare more than one ...African countries public housing estate and to understand the character of each because they have certain amount of commonality in period, material, idea of design, and stock. Next, the issue of management method with long-term use will be shared. Targeting all of the above, this research clarifies how the public housing estate was constructed in African cities in a colonial environment and how it has changed more than 50 years since independence. This paper focuses on Baobab estate in Dakar that was the capital city of French West Africa. Baobab estate was developed during the early period by SICAP (Société Immobilière du Cap Vert), a government housing supply agency since 1950, and is one of the largest estates. The field survey was conducted in 2014. For our analysis, we used the documents that were kept by SICAP and the current physical environment of the estate recorded in residential areas. In chapters three and four, the feature of the original design of Baobab is described. (1) Block plan: it was an independent plan, and various common facilities including a garage were laid out. Infrastructure was in place during development, and most of the units were equipped with a bathroom. (2) Dwelling plan: there were three types of dwellings; terrace house, semi-detached, and detached. Apartments were not included. There were 10 standard plans, eight of which use 凸 shape for verandas that were variously connected. Two of these plans had a variable planning. (3) Building system: it used modern material or parts like concrete block, precast concrete panel, and louver. The finishing method was elaborately crafted. (4) Construction activity: SICAP managed production of building elements and construction by directly hired workers. Then, high uniform quality was ensured. In chapter five, to understand the change in physical residential environment within 60 years, dwelling units' shape, use, and ownership were recorded. With difference in locations, there was a difference in the expandability. The inclined block plan caused extension or subdivision into an irregular open space. Half of the units occupied the first floor as the highest floor was the fifth floor. The units above the third floor were reconstructed. Further, 60% of the housing unit occupied the original building including two to three units that were extended or reconstructed. Almost every unit used the place as a dwelling; however, some of the units combined the dwelling with a shop. In terms of ownership, 80% percent of the owners resided in their houses and very few gave it on a sublease. In conclusion, this paper discusses the reason for the current situation according to the original design's features and physical changes. Since 60 years have passed, the households who moved in during the initial stages of the development are required to give a reaction for the change of life such as moving out, inheritance or multi-family residence. The extension and subdivision may be carried out by the following factors. Currently, appearance, use, and residents are the various configurations that should be considered. The factors suppressed by the changes may be the following. First, the quality of the original design is high and kept as a bone. Second, the residents can encourage living environment because of the dominant proportion of owners residing. This area expected to develop under the policy, and some plots have started developing. It needs to develop rules regarding the making of the areas for evaluating the original planning between French and other African cities.
This study examines the impact of residence and livelihood on urban space in Dharavi, home to a million people and 15,000 active factories. We found that individuals from across the nation both ...coexist and segregate to ensure safety, security, and the preservation of their livelihoods connected to their roots. They gather with people who share their place of origin and language while avoiding crowding. Our research also highlights how changes in people's livelihoods over time have resulted in shifts in community dynamics, governance, and urban spatial organization, ultimately changing the balance between coexistence and habitat segregation.
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