In order to solve the problems of excessive carbon emissions and environmental pollution caused by the current carbon trading policy, this paper breaks the traditional annual carbon trading mechanism ...and proposes an integrated energy system (IES) optimal dispatching method considering the seasonal carbon trading mechanism. Firstly, in order to ensure the dynamic balance of the multi-energy flow in the IES, the carbon flow equivalent to the electricity-gas-heat energy flow is introduced into the energy hub model, and the multi-energy flow energy hub model is established. Secondly, an optimized-stepped carbon trading mechanism is formulated to ensure internal carbon balance and restrain carbon emissions to prevent the annual carbon emissions settlement of the IES from exceeding the standard. Finally, according to the energy supply demand of the IES in different seasons, a seasonal carbon trading mechanism is formulated, which comprehensively considers carbon emissions and economics to optimize dispatch. The impact of the optimized-stepped carbon price and seasonal dispatch on carbon emissions and economics is compared. The cost of using the optimized-stepped carbon price is reduced by at least 14.50%, and carbon emissions are reduced by at least 2.54%. Under guaranteeing the same carbon emission quota, the IES net-benefit is increased by 6.8%.
With the proposal of global energy conservation and emission reduction policies, the scale of grid connection of Integrated Energy System (IES) is gradually increasing. How to formulate a carbon ...trading mechanism to guide the system’s carbon emissions and realize the operation of the system’s low-carbon economy has become the main problem to be solved urgently. Based on this background, this paper proposes a multi-stakeholders energy management and control method of IES considering carbon trading scheme. First, a dynamic multi-energy coupling energy flow model of electricity, heat and gas in IES is established. Second, carbon emissions are limited by introducing the carbon trading scheme with a punishment mechanism into the IES control mode. Finally, a hierarchical model is established based on the system trading framework, and energy flow management and the control model of IES under multi-stakeholders is established by quoting mixed game theory. A simulation example is given to verify that the proposed control method can make IES run in a low-carbon economy.
The LAI (leaf area index) is an important parameter describing the canopy structure of citrus trees and characterizing plant photosynthesis, as well as providing an important basis for selecting ...parameters for orchard plant protection operations. By fusing LiDAR data with multispectral data, it can make up for the lack of rich spatial features of multispectral data, thus obtaining higher LAI inversion accuracy. This study proposed a multiscale LAI inversion method for citrus orchard based on the fusion of point cloud data and multispectral data. By comparing various machine learning algorithms, the mapping relationship between the characteristic parameters in multispectral data and point cloud data and citrus LAI was established, and we established the inversion model based on this, by removing redundant features through redundancy analysis. The experiment results showed that the BP neural network performs the best at both the community scale and the individual scale. After removing redundant features, the R2, RMSE, and MAE of the BP neural network at the community scale and individual scale were 0.896, 0.112, 0.086, and 0.794, 0.408, 0.328, respectively. By adding the three-dimensional gap fraction feature to the two-dimensional vegetation index features, the R2 at community scale and individual scale increased by 4.43% and 7.29%, respectively. The conclusion of this study suggests that the fusion of point cloud and multispectral data exhibits superior accuracy in multiscale citrus LAI inversion compared to relying solely on a single data source. This study proposes a fast and efficient multiscale LAI inversion method for citrus, which provides a new idea for the orchard precise management and the precision of plant protection operation.
In general, a tree-like or radial connection structure is adopted by the microgrid cluster (MGC) to connect to the power grid. However, the power interaction is restricted by the bus capacity, and ...the management and control are complicated in the tree-like or radial connection structure. Therefore, the ring structure MGC is proposed to solve the above problems. Intra-day rolling correction method based on the ring structure MGC at different time levels is investigated in this paper. Firstly, ring connection is used to build the structure of multi-connected MGC, and power interaction between MGC is carried out through tie lines. Secondly, MG is taken as the lower layer object, and the lowest generation cost is taken as the target to control the lower level. Taking MGC as the upper layer object, the double-layer intra-day management and control model is established with consideration of the power balance and steady-state security constraints of the MGC. Finally, a lower layer control method based on the robust adaptive characteristic is proposed, which uses the asynchronous coordinated control method to modify the MGC. The ring network architecture has a good effect on energy consumption. The layered intra-day management method can effectively make up for the shortcomings of the day-ahead control, and the overall scheduling accuracy is satisfied.
Background and Purpose
Triptolide (TP) elicits a beneficial effect in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its multiorgan ...toxicity needs to be resolved. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary target of TP, which induces immunosuppression, and DC‐derived exosomes (DEX) can selectively enter DCs in vivo. Here, we encapsulated TP with DEX (DEXTP) to generate TP‐targeted delivery to reduce toxicity.
Experimental Approach
The effect of DEXTP was evaluated in murine colitis and RA models. Toxicity was examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining and serum biochemical marker detection. Affinity of DEXs for DCs was tracked by fluorescent labelling. The immune environment was evaluated and mimicked in vitro for further analysis of the mechanism.
Key Results
DEXTP effectively carried TP to DCs in vivo, and alleviated local inflammation and damage in colitis and RA mice with no obvious toxicity. Additionally, DEXTP reshaped the immune milieu by decreasing CD4+ T‐cell levels and increasing regulatory T‐cell levels in vivo. Furthermore, consistent T‐cell differentiation was observed in vitro, and DC activation was inhibited by alterations in surface factors and secrete cytokines, and by induction of apoptosis or other form of death.
Conclusions and Implications
Encapsulating TP with DEX is a new method that both reduces the toxicity of TP and induces immunosuppression in UC and RA mice. The underlying immune mechanism involves DEXTP targeting DCs in vivo, to inhibit DC activation and induce DC apoptosis, which further induces T‐cell immunosuppression.
GSPT1 plays crucial physiological functions, such as terminating protein translation, overexpressed in various tumors. It is a promising anti-tumor target, but is also considered as an “undruggable” ...protein. Recent studies have found that a class of small molecules can degrade GSPT1 through the “molecular glue” mechanism with strong antitumor activity, which is expected to become a new therapy for hematological malignancies. Currently available GSPT1 degraders are mostly derived from the scaffold of immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD), thus more active compounds with novel structure remain to be found. In this work, using computer-assisted multi-round virtual screening and bioassay, we identified a non-IMiD acylhydrazone compound, AN5782, which can reduce the protein level of GPST1 and obviously inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. Some analogs were obtained by a substructure search of AN5782. The structure-activity relationship analysis revealed possible interactions between these compounds and CRBN-GSPT1. Further biological mechanistic studies showed that AN5777 decreased GSPT1 remarkably through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and its effective cytotoxicity was CRBN- and GSPT1-dependent. Furthermore, AN5777 displayed good antiproliferative activities against U937 and OCI-AML-2 cells, and dose-dependently induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. The structure found in this work could be good start for antitumor drug development.
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•A novel GSPT1 degrader was identified by virtual screening and bioassay.•AN5777 binds recombinant CRBN and induces GSPT1 degradation through the UPS.•The proliferation inhibition of AN5777 depends on CRBN and GSPT1.•AN5777 dose-dependently induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis.
In order to improve the screening accuracy of decommissioned power batteries and reduce the regulation errors of batteries in the process of echelon utilization, a cascade batteries selection method ...based on confidence interval probability prediction is proposed. Firstly, according to the internal and external characteristic parameters, residual capacity, state of health (SOH) and other historical parameters, K -means clustering is used to divide static clusters of retired power batteries with similar parameters. Secondly, the bootstrap probability method is used to analyze the deviation subset of SOH estimation in echelon utilization process, and the probability interval density function of SOH subset is established. Finally, further optimization grouping is carried out according to the predicted SOH characteristics. By comparative analysis, the influence of confidence interval estimation on the screening accuracy is determined, and the effectiveness of the proposed screening method is determined. The consistency of dynamic characteristics is improved while the static parameters are similar in the screening process, which lays a foundation for accurate regulation of retired power battery echelon utilization.
Hydrothermal reactions of 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene (bimb) and either 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid (HO‐H2ip) or 5‐methoxyisophthalic acid (MeO‐H2ip), as well as transition metal salts, gave rise to ...six new coordination polymers: Zn2(bimb)(H2O)(HO‐ip)2n (1), Zn(bimb)(MeO‐ip)n·(H2O)n (2), Mn2(bimb)2(HO‐ip)2n (3), Mn2(bimb)2(H2O)2(MeO‐ip)2n (4), Cu2(bimb)2(MeO‐ip)2n·(H2O)3n (5), and Co(bimb)(H2O)(MeO‐ip)n·(DMF)0.5n·(H2O)n (6). Their structures have been defined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, IR spectra, elemental analyses and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 is a 2D coordination network consisting of μ‐oxygen‐bridged dinuclear ZnII units, whereas 2 is an interdigitating 2D layer. ZnII ions in 1 and 2 have a distorted tetrahedral geometry, and two independent HO‐ip and two bimb moieties in the dinuclear unit of 1 form π···π stacking interactions. Complexes 3 and 4 are 2D layers consisting of dinuclear MnII carboxylate units; bimb in an anti conformation serves as an exo‐bidentate ligand in 3, whereas in 4 it acts as a terminal ligand, filling void space. Bis‐monodentate MeO‐ip in 5 connects CuII ions into a 3D coordination network, whereas MeO‐ip in 6 bridges between two CoII ions to form a 2D layer, with the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules of the adjacent 2D layers generating a 2D supramolecular bilayer. The dinuclear MnII units in 3 and 4 are well separated by organic ligands, and make up the basic magnetic units. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility analyses show the existence of antiferromagnetic interaction in 3 and 4.
Six metal‐organic coordination polymers have been constructed from 5‐hydroxyisophthalate or 5‐methoxyisophthalate and rigid 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene. The coordination‐inert hydroxy and methoxy substituents of 5‐substituted isophthalates and the directional hydrogen bonds exerted important effects on the structures and properties of the coordination polymers.
Hydrothermal reactions of 5-methoxyisophthalic acid (MeO-H
2
ip), 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp) with Cd(NO
3
)
2
·4H
2
O and Ni(NO
3
)
2
·6H
2
O produced Cd
2
(MeO-ip)
2
(bpp)
2
n
·nH
2
O (1) and ...Ni(MeO-ip)(bpp)(H2O)
n
·nH
2
O (2), respectively. Complex 1 is a 2-D layer consisting of dinuclear Cd(II)-carboxylate units, two carboxylates of MeO-ip adopt μ
2
,η
2
-bridging and chelating modes. MeO-ip bridges three Cd(II) ions to form a 1-D Cd
2
(MeO-ip)
2
n
chain, which is further extended into a 2-D layer by bpp in a trans,trans-conformation. However, two carboxylates of MeO-ip in 2 are monodentate and chelating to link Ni(II) into a 1-D Ni(MeO-ip)
n
chain with bpp in a trans-gauche conformation connecting Ni(MeO-ip)
n
chains into a two-fold interpenetrating 3-D network. Coordinated water and carboxylate oxygen from different MeO-ip form strong hydrogen bonds. The frameworks of 1 and 2 are stable below 250 and 300 °C, respectively. Luminescence indicates that 1 shows maximum emission at 375 and 450 nm upon excitation at 320 nm. Magnetic measurement of 2 suggests the presence of ferromagnetic interactions in 2.
A novel two-fold interpenetrating 3D framework consisting of unprecedented tetranuclear Zn(II)-carboxylate units has been synthesized. The tripodal semi-rigid tricarboxylate ligand and 4,4-bipy link ...the tetranuclear units into a 3,8-connected tfz-d topological network.
A two-fold interpenetrating 3,8-connected tfz-d topological network consisting of novel tetranuclear Zn(II)-carboxylate units has been synthesized using the tripodal semi-rigid tricarboxylate ligand and 4,4-bipy. Display omitted
► The tripodal semi-rigid tricarboxylate ligand is used for the construction of MOFs. ► The coordination polymer consists of unprecedented tetranuclear Zn(II)-carboxylate units. ► A 3,8-connected tfz-d topology is exhibited.
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