The objective of this work was to optimize extraction process and to validate the HPLC-DAD method for quantification of ascorbic acid content in mixed juice powder of acerola and seriguela with ...different dextrose equivalent maltodextrin (5, 10, 15) as an encapsulating agent. The influence of the extraction variables was studied through factorial design. Control variables were mass, percent of orthophosphoric acid and stirring time. Chromatographic method was validated in terms of precision, selectivity, linearity and accuracy. Chromatographic and titrimetry results were compared for all dextrose equivalent. Mass and percentage of orthophosphoric acid presented p < 0.05. There were no significant differences among the dextrose equivalents ranging from 2,830.1 mg/100 g to 2,931.61 mg/100 g of ascorbic acid. Both values, intra and intermediary precision test coefficients of variation were less than 5%. The correlation coefficient was 0.99. Respective value of limit of detection was 0.001 mg/mL and for quantification was 0.003 mg/mL. The application of HPLC-DAD method can be considered acceptable for quantification ascorbic acid in fruit powder.
The effects of replacing Tifton hay with castor bean hulls (0, 33, 66 and 100%) on the leg tissue composition, chemical composition, physicochemical parameters and sensorial traits of sheep meat were ...studied. A total of 28 non-castrated sheep averaging seven months in age with an average initial weight of 19.5±4.3 kg were assigned to a randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates and were slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. At slaughter, body weight and leg, muscle and bone weights decreased linearly, whereas the muscle-to-bone ratio increased linearly according to the treatments. There was a quadratic effect on yellow intensity (maximum of 8.05 with replacement of 54.5%) and the percentage of cooking losses (minimum of 33.8% with replacement of 45.17%). The treatment employed did not affect either the chemical composition or sensorial traits of the lamb meat. Although replacing Tifton hay with castor bean hulls alters the tissue composition of the leg as well as some physicochemical parameters of the meat, the sensory analysis indicated good acceptability of the meat, regardless of the inclusion of this byproduct.
Abstract Background Despite scarce data, invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is widely recommended over non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for ventilatory support in cardiogenic shock (CS). We assessed ...the real-life use of different ventilation strategies in CS and their influence on outcome focusing on the use of NIV and MV. Methods 219 CS patients were categorized by the maximum intensity of ventilatory support they needed during the first 24 h into MV ( n = 137; 63%) , NIV ( n = 26; 12%), and supplementary oxygen ( n = 56; 26%) groups. We compared the clinical characteristics and 90-day outcome between the MV and the NIV groups. Results Mean age was 67 years, 74% were men. The MV and NIV groups did not differ in age, medical history, etiology of CS, PaO2 /FiO2 ratio, baseline hemodynamics or LVEF. MV patients predominantly presented with hypoperfusion, with more severe metabolic acidosis, higher lactate levels and greater need for vasoactive drugs, whereas NIV patients tended to be more often congestive. 90-day outcome was significantly worse in the MV group (50% vs. 27%), but after propensity score adjustment, mortality was equal in both groups. Confusion, prior CABG, ACS etiology, higher lactate level, and lower baseline PaO2 were independent predictors of mortality, whereas ventilation strategy did not have any influence on outcome. Conclusions Although MV is generally recommended mode of ventilatory support in CS, a fair number of patients were successfully treated with NIV. Moreover, ventilation strategy was not associated with outcome. Thus, NIV seems a safe option for properly chosen CS patients.
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a cardiac emergency often leading to multiple organ failure and death. Assessing organ dysfunction and appropriate risk stratification are central for the optimal management ...of these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal liver function tests (LFTs), as well as early changes of LFTs and their impact on outcome in CS. We measured LFTs in 178 patients in CS from serial blood samples taken at 0 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours. The associations of LFT abnormalities and their early changes with all-cause 90-day mortality were estimated using Fisher's exact test and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was abnormal in 58% of the patients, more frequently in nonsurvivors. Abnormalities in other LFTs analyzed (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin) were not associated with short-term mortality. An increase in ALT of >20% within 24 hours (ΔALT>+20%) was observed in 24% of patients. ΔALT>+20% was associated with a more than 2-fold increase in mortality compared with those with stable or decreasing ALT (70% and 28%, p <0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that ΔALT>+20% was associated with increased 90-day mortality independent of other known risk factors. In conclusion, an increase in ALT in the initial phase was seen in 1/4 of patients in CS and was independently associated with 90-day mortality. This finding suggests that serial ALT measurements should be incorporated in the clinical assessment of patients in CS.
Aims
The heterogeneous distribution of hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) limits the echocardiographic conventional measurements accuracy in the evaluation of left ventricular ...hypertrophy (LVH). The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of the echocardiographic Spirito–Maron score (SMS) with left ventricle (LV) mass quantification by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and with LV diastolic function.
Methods and Results
Left ventricle diastolic function parameters, SMS, LV mass (American Society of Echocardiography formula), and maximal wall thickness (MWT) were evaluated by two‐dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography. The SMS was obtained by adding the MWT of 4 LV segments, at the mitral valve or papillary muscles short‐axis views. Echocardiographic parameters of LVH, including SMS, were correlated with LV mass obtained by CMR and with E/e′ ratio. We included 45 patients (60% male, mean age 48 ± 18 years), who underwent 2D echocardiography. Twenty‐two of them performed a CMR study. A positive correlation was found between SMS and CMR LV mass (r = 0.80; P < 0.001), whereas MWT (r = 0.62; P = 0.002) and the 2D LV mass (r = 0.60; P = 0.011) presented a lower correlation with CMR LV mass. The SMS was significantly correlated with E/e′ ratio (r = 0.60; P = 0.007), whereas a nonsignificant correlation was found with MWT (r = 0.41; P = 0.081) and 2D LV mass (r = 0.22; P = 0.400).
Conclusion
Spirito–Maron score presents a highly positive correlation with CMR LV mass and with diastolic dysfunction severity in HCM patients. SMS is a reliable quantitative LVH measurement method and seems to provide more comprehensive morphological and physiological information than 2D echocardiographic conventional parameters used to estimate LVH.
This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the agro-industrial waste from acerola. Hydroacetone, hydroethanolic, and hydromethanolic extracts were obtained using the ...sequential extraction process, and they were screened for their free radical DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil) and ABTS•+ (2,2'-azino-bis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin 6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity and their effect on the linoleic acid peroxidation by the ferric thiocyanate method. Soybean oil with the addition of the extracts (200 ppm) was submitted to Schaal oven test (60 °C, 28 days), in which the samples were analyzed for peroxide value and conjugated dienes. Hydroethanolic and hydromethanolic extracts exhibited good DPPH scavenging activity (low value of EC50 and TEC50 and high value of AE), good ABTS scavenging capacity (1445.1 and 1145.5 µMol TEAC.g-1, respectively), and high percentage inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid (96.12 and 91.84%, respectively) and showed the ability to retard the formation of peroxides and conjugated dienes.
Quality of minimally processed guava with different types of cut, sanification and packing Lima, Marilene Silva(Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Departamento de Nutrição); Pires, Edleide Maria Freitas(Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Departamento de Nutrição); Maciel, Maria Inês Sucupira(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Ciências Domésticas) ...
Ciência e tecnologia de alimentos,
03/2010, Volume:
30, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the sanitization effect on the quality of minimally processed guava. Initially, research was carried out with consumers in a supermarket to verify ...preferences of packaging for guava. Following this, the guava cv. Paluma underwent two sanitization sequences using dehydrated sodium dichloroisocyanurate compound, in 50 ppm concentration, sanitization prior to (S1) and after (S2) being cut; removal of excess water; conditioning in PET packaging and PSPVC and storage at 3 ºC ± 1 ºC. Physicochemical analysis - pH, total soluble solids (SST), total labeled acidity (ATT), ascorbic acid (AA), total sugars (AT) and reducers (AR), textural sensorial and microbiological analyses were used to monitor the quality of the products. The consumers preferred the guava cut in halves with pulp and packed in PET, although this packaging promoted condensation of water vapor on the inner surface of the lid, compromising the appearance of the product. The two sanitization sequences and the two kinds of packaging did not significantly affect the pH, SST, ATT, SST/ATT, texture and AA values. The AT and AR tenors increased significantly in the MP guavas stored in the PSPVC package. Both sanitizations were efficient in the bacterial control of the indicators of the hygienicsanitary conditions, although the S1 sanitization proved to be more efficient in the control of autochthonous aerobic microbiota (aerobic mesophylic microorganisms). It can be concluded that guava cv. Paluma packed in PSPVC can be conserved for 6 days when stored at 3 ºC.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da sanitização sobre a qualidade de goiabas minimamente processadas. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma pesquisa com consumidores em um supermercado para verificar a preferência em relação a tipos de cortes e tipos de embalagens para goiabas. Após essa etapa, goiabas cv. Paluma passaram por duas sequências de sanificação com o composto clorado orgânico dicloro isocianurato de sódio dihidratado, na concentração de 50 ppm: sanificação antes (S1) e depois do corte (S2); retirada do excesso d'água; acondicionamento em embalagens PET e PSPVC e armazenamento a 3 ºC ± 1 ºC. Análises físicoquímicas pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), ácido ascórbico (AA), açúcares totais (AT) e redutores (AR), texturais, sensoriais e microbiológicas foram efetuadas para monitorar a qualidade do produto. Os consumidores preferiram a goiaba cortada na metade equatorial com polpa e embalada em PET, entretanto esta embalagem promoveu a condensação de vapor de água na superfície interna da tampa comprometendo a aparência do produto. As duas sequências de sanificação e os dois tipos de embalagens não influenciaram significativamente os valores de pH, SST, ATT, SST/ATT, textura e AA. Os teores de AT e AR aumentaram significativamente nas goiabas MP armazenadas na embalagem PSPVC. Ambas as sanificações foram eficazes no controle das bactérias indicadoras das condições higiênicosanitárias, entretanto a sanificação S1 mostrouse mais eficaz no controle da microbiota autóctone (microrganismos aeróbios mesofilos viáveis). Podese concluir que goiabas da cv. Paluma embaladas em PSPVC podem ser conservadas por 6 dias quando armazenadas a 3 ºC.
A cultura do morangueiro demanda mão de obra mais qualificada, e cuidados especiais para evitar problemas fitossanitários. Seu cultivo é caracterizado pelo uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos, o que ...leva os pesquisadores a buscar alternativas mais naturais para a melhoria das condições edáficas do solo, e diminuição do uso de produtos químicos. Nesse contexto, os liquens podem ser uma alternativa viável, visto suas propriedades na modificação da composição química do solo, além da ação antimicrobiana e inseticida de suas substâncias. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos dos compostos produzidos pelos liquens Cladonia verticillaris e C. salzmannii na melhoria da qualidade dos pseudofrutos do morangueiro, desenvolvimento da planta e sistema radicular e das propriedades químicas do solo. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação com 60 mudas distribuídas nos tratamentos com C. verticillaris (20), C. salzmannii (20) e controle (20). Foram analisados peso e características físico-químicas do morango; estimativa de produtividade, trocas gasosas, biomassa e umidade do morangueiro; características microbiológicas, químicas e concentrações de ácido barbático e fumarprotocetrárico no solo. As estimativas de produtividade de todos os tratamentos estiveram abaixo da média nacional ao cultivo do morangueiro, fator que se deve ao plantio em época quente. O uso dos liquens no cultivo do morangueiro aumentou os sólidos solúveis e teor de ácido ascórbico do pseudofruto, a taxa fotossintética da planta proporcionou melhoria na disponibilidade de fósforo e potássio no solo e, diminuiu incidência de fungos. A B S T R A C TThe strawberry culture demand for labor, it requires special care to prevent pest problems. Its cultivation is characterized by an indiscriminate use of pesticides, which leads researchers to seek more natural alternatives for improving edaphic soil conditions and decreased use of chemicals. In this context, lichens can be a viable alternative, since its properties in modifying the chemical composition of the soil, addition of antimicrobial action and their insecticidal substances. This work aimed to evaluate the properties of the compounds produced by lichens Cladonia verticillaris and C. salzmannii in improving the quality of strawberry pseudo fruits, plant development and root systems, and soil properties. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with 60 plants distributed in treatments with C. verticillaris (20), C. salzmannii (20) and control (20). Weight and physical-chemical characteristics of strawberry were analyzed; estimated productivity, gas exchange, biomass and strawberry plant humidity; microbiological and chemical characterization and concentration of barbatic and fumarprotocetraric acid in the soil characteristics. Productivity estimates for all treatments were below the national average for strawberry crop factor, which is due to planting in a hot season. The use of lichens in strawberry crop increased soluble solids and ascorbic acid content of the pseudo fruit, the photosynthetic rate of the plant, provided an improvement in the availability of phosphorus and potassium in the soil and decreased incidence of fungi.Keywords:Cladonia verticillaris, Cladonia salzmannii, cultivation in warm climate, cultivation in humid climate,
Caracterização físico-química de frutos de genótipos de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) Maciel, Maria Inês Sucupira(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Departamento de Ciências Domésticas); Mélo, Enayde(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Departamento de Ciências Domésticas); Lima, Vera(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Departamento de Ciências Domésticas) ...
Ciência e tecnologia de alimentos,
12/2010, Volume:
30, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
No Brasil, a aceroleira, decorrente principalmente da propagação por sementes, tem dado origem a plantios comerciais cujos frutos apresentam parâmetros de qualidade diferenciados. Características ...físico-químicas de frutos de 18 genótipos de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata DC.) do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE foram avaliados. O rendimento em polpa variou de 41,06% (PL 40) a 72,54% (PL 43) e, com exceção do genótipo PL 37, os demais apresentaram frutos com teores de ácido ascórbico superiores a 1000 mg.100 g-1. O genótipo PL 39 destacou-se por apresentar o maior teor de ácido ascórbico (1667 mg.100 g-1), SST e flavonóis (15,04 mg.100 g-1), além de elevado teor de antocianinas, sendo, portanto, o mais promissor. Os frutos do genótipo PL 34 revelaram o maior valor de SST/ATT, indicando ser o mais doce
In Brazil, acerola tree commercial orchards yield fruits with different quality attributes since their propagation is by seeds. The physicochemical characteristics of 18 genotypes of acerola tree (Malpighia emarginata DC.) from the Active Bank of Germoplasm of UFRPE were evaluated. The pulp efficiency ranged from 41.06 (PL 40) to 72.54% (PL 43). Except for the genotype PL 37, all others showed ascorbic acid content higher than 1,000 mg.100 g-1. The genotype PL 39 showed the highest content of ascorbic acid (1,667 mg.100 g-1), TSS and flavonols (15.04 mg.100 g-1) and a high value for anthocyanins. Therefore, it can be said it is the promising genotype. The fruits from genotype PL 34 showed the highest value for the TSS/TTA; they were the sweetest
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