The paper discusses the connection between parenting style and the scope of the conflict between parental and business roles. For a parenting style, we used the concept of Dianne Baumrind ...(1966/2002), who defined three basic types of a parent-child relationship: authoritarian, authoritative and permissive. The problem of conflict is accessed through the theory of work-family conflict, the Greenhaus and Beutell model (Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985), according to which the impact of work on a family consists of three sub-dimensions: time-based conflict, strain-based conflict, and behaviour-based conflict. The survey involved 204 respondents – employed parents with at least one child aged 3 to 16 years. The results of the research have shown that the authoritarian and the permissive parenting style is accompanied by a more obvious conflict of parental and business roles, while the positive effect of employment is linked to the authoritative parenting style. Implications of the obtained findings show that business and family responsibilities enable parents to participate in multiple roles, that can be used to promote their growth and development and better functioning in the parental role.
The aim of this article was to determine and consider the attitudes of parents towards cooperation with teachers during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. The sample included 110 parents of primary school ...students from the territory of the Republic of Serbia. We used a descriptive-analytical method. We also used surveying and scaling techniques, and we created a special instrument based on tangential literature for the purposes of this research. The research was conducted electronically, and the data was processed in the SPSS program. The obtained results show that mothers cooperated with teachers more often than fathers, and that the most common forms of cooperation were telephone conversations, and messaging via mobile applications. Unlike fathers, mothers believe that frequent cooperation is very important during the process of children’s formal education. The obstacles to cooperation during the pandemic cited by parents are: the impossibility of visiting schools and teachers; the lack of face-to-face communication, as well as the lack of advisory conversations with the teacher; the lack of adequate technological equipment and appropriate applications mediating the communication between parents and teachers; and insufficiently developed technological skills. The findings of this empirical research can motivate scholars to embark on future research that could more thoroughly consider the different forms of cooperation and communication between parents and teachers during unstable circumstances and conditions.
Transgenerational transmission of family values and beliefs in upbringing children is performed continuously from generation to generation. Family system of values is determined by emotional ...relationships, attitude towards the family goals, principles, distribution of authority, and the preferred method of parenting style. In this regard, we wanted to investigate whether there were significant positive correlations between the assessment of parenting style in the primary student's family and their beliefs about the competent parenting. We examined 584 students of the University of Nis. The survey used the following instruments: Index of family relations (IFR, author of Hudson 1982) and the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ, Authors: Robinson, Mandleco, Olsen, & Hart, 2001). We also used vignettes which present parenting styles of father and mother: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, inconsistent and uninvolved. The results showed that authoritarianism in the student's primary family contributed to their favourable assessment of those families where a parent manifest was authoritarian and indifferent parenting style and student's primary family was consistently less favourable in the assessment of corrective actions within the authoritative, permissive, and inconsistent parenting style. Coercion and Non-Reasoning as authoritarian style features contributed to a better assessment of indifferent parental style. The reference literature (Baumrind, 1966, 1991; Rohner, 2009; Teti, Candelaria, 2002), this parenting style is recognized as the most dysfunctional, because of its negative impact on the child development outcomes. This implies that influence of dysfunctional parenting is transferred transgenerationaly, which confirms the systemic approach to the family and its transgenerational analysis of patterns of functioning.
The goal of the research was to investigate which sub dimensions of the authoritarian, authoritative and permissive educational style mostly contribute to the perception of family functioning as a ...whole, and especially perception of the communication in the family. Our research sample had 576 students University of Nis. The questionnaire of educational styles PSDQ (Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H., 2001) and partially with questioner FACES IV (Olson D.H., Gorrall, M.D. and Tiesel W.J. 2005) was used and that relates to the communication in family and contentment with family as a whole. We got a statistically important negative correlation between authoritarianism of father and mother, as educational style and contentment with the family as a whole and the communication in it. We got a statistically positive correlation between the authoritativeness of mother and father as educational style and the contentment with the family as a whole and the communication in it.
The modern family is facing many new challenges as a result of an extreme crisis and profound change that has its own peculiarities in our transitional environment. The development of technology and ...changes in the organization of work in the contemporary society that has occurred in recent decades carry as a result the emergence of conflicts in the work-family area.
This paper addresses the issue of the intensity of the inter-role conflict regarding the parent and business roles. We had three tasks within the goal of our research - examining the relationship between conflict and independent variables: the parents' gender, level оf education and the type of job. In order to determine more easily the differences between the levels of conflict among parental and business roles regarding all mentioned variables, the factor analysis was conducted. The Lickert scale assessing the level of parental and business roles conflict, which was specifically designed for the purposes of this study, set aside five factors - dimension of the conflict: Time conflict, Stress conflict, Positive effect of employment, Behavioral conflict and Conflict in performing activities. The study included 204 participants - working parents with at least one child, three to 16 years old, on the territory of Serbia.
The results indicate that the parents in Serbia do not express parental and business roles conflict, in fact, the positive effect of employment is being expressed among these parents. Parental and business roles conflict was not related to any specific type of job, but the results did show that mothers express more stress conflict that fathers do. Regarding the fact that women are taking upon themselves a double job - job of a worker and a housekeeper, these results were expected. The positive employment effect is higher among parents with higher education levels than the parents with lower levels of education. Our interpretation of these results is that it is possible that the parents with higher levels of education could achieve their goals sooner than the parent with lower levels of education, thus these parent are more satisfied wtih themselves. The parents who are satisfied with themselves achieve more easily a balance between work and family.
In this paper, we review some of the initial researches, conducted during the 70's and later, about the potential role of external rewards on intrinsic motivation for learning. This is considered ...from different theoretical approaches such as self-determination theory, cognitive approach, attribution theory, general interest theory, behaviorist approach. The review is divided into three parts. Firstly, we review researches related to the effect of external reward on reducing internal motivation for learning and some research which is opposite to them. Secondly, we discuss the benefits of motivation for improving creative achievements. Thirdly, a significant part of this paper refers to analyzing the interests, as a part of students’ intrinsic motivation, which are not given enough attention in literature. Finally, we draw conclusions from the researches review. In the summary, analyzing these early researches, we can say that there is a good evidence that rewards have a strong influence on the students’ motivation for learning and high creative outcomes which is opposite to some initial researches (although this depends on the type of undertaking rewards). Considering these early researches indicates that producing negative effects requires combining specific conditions that are not characteristic for activities in everyday life, especially in school life and the idea that rewards disturb intrinsic motivation of individual requires a more detailed analysis. We believe that rewards are not harmful, which is proved by some researches, and that there is a certain interrelation between external motivators and task-oriented motivation which is confirmed by the cognitive approach. Future researches should be oriented towards the examination of the impact of different types of interests on learning and the variety of personal motives, examining the interactions between motivation and cognitive constructs, but also on how to develop personal interests and motivational constructs.
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