Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans
, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities remains ...poorly understood. Here we present genetic data for 13 Neanderthals from two Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia: 11 from Chagyrskaya Cave
and 2 from Okladnikov Cave
-making this one of the largest genetic studies of a Neanderthal population to date. We used hybridization capture to obtain genome-wide nuclear data, as well as mitochondrial and Y-chromosome sequences. Some Chagyrskaya individuals were closely related, including a father-daughter pair and a pair of second-degree relatives, indicating that at least some of the individuals lived at the same time. Up to one-third of these individuals' genomes had long segments of homozygosity, suggesting that the Chagyrskaya Neanderthals were part of a small community. In addition, the Y-chromosome diversity is an order of magnitude lower than the mitochondrial diversity, a pattern that we found is best explained by female migration between communities. Thus, the genetic data presented here provide a detailed documentation of the social organization of an isolated Neanderthal community at the easternmost extent of their known range.
Haematopoietic malignancies are frequently characterized by karyotypic abnormalities. The development of targeted drugs has been pioneered with compounds against gene products of fusion genes caused ...by chromosomal translocations. While polysomies are equally frequent as translocations, for many of them we are lacking therapeutic approaches aimed at synthetic lethality. Here, we report two new cell lines, named MBU-7 and MBU-8, that differ in complete trisomy of chromosome18, a partial trisomy of chromosome 7 and a tetrasomy of the p-arm of chromosome 8, but otherwise share the same mutational pattern and complex karyotype. Both cell lines are divergent clones of U-937 cells and have the morphology and immunoprofile of monocytic cells. The distinct karyotypic differences between MBU-7 and MBU-8 are associated with a difference in the specific response to nucleoside analogues. Taken together, we propose the MBU-7 and MBU-8 cell lines described here as suitable in vitro models for screening and testing vulnerabilities that are associated with the disease-relevant polysomies of chromosome 7, 8 and 18.
Abstract
Summary
Low- and high-frequency vowels in the stressed syllable of French first names may respectively project impressions of largeness/masculinity and smallness/femininity.
Abstract
Given ...that first names can have a lifelong impact on the bearer, parents should choose a name based on the impressions they want their offspring to evoke in other people. This name-to-mental-image association can be mediated through sound symbolism: a natural link between the sounds and meaning of a word. From an evolutionary perspective, parents should pick names which sounds convey traits advantageous in human sexual selection: largeness and masculinity for males through lower-frequency sounds as opposed to smallness and femininity for females through higher-frequency sounds. Using a database of French first names from 1900 to 2009, we observed a sex-biased sound symbolism pattern in the last syllable, which is the perceptually prominent one in French. Male names were more likely to include lower-frequency vowels (e.g. /o/, /ã/) and female names higher-frequency vowels (e.g. /i/, /e/). Unexpected patterns in consonants were observed in masculine names with higher-frequency sounds (e.g. /s/, /ʃ/) in the last syllable and lower-frequency sounds (e.g. /b/, /g/) in the first syllable. However, little variance was explained and the modest size effect suggests that cultural traits influence these sex differences. Lastly, exploratory analyses revealed a phonetic masculinization in women's first names that has increased since the 1960s.
This paper studies the national projects defended by Spanish political parties on the basis of the image they project in relation to women’s roles. To do so, we start with a critical review of ...nations and welfare states as masculinized projects, and from this we design a strategy based on the analysis of the manifestos issued by each political party in 2020 on International Women’s Day. The results obtained reflect the existence of three different ways of understanding the nation from a gender perspective: the first bloc, formed by the two conservative parties, PP and VOX, reproduces the nation by basing their discourse on gender inequalities, with a great weight of care for women; the second, formed by the most progressive parties (IU and Podemos), is situated in a clearly feminist perspective; the third, formed by the PSOE, shows a mixture of ideas that is reflected in considering both sexes as political subjects of feminism, and in presenting a discourse of the liberal and socialist current.
Key Clinical Message
HHV8‐ and EBV‐negative primary effusion lymphoma is an extremely rare neoplasm involving body cavities without detectable tumor mass. It usually presents in elderly patients ...without known immunodeficiency. Compared to primary effusion lymphoma, it has a better prognosis.
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare non‐Hodgkin lymphoma confined exclusively to body cavities without detectable tumor masses. The term PEL‐like is an entity similar to PEL in clinical presentation but without relation to human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). We report a case of HHV8‐ and EBV‐negative primary effusion‐based lymphoma.
Abstract Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopy-assisted transvaginal resection of sigmoid cancer. Methods From 2009 to 2011 we performed 21 laparoscopy-assisted ...transvaginal resections of sigmoid cancers. Results The resected tumours were T1(6), T2(7) and T3(8). The median number of resected lymph nodes was 15. Median operative time was 150 min and no conversion to open technique was necessary. A total of eighteen patients tolerated a liquid diet 24 h after surgery. The average VAS pain score (0 = no pain, 10 = unbearable pain) was 1.8 after 24 h and 1.1 after 48 h. One patient experienced a postoperative ileus, two patients had vaginal spotting with serous flow and three patients suffered urinary tract infections. One patient developed a hernia at the umbilical trocar site that was operated on. None of the sexually active patients reported any differences in sexual activity pre-op and postop on a postoperative questionnaire. After a median of 25 (10–41) months of follow-up, all patients are alive and well, with no evidence of recurrent disease. Conclusion Laparoscopy-assisted transvaginal resection of sigmoid cancer is feasible and safe in a selected group of patients.
En el desarrollo de esta investigación se busca analizar las potencialidades gastronómicas que tiene la Pitanga y el Magusán dentro de las ofertas gastronómicas nacionales. Como punto de partida se ...llegó a las poblaciones de la Mesa y Cáqueza. En el presente artículo se describen las principales características organolépticas, además de identificar preparaciones que ayudan a difundir la riqueza de estos productos dentro de la generación de una identidad culinaria local y nacional. A través de una recopilación de elementos pedagógicos, se establecen las características de formación que deben cumplir los profesionales de cocina dentro del reconocimiento cultural y geográfico de las regiones del país.
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