This prospective, comparative, randomized, horizontal, and double-blind clinical study investigated the clinical efficacy of leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (PRP, n=8) or allogeneic ...adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC, n=8) in dogs with bilateral degenerative hip joint disease (DHJD). Sixteen dogs were treated with two intra-articular injections of PRP or ADSCs, within a 30-day interval. The Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI), and Visual Analogue Scales for pain (VAS-pain) and locomotion (VAS-loc) were assessed by the dog owners. Analysis-of-gait using a force plate, response to palpation (VAS-palp), and the descriptive numerical scale for pain (DNS) were measured by a veterinarian. The assessments were performed before (baseline), 30 and 60 days after the first treatment. Data were analyzed using the unpaired t test, paired Wilcoxon test, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (P<0.05). Compared with baseline HCPI, CBPI, VAS-pain, and VAS-palp scores reduced 41%, 52%, 51%, and 48% (P=0.0001–0.03) at 60 days in the ADSC group. In PRP-treated dogs, CBPI, VAS-loc, and DNS scores decreased by 43%, 43%, and 33% at 60 days, respectively (P=0.0003–0.011). Based on CBPI data, the rate of success at 60 days was 75% and 25% in the ADSC and PRP groups (P=0.13), respectively. Both therapies were apparently safe and effective to reduce chronic pain in dogs with bilateral DHJD during a 60-day period. However, a trend towards greater improvement was provided by the ADSC treatment.
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviral diseases, such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya. The emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides constitutes an important obstacle to combating the ...mosquito. Thus, studies have investigated the potential of natural products as an alternative to synthetic chemicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oviposition deterrent activity of different products extracted from the leaves of Eugenia uniflora, which is a native species of Brazil with known bioactive properties but explored little for the control of A. aegypti. The major constituents identified in the essential oil from E. uniflora by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one (65.83%) and selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one epoxide (13.53%). These major constituents were also identified in the dynamic headspace of the hydrolate and aqueous extract and in the ether fraction of the aqueous extract together with pyrogallol. Other classes of secondary metabolites were also identified in the aqueous extract using high-performance liquid chromatography, such as gallic acid, myricetrin and ellagic acid. The results of the bioassays suggest significant oviposition deterrent activity for the essential oil at concentrations of 9–36 ppm, the isolated substance selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one epoxide at 3.6 ppm, the aqueous extract at 51% (v/v) and hydrolate at 53% (v/v). The magnitude of oviposition deterrent activity for the products extracted from the leaves of E. uniflora, especially the hydrolate and aqueous extract, was one of the most notable ever reported for the inhibition of oviposition by gravid females of A. aegypti. The aqueous extract and hydrolate achieved greater than 90% inhibition. Moreover, the minimum concentration (3.6 ppm) with deterrent activity found for the substance isolated from the essential oil: selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one epoxide - is one of the lowest ever described in the literature.
Display omitted
•E. uniflora exhibited notable oviposition deterrent activity against Aedes aegypti.•Selina-epoxide was active at a lower concentration compared to the literature.•Gallic acid and pyrogallol are secondary metabolites found in the aqueous extract.•Headspace technique identified seline and seline-epoxide in aqueous extract.
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most important respiratory parasite infecting domestic cats worldwide. Nevertheless, most records and epizootiological data come from Europe, whilst poor and ...fragmentary information are available for other regions, including the Americas. The present article describes the first description of cat aelurostrongylosis from Amazonia, Brazil. Eighty-one cats, 13 from a shelter and 68 admitted at the Teaching and Research Unit in Veterinary Medicine (UV) at the Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Brazil, were included in the study. For all cats, three faecal samples from consecutive defecations were examined using the Baermann’s technique. Nematode first stage larvae (L1), retrieved in 2/81 (2.5%) samples, were microscopically identified as A. abstrusus and then subjected to a molecular assay able to identify the three most important species of metastrongyloids infecting felids. This test confirmed the A. abstrusus identity in one sample, while the second scored negative. The cat with confirmed aelurostrongylosis showed radiographic changes, i.e., an interstitial pattern, compatible with the infection. The other cat, which scored positive at the Baermann’s examination, was apparently healthy at the physical examination and showed no thoracic alterations. The occurrence of A. abstrusus in domestic cats from Brazilian Amazon is herein demonstrated for the first time. Clinical, epizootiological and molecular implications are discussed.
This prospective, comparative, randomized, horizontal, and double-blind clinical study investigated the clinical efficacy of leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (PRP, n=8) or allogeneic ...adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC, n=8) in dogs with bilateral degenerative hip joint disease (DHJD). Sixteen dogs were treated with two intra-articular injections of PRP or ADSCs, within a 30-day interval. The Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI), and Visual Analogue Scales for pain (VAS-pain) and locomotion (VAS-loc) were assessed by the dog owners. Analysis-of-gait using a force plate, response to palpation (VAS-palp), and the descriptive numerical scale for pain (DNS) were measured by a veterinarian. The assessments were performed before (baseline), 30 and 60 days after the first treatment. Data were analyzed using the unpaired-t test, paired Wilcoxon test, Fisher´s exact test, and Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (P<0.05). Compared with baseline HCPI, CBPI, VAS-pain, and VAS-palp scores reduced 41%, 52%, 51%, and 48% (P=0.0001–0.03) at 60 days in the ADSC group. In PRP-treated dogs, CBPI, VAS-loc, and DNS scores decreased by 43%, 43%, and 33% at 60 days, respectively (P=0.0003–0.011). Based on CBPI data, the rate of success at 60 days was 75% and 25% in the ADSC and PRP groups (P=0.13), respectively. Both therapies were apparently safe and effective to reduce chronic pain in dogs with bilateral DHJD during a 60-day period. However, a trend towards greater improvement was provided by the ADSC treatment.
The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an economically important fruit pest in the Americas. Food attractants are used as bait in traps for monitoring the ...population of flies in orchards, but their effectiveness differs with location, fruit fly variety, and the type of trap deployed. In this work, we tested the effectiveness of a hydrolyzed protein, BioAnastrepha®, and a yeast extract, Bionis YE MF®, under field conditions and in a laboratory bioassay and identified the main volatile compounds emitted from such mixtures. Hydrolyzed protein and yeast extract were attractive in a wind tunnel, but in the field, hydrolyzed protein was not attractive and only pure yeast extract and yeast extract with sugar were attractive for A. obliqua. Sugar alone was not attractive to the flies in either experiment. Yeast extract itself is a good attractant for A. obliqua. The addition of sugar, however, will stimulate feeding, which could be useful in insecticide-bait sprays.
Background: The avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a development disease caused by ischemic necrosis, which is mainly observed in young dogs. The etiology of the disease remains controversial. ...The diagnosis requires imaging exams such as MRI and radiographs. Thus, the aim of the current study was to retrospectively assess a population of dogs with avascular necrosis of the femoral head in order to feature the disease, as well as to analyze the radiographic appearance of the lesion at the moment of patient consultation.Materials, Methods & Results: The signalment factors of dogs (breed, gender, age and body mass), the affected hind limb, the radiographic appearance of the lesion, the clinical signs at the moment of patient consultation, the time of occurrence and the type of treatment were evaluated. The disease was radiographically classified according to the previously described items. Forty-three cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head were identified, 97.67% presented lameness and pain during palpation of the hip joint; and 54.34%, were 1 week to 4 months old. Females represented 58.13% of the sample, and 65.11% of them weighed from 2.6 to 4.9 kg. Based on the radiographic classification, 4.34% were Grade 1; 32.60%, Grade 2; 8.69%, Grade 3; 19.56%, Grade 4; and 34.78%, Grade 5. The femoral head and neck ostectomy was performed in 42 hind limbs (91.30%); 42.85% of the dogs reached total functional recovery and 26.19% required physiotherapy and rehabilitation.Discussion: The present sample was composed of 25 dogs, which were 6-to-11-month old at the moment of patient consultation, but 17 dogs were 12-to-36-month old at this time; only one dog was older than 36 months. It may be associated with the non-recognition of clinical signs by the owners, rather than with the late-onset form of the disease. With respect to the breed, pinscher, Yorkshire, poodle, Lhasa apso, pug were most frequently observed. However, 7 dogs were crossbreed. Such group differed from that of a review involving 188 cases encompassing West Highland white terrier, Cairn terrier and poodle as the most commonly affected breeds. No sex predilection was found in a study comprising 188 cases, but in another study comprising 14 dogs, female predilection was observed. Likewise, the females represented 58.13% of cases in the present study; and 41.86% of the participants were male. The mean body mass of the dogs in the current study was 4.33 kg, which matches the small breed dogs, which are most affected by the disease. Clinical signs of non-weightbearing lameness or an intermittent subtle lameness are common in the avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Lameness of the affected hind limb was observed in 69.76% of the cases in the present study, but 2.32% showed no lameness. Occasionally, the avascular necrosis of the femoral head is bilaterally found in 12% to 16.5% of the cases. Only 3 out of the 43 cases assessed in the present study were bilateral. Since the lesions were more frequent in Grades 2 and 5, there is less chance of success through the conservative treatment. Thus, the femoral head and neck ostectomy was the surgical procedure performed in 42 hind limbs. The procedure is used to provide pain relief and to reduce the signs of lameness. In conclusion, the population assessed in the present study was composed of small size dogs, mean body mass 4.33 kg, no sex predilection, mostly presenting unilateral lesions and higher Grade 2 and Grade 5 radiographic lesion frequency.Keywords: radiographic, joint, canine, hip.
Background: The avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a development disease caused by ischemic necrosis, which is mainly observed in young dogs. The etiology of the disease remains controversial. ...The diagnosis requires imaging exams such as MRI and radiographs. Thus, the aim of the current study was to retrospectively assess a population of dogs with avascular necrosis of the femoral head in order to feature the disease, as well as to analyze the radiographic appearance of the lesion at the moment of patient consultation.Materials, Methods & Results: The signalment factors of dogs (breed, gender, age and body mass), the affected hind limb, the radiographic appearance of the lesion, the clinical signs at the moment of patient consultation, the time of occurrence and the type of treatment were evaluated. The disease was radiographically classified according to the previously described items. Forty-three cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head were identified, 97.67% presented lameness and pain during palpation of the hip joint; and 54.34%, were 1 week to 4 months old. Females represented 58.13% of the sample, and 65.11% of them weighed from 2.6 to 4.9 kg. Based on the radiographic classification, 4.34% were Grade 1; 32.60%, Grade 2; 8.69%, Grade 3; 19.56%, Grade 4; and 34.78%, Grade 5. The femoral head and neck ostectomy was performed in 42 hind limbs (91.30%); 42.85% of the dogs reached total functional recovery and 26.19% required physiotherapy and rehabilitation.Discussion: The present sample was composed of 25 dogs, which were 6-to-11-month old at the moment of patient consultation, but 17 dogs were 12-to-36-month old at this time; only one dog was older than 36 months. It may be associated with the non-recognition of clinical signs by the owners, rather than with the late-onset form of the disease. With respect to the breed, pinscher, Yorkshire, poodle, Lhasa apso, pug were most frequently observed. However, 7 dogs were crossbreed. Such group differed from that of a review involving 188 cases encompassing West Highland white terrier, Cairn terrier and poodle as the most commonly affected breeds. No sex predilection was found in a study comprising 188 cases, but in another study comprising 14 dogs, female predilection was observed. Likewise, the females represented 58.13% of cases in the present study; and 41.86% of the participants were male. The mean body mass of the dogs in the current study was 4.33 kg, which matches the small breed dogs, which are most affected by the disease. Clinical signs of non-weightbearing lameness or an intermittent subtle lameness are common in the avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Lameness of the affected hind limb was observed in 69.76% of the cases in the present study, but 2.32% showed no lameness. Occasionally, the avascular necrosis of the femoral head is bilaterally found in 12% to 16.5% of the cases. Only 3 out of the 43 cases assessed in the present study were bilateral. Since the lesions were more frequent in Grades 2 and 5, there is less chance of success through the conservative treatment. Thus, the femoral head and neck ostectomy was the surgical procedure performed in 42 hind limbs. The procedure is used to provide pain relief and to reduce the signs of lameness. In conclusion, the population assessed in the present study was composed of small size dogs, mean body mass 4.33 kg, no sex predilection, mostly presenting unilateral lesions and higher Grade 2 and Grade 5 radiographic lesion frequency.
A endometriose acomete 7 milhões de mulheres no Brasil, principalmente entre 25 e 29 anos. Essa doença ocorre quando há partes do tecido endometrial em locais extraútero. Seu mecanismo ...fisiopatológico pode ser explicado por três teorias, sendo a menstruação retrógada a principal causa da implantação do tecido endometrial de maneira ectópica, o que produz irritação local e uma série de sintomas. Objetivos. Esse artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o tratamento para endometriose disponível na Rede Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME) em comparação com o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas do Ministério da Saúde. Métodos. Esse artigo tem como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, em que o material bibliográfico teve como base a utilização do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas do Ministério da Saúde e a Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME). Resultados. A Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME) de 2022 disponibiliza quatro medicamentos para o tratamento da endometriose, que são análogos do GnRH e o Danazol. Enquanto que o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas do Ministério da Saúde descreve seis medicamentos como possibilidades de tratamento, sendo análogos do GnRH, progestágenos, anticoncepcionais orais e o Danazol. Conclusão. Diante das informações coletadas e das comparações realizadas, foi possível identificar que o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas do Ministério da Saúde sobre Endometriose abrange um tratamento mais completo diante de tantas especificidades da endometriose, englobando tratamento para casos leves e moderados com efeitos adversos mais leves.
A obesidade é uma complicação mundial e está aumentando sua prevalência a cada tempo que passa, acarretando sérias implicações para indivíduos, sociedade e economia. Sendo uma das principais causas ...de morbidade e mortalidade, aumentando significativamente o risco de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) e outras condições de saúde. Porém, apesar das opções terapêuticas disponíveis, muitos pacientes não alcançam as metas de peso ou até mesmo não conseguem controlar somente com mudanças de hábitos de vida para melhora de seus quadros. Dessa forma, está sendo analisado os agentes incretinomiméticos que são agonistas hormonais, conhecidos também como análogos do GIP e do GLP-1, onde têm se destacado como uma abordagem inovadora não somente para perda de peso, mas também para controle das síndromes metabólicas. Ele age de forma central e periférica, reduzindo a ingestão alimentar e do apetite, aumento da saciedade e diminuição do esvaziamento gástrico, afetando as células adiposas, o metabolismo ósseo e o sistema cardiovascular. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura por meio da plataforma pubmed, com seleção e análise criteriosa dos artigos, a fim de elucidar os aspectos dos análogos incretínicos como modalidade terapêutica da obesidade. Nesta revisão foi identificada uma relação positiva no seu mecanismo de ação, estimulando a secreção de insulina, inibindo o glucagon e modulando o sistema nervoso autônomo, onde atua influenciando a regulação metabólica após a injeção subcutânea, melhorando de absorção alimentar e até mesmo no controle do apetite. A análise busca contribuir para um entendimento mais aprofundado dos benefícios, da sua eficácia, segurança e prognóstico visto que altera o contexto das síndromes metabólicas no contexto do controle da obesidade.
PDF
