Health-related absenteeism impacts individuals, companies, and society. Its consequences are reflected in the cost of benefits, substitutes, and reduced productivity. Research shows that ...musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related health problem reported by hospital staff. This study determines the groups at the Ljubljana University Medical Centre that are most susceptible to MSDs, especially low back pain.
Using data from the Health Data Centre of the Slovenian National Public Health Institute and the medical centre, this cross-sectional study analysed absenteeism among medical centre employees. The correlation between MSD / low-back pain risk factors and incidence was determined using logistic regression. An odds ratio was calculated to determine the probability of MSDs, most especially low back pain via sex, age, occupation, and education.
Sick leave at the medical centre is higher than 5%, exceeding the Slovenian healthcare sector average. MSDs, as the main reason for absence, is significantly more frequent in women, non-medical staff, and employees with a maximum secondary school education. Among the MSDs, low back pain predominates as a reason for absence and is most frequent among nurses, midwives, and employees of 20 to 44.9 years old.
This study offers insight into the health status of medical centre employees. The high percentage of sick leave is mainly due to musculoskeletal disorders, including low back pain. This is an important basis for further monitoring and analysis of sick leave indicators and for planning systematic and continuous workplace health-promoting measures to manage ergonomic risk factors and reduce health-related absenteeism.
The number and diversity of yeasts on grape berry surfaces are influenced by several factors, such as grape variety, degree of grape maturity at harvest, climatological conditions, geographic ...location, physical damage of grapes, the intensity of pest management etc. Cviček is a typical Slovene wine, which has obtained a special protection under the Slovene Wine Law for its geographical origin. This blended red wine is produced from different grape varieties (
Vitis vinifera L.), mostly from red grapes of Žametovka and Modra frankinja and from white grapes of Kraljevina. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of geographical locations in the Dolenjska vine-growing region and to obtain precise information about the influence of different grape varieties on the composition of yeast community on grape berries. The restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR-amplified fragments from the rDNA gene cluster (PCR RFLP of rDNA) has been used for the differentiation of yeast species. The standard identification procedure has been performed on representative strains that shared identical RFLP profiles. The number of yeasts and yeast species isolated varied according to different grape varieties, Žametovka, Modra frankinja and Kraljevina (
V. vinifera L.) and according to different sampling location. On the surface of grape berries 13 different yeast species have been identified.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has not been found.
Biocontrol activities of different yeast species and strains isolated from grape/must/ wine environments have been compared to those of commercially available antagonistic yeast species of Candida ...oleophila. A total of 591 yeast isolates were tested in a preliminary screening on agar to select isolates showing inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea, the plant pathogen causing grey mould disease on grape. Yeast species Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Pichia guilliermondii showed, on average, higher biocontrol activity than commercially used yeast Candida oleophila. Furthermore, these three species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is potentially interesting biocontrol agent against grey mould of grapes, were selected for their inhibitory effects and assayed in vitro on different solid synthetic media for their antagonistic capacity towards B. cinerea. The results indicate that the composition of the medium had an impact on the biocontrol activity of yeast species and strains, as Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the highest antagonistic activity against B. cinerea when tested on media with increased concentrations of glucose. The antagonistic activity of selected yeast strains was finally determined on wounded and sound grape berries of cultivars Rebula and Chardonnay for their ability to inhibit infection by B. cinerea moulds. Results suggest that antagonist yeasts with the potential to control B. cinerea on grape can be found among the microflora associated with the berries. Key words: biocontrol agents, Botrytis cinerea, grey mould, antagonism, grapes, wine yeasts
Ispitana je aktivnost različitih vrsta i sojeva kvasaca, izoliranih iz grožđa, mošta i vina, u sprečavanju bolesti grožđa, i to u usporedbi s komercijalnim kvascem Candida oleophila, koji djeluje kao ...antagonist. Na pločama agara preliminarno je ispitan 591 izolat kvasca radi odabira onih koji inhibiraju uzročnika sive plijesni na grožđu (Botrytis cinerea). Kvasci Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima i Pichia guilliermondii prosječno su imali veću aktivnost od kvasca Candida oleophila. Uzgojem in vitro na različitim sintetičkim podlogama proučena je mogućnost uporabe tih vrsta kvasaca, a i kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae, za biološko suzbijanje sive plijesni B. cinerea. Rezultati pokazuju da sastav podloge utječe na aktivnost kvasaca. Kvasac Saccharomyces cerevisiae u podlozi s povećanim udjelom glukoze imao je najizraženiji antagonistički učinak na B. cinerea. Ispitana je antagonistička aktivnost odabranih kvasaca na oštećenim i neoštećenim bobicama grožđa sorata Rebula i Chardonnay. Rezultati pokazuju da se iz prirodne mikrobne populacije grožđa mogu izdvojiti kvasci što imaju antagonistički učinak na sivu plijesan B. cinerea.
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