Large scale development of tight oil resources in US started after 2010. with following five-year period of favorable steady increase in crude oil price. During this relatively short expansion cycle, ...operating and capital expenses changed drastically for main tight oil plays due to technological improvements in both well drilling and completion, expansion of service sector as well as loose government monetary policy which allowed favorable financing. This paper analyzed trends in costs during expansion period, as well as correlation of oil price to number of operating rigs and production quotas. After 2008/2009. world financial crisis economy recovery in US was somewhat sluggish and it caused extreme volatile environment in both equity and commodity markets. In such volatile environment intra-day crude oil prices, as well as other commodities and equities, show significant reaction to monthly published macroeconomic indicator reports, which give better overviews of trends in economic recovery. Prior to announcement, these reports always have forecasted value determined by consensus among market analysts. Therefore, any positive or negative surprise in real value tends to influence price of oil. This paper investigated influence of such macroeconomic reports to closing intraday oil price, as well as effect of other important daily market indices. Analysis showed that only Producer Price Index (PPI), among other indicators, has statistical significance of affecting intraday closing oil price.
Large scale development of tight oil resources in the USA started after 2010 with a following five-year period of favourable steady increase in crude oil price. During this relatively short expansion ...cycle, operating and capital expenses changed drastically for main tight oil plays due to technological improvements in both well drilling and completion, the expansion of the service sector as well as the loose government monetary policy which allowed favourable financing. This paper analysed trends in costs during the expansion period, as well as the correlation of oil price to a number of operating rigs and production quotas. After 2008/2009, the world financial crisis economy recovery in the USA was somewhat sluggish and it caused an extremely volatile environment in both equity and commodity markets. In such a volatile environment intraday crude oil prices, as well as other commodities and equities, show a significant reaction to monthly published macroeconomic indicator reports, which give better overviews of trends in economic recovery. Prior to the announcement, these reports have always forecasted value determined by a consensus among market analysts. Therefore, any positive or negative surprise in real value tends to influence the price of oil. This paper investigated the influence of such macroeconomic reports to closing intraday oil price, as well as the effect of other important daily market indices. Analysis showed that only the Producer Price Index (PPI), among other indicators, has a statistical significance of affecting intraday closing oil price.
Tijekom bušenja konvencionalnih i nekonven- cionalnih ležišta nafte i plina, inženjeri se svakod- nevno susreću s novim izazovima. Razvojem tehno- logije i istraživanjem novih pristupa u rješavanju ...praktičnih problema pokušavaju se na što isplativiji način eksploatirati pridobive rezerve ugljikovodika. Jedna od vrlo bitnih komponenti za uspješnu izradu kanala bušotine je svakako isplaka. Posljednjih godina, svojstva isplake pokušavaju se poboljšati dodavanjem nanočestica. Nanočestice su čestice veli- čine 1 do 100 nanometara (1nm= 10-9m). Dodavanjem nanočestica u isplaku uočena su poboljšanja u: smanjenju filtracije, ojačanju stjenki kanala bušotine i povećanju njegove stabilnosti, smanjenju torzije i natega, smanjenju mogućnosti prihvata i drugo. U radu su prikazani rezultati laboratorijskih ispi- tivanja utjecaja koncentracije komercijalno dostu- pnih nanočestica SiO2 i TiO2 na reološka svojstva, filtraciju i debljinu isplačnog obloga isplake na bazi vode. Ispitivanja su provedena dodavanjem različi- tih koncentracija nanočestica silicijevog dioksida (SiO2) (0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75% i 1,0% mas.) i titanovog dioksida (TiO2) (0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75% i 1,0% mas.) u osnovnu isplaku.
Ubrzani razvoj nekonvencionalnih ležišta nafte u SAD-u započeo je 2010. godine, uz naredno petogodišnje razdoblje sa stabilnim i relativno visokim cijenama nafte na tržištu. Tijekom toga relativno ...kratkoga perioda ekspanzije došlo je do znatnijih promjena u kapitalnim i operativnim troškovima zbog neprestanoga tehnološkog napretka u bušenju i opremanju, rastu pratećega naftno-servisnog sektora te povoljnijega financiranja projekata uz državnu politiku monetarnoga popuštanja. U radu su analizirani trendovi u troškovima razvoja nekonvencionalnih ležišta te ovisnost kretanja cijene nafte (WTI – West Texas Intermediate) o intenzitetu broja aktivnih bušotina i ukupnim proizvodnim kvotama s najvećih ležišta nekonvencionalne nafte. Nakon svjetske financijske krize iz 2008./2009. ekonomski oporavak u SAD-u bio je donekle usporen, što je uzrokovalo ekstremnu volatilnost na dioničkim i robnim tržištima. U takvim nesigurnim uvjetima dnevna kretanja cijena nafte te vrijednosti dionica i roba pokazuju znatno reagiranje na periodične izvještaje o promjenama glavnih makroekonomskih indikatora kao glavnih pokazatelja trenda ekonomskoga oporavka. Prije nego što državne institucije objave takve izvještaje, postoje i predviđanja vrijednosti indikatora temeljem anketa među ekonomskim analitičarima i očekivanim trendovima. Stoga, bilo kakvo pozitivno ili negativno iznenađenje prilikom objave stvarnih podataka u odnosu na predviđeno utječe na dnevno kretanje cijene nafte. U ovome radu statistički su analizi rani utjecaji takvih promjena u makroekonomskim indikatorima na dnevnu završnu cijenu nafte te utjecaj ostalih važnijih burzovnih indeksa u SAD-u. Analiza je pokazala da od makroekonomskih indikatora najveći utjecaj na dnevne pomake u cijeni nafte ima indeks industrijskih proizvođačkih cijena (PPI – Producer Price Index) kao temeljni indeks pokazatelja inflacije.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is a lipid-driven inflammatory disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lipid deposits in the arterial wall lead to the formation of ...plaques that involve lipid oxidation, cellular necrosis, and complement activation, resulting in inflammation and thrombosis. The present study found that homozygous deletion of the CFHR1 gene, which encodes the plasma complement protein factor H-related protein 1 (FHR-1), was protective in two cohorts of patients with ACVD, suggesting that FHR-1 accelerates inflammation and exacerbates the disease. To test this hypothesis, FHR-1 was isolated from human plasma and was found to circulate on extracellular vesicles and to be deposited in atherosclerotic plaques. Surface-bound FHR-1 induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue factor in both monocytes and neutrophils. Notably, plasma concentrations of FHR-1, but not of factor H, were significantly (p < 0.001) elevated in patients with ACVD, and correlated with the expression of the inflammation markers C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein serum amyloid protein A, and neopterin. FHR-1 expression also significantly correlated with plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < 0.0001) but not high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Taken together, these findings suggest that FHR-1 is associated with ACVD.
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