The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from ...the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents--LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of Joao Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.
Introduction: the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) feasibility study aims to develop valid and reliable indicators to investigate health-related behavior and ...nutritional status in children and adolescents. Anthropometric measurements are one of the evaluated indicators in the study. The accuracy of the anthropometric data is very important and relies in the quality of the measurements. Objective: to describe the intra-observer reliability of ten anthropometric measurements: weight, height, circumferences (neck, arm, waist, hip) and skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, biceps and suprailiac) of children and adolescents from six South American cities: Lima, Medellin, Montevideo, Santiago, San Pablo and Teresina. Methods: prior to the study, fieldworkers from the seven centers participated in central training to ensure the application of standardized procedures in the anthropometric measurements. Intra-observer precision, technical error of measurement (TEM) and coefficient of reliability (R) were estimated for each measurement. Results: reliability of weight and height was above 99% in almost all cities. TEM for skinfold thickness was below 1.4 mm in children and 2.13 mm in adolescents, while reliability was above 95% in most of the skinfold measurements. TEM for circumferences was below 1.8 cm in children and 0.64 cm in adolescents, while reliability was above 99% in almost all circumferences. Conclusions: reliability of the anthropometric measurements in this study was high. In comparison with similar European or American studies, the reliability of the measurements taken in our study was, in most cases, similar or even higher.
Purpose
To evaluate whether adolescents with a positive score in a screening tool for possible eating disorders (ED) have a different diet intake in comparison with those with a negative score.
...Methods
Cross-sectional study performed in 235 adolescents (37.9 % boys) from Zaragoza (Spain). Age, gender, BMI, maternal education, nutrient intake (7-day record) and screening tool for detecting ED sick control on fat food test (SCOFF) were assessed. ANCOVA test was used to determine nutrient intake differences (namely energy, macronutrients and micronutrients) according to the SCOFF total score (SCOFF ≥2 indicates a possible case of ED). ANCOVA test was adjusted by age, maternal education and BMI. This research was based on data from the cross-sectional multicenter Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes españoles (Feeding and Assessment of Nutritional status of Spanish Adolescents) study.
Results
The proportion of adolescents with possible symptoms of ED was 21.7 %. Girls SCOFF high-scorers (SCOFF+) mean daily energy intake was significantly lower than in those SCOFF low-scorers (SCOFF−) (
P
< 0.001); however, in boys there was no difference. Both in girls and boys, there were no statistically significant differences according to SCOFF questionnaire for macronutrient intake, adjusted by daily energy intake. Concerning micronutrients, in girls with SCOFF+ sodium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, vitamin B
2
and niacin intakes were significantly lower than in those with SCOFF−; however, in boys, there were no differences.
Conclusions
Adolescent girls with current possible symptoms of ED presented lower total energy intake and several micronutrients intake compared with their peers without ED.
Small for gestational age (SGA) children without catch-up growth can benefit from treatment with growth hormone (rhGH). However, they should be monitored very closely because they are at increased ...risk of metabolic syndrome.
A group of 28 SGA children with a mean age of 8.79 years and undergoing treatment with rhGH were selected for evaluation. Over the course of 4 years, an annual evaluation was performed on the anthropometric variables (weight, height, body mass index BMI, growth rate, blood pressure and waist perimeter), metabolic risk variables (glycaemia, glycosylated haemoglobin, cholesterol ratio, insulinaemia, insulin-like growth factor 1IGF1, IGF binding protein-3 IGFBP-3, IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio, and HOMA index), and body composition variables.
Treatment with rhGH was associated with a significant increase in height (-2.76±.11 SD to -1.53±.17 SD, P=.000), weight (-1.50±.09 SD to -1.21±.13 SD; P=.016), and growth rate (-1.43±.35 SD to .41±.41 SD; P=.009), without a corresponding change in the BMI. Insulinaemia (9.33±1.93mU/ml to 16.55±1.72mU/ml; P=.044) and the HOMA index (3.63±.76 to 6.43±.67; P=.042) increased, approaching insulin resistance levels. No changes were observed in the lipid profile. Body composition changes were observed, with a significant increase in lean mass (73.19±1.26 to 78.74±1.31; P=.037), and a reduction of fat mass (26.81±1.26 to 21.26±1.31; P=.021).
Treatment with rhGH is effective for improving anthropometric variables in SGA patients who have not experienced a catch-up growth. It also produces changes in body composition, which may lead to a reduction in risk of metabolic syndrome. However, some insulin resistance was observed. It is important to follow up this patient group in order to find out whether these changes persist into adulthood.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from ...the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents--LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of Joao Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods. Key words Overweight, Sedentary lifestyle, Diet, Adolescents O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relacao entre tempo gasto em comportamentos sedentarios, dieta e excesso de peso em adolescentes. Estudo transversal com dados do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentario, Atividade Fisica, Habitos Alimentares e Saude do Adolescente--Estudo LONCAAFS. Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos) de escolas publicas de Joao Pessoa, Brasil. Para avaliar os efeitos combinados do tempo excessivo no comportamento sedentario e no consumo de dois grupos de alimentos: Conveniencia e Prudente sobre o excesso de peso, foram realizadas analises de regressao logistica multipla, ajustadas para energia, nivel de atividade fisica, sexo e idade. O tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentario aumentou em 37% a chance de os adolescentes apresentarem excesso de peso (OR = 1,37; IC95%: 1,041,80). Essa chance aumentou para 43% quando os adolescentes apresentaram, simultaneamente, comportamento sedentario excessivo e alto consumo do grupo de alimentos de conveniencia (OR = 1,43; IC95%: 1,05-1,94), e aumentou para 39% naqueles com excesso de comportamento sedentario e baixo consumo de alimentos do Prudente (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,84). O comportamento sedentario excessivo esta associado ao excesso de peso e a chance aumenta com o consumo de alimentos convenientes. Palavras-chave Excesso de peso, Comportamento sedentario, Dieta, Adolescentes
The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from ...the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents - LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.
Objective: To assess the effect of lamb consumption (Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), Ternasco de Aragón) on health indicators including body composition and cardiovascular risk indicators of ...healthy young Spanish students living in the area of Aragón, Spain. Methodology: A randomized-controlled and cross-over trial (two periods of 8 weeks duration) assessing changes on body composition (body mass index and skinfold thicknesses) and cardiovascular risk indicators of 50 participants randomly assigned to follow a normocaloric diet with lamb (Ternasco de Aragón) or chicken. Body composition and serum cardiovascular risk profiles were measured both at baseline and follow-up. Results: Healthy men (n = 22) and women (n = 28), aged 19.43 ± 0.85 years were studied. Suprailiac skinfold thickness and waist circumference significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the lamb-consumption group compared to the chicken based diet group. No significant changes were observed in the rest of the variables in either group. Tryacilglicerol and insulin serum concentrations significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the lamb-consumption group compared to the chicken based diet group. Conclusions: The results suggest that regular consumption of lamb (Ternasco de Aragón) can be integrated into a healthy, varied and well-balanced diet, as body composition and cardiovascular risk profile changes are similar or even healthier to those observed following chicken consumption.
Purpose
This prospective study explores high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in relation to dietary patterns at two time points in European children.
Methods
Out of the baseline sample ...of the IDEFICS study (
n
= 16,228), 4020 children, aged 2–9 years at baseline, with available hs-CRP levels and valid data from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (T0) and 2 years later (T1) were included. K-means clustering algorithm based on the similarities between relative food consumption frequencies of the FFQ was applied. hs-CRP was dichotomized according to sex-specific cutoff points. Multilevel logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and hs-CRP adjusting for covariates.
Results
Three consistent dietary patterns were found at T0 and T1: ‘animal protein and refined carbohydrate’, ‘sweet and processed’ and ‘healthy’. Children allocated to the ‘protein’ and ‘sweet and processed’ clusters at both time points had significantly higher odds of being in the highest category of hs-CRP (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.03–2.09 for ‘animal protein and refined carbohydrate’ and OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.08–1.92 for ‘sweet and processed’) compared to the ‘healthy’ cluster. The odds remained significantly higher for the ‘sweet and processed’ pattern (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05–1.84) when covariates were included.
Conclusions
A dietary pattern characterized by frequent consumption of sugar and processed products and infrequent consumption of vegetables and fruits over time was independently related with inflammation in European children. Efforts to improve the quality of the diet in childhood may prevent future diseases related with chronic inflammation.
Small for gestational age (SGA) children are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Our objective is to evaluate changes in body composition produced by growth hormone (GH) treatment.
A group of 28 ...SGA children without catch-up growth and undergoing treatment with GH was selected for evaluation. Over the course of 3 years from the beginning of the treatment with GH, the children's body composition variables (bone mineral density BMD, fat and lean body mass proportion) were evaluated annually with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A study of correlation between metabolic and body composition variables was also made.
Treatment with GH produces a reduction in fat mass proportion in relation to lean body mass, decreasing from 25.94±6.09 to 22.88±5.38% (P=.034). In the abdominal regions we observe an increase in lean mass, from 1,356,91±426,71 to 2,570,96±814,36g (P=.000) and a tendency for visceral fat deposits to decrease. BMD in lumbar vertebrae improved from -1.55±0.68 to -0.90±0.79Z (P=.019).
Treatment with GH produces changes in body composition, improving BMD and increasing the proportion of lean body mass with a reduction in fat mass. If these changes persisted into adulthood, they may cause a reduction in the metabolic and cardiovascular risk in this group of patients.
PDF
