Shear-bending cyclic loading tests were performed to investigate structural behavior of shear-yield-precedence short-span beam. Main test parameters are the following: beam-end connection detail ...(only welded or both welded and bolted connection), design principle (designed only for bending or for bending and shear), and beam web detail (stiffened by web stiffeners or with reinforced web openings). Beam-end weld connections do not fracture in the all specimens, and the all test specimens showed good plastic deformation capacity because shear yielding of the web occurred prior to shear buckling; all the test results support feasibility of shear-yield-precedence design of short-span beam.
本研究の目的は，授業中の意見相違場面に焦点をあて，小学生の対人葛藤解決方略をQOL（Quality of ...Life）の観点から検討することであった。小学4年生，6年生計421名（男子202名，女子219名）を対象に質問紙調査を行った。はじめに，解決方略により児童を類型化した。クラスター分析の結果，解決重視群，対話重視群，他者変化志向群，自己抑制群，消極的解決群の5群を抽出した。つぎに，この5群によるQOLの違いを検討した。各群を独立変数，「小学生版QOL尺度」の「QOL総得点」と5つの下位領域得点を従属変数とする1要因分散分析を行った。主な結果は以下の通りであった。1）「QOL総得点」と3つの下位領域得点（情緒的Well-being,友だち，学校生活）において群の主効果が認められた。2）対話重視群は，「QOL総得点」と「情緒的Well-being」が解決重視群，他者変化志向群，自己抑制群より高く，「友だち」と「学校生活」が解決重視群より高いことが明らかになった。3）解決重視群は，「情緒的Well-being」に加え「友だち」と「学校生活」の低さが示された。これらの結果から，小学生の授業中の意見相違場面における葛藤解決方略とQOLには関連のあることが示唆された。
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is a key enzyme in the signaling pathways of 3-phosphorylated polyphosphoinositides. The natural PI purified from bovine liver, which mainly contains ...arachidonate at the sn-2 position, is an excellent substrate of PI 3-kinase. However, synthetic distearate PI and synthetically hydrogenated natural PI were not phosphorylated by PI 3-kinase. In this study, phosphatidylinositols with saturated sn-2 fatty acids were evaluated the phosphorylation reaction with PI 3-kinase. A standard fatty acids mixture of PI PI(C4)〜PI(C16) at the sn-2 center was synthesized from an equimolar mixture of seven carboxylic acids (C4, C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, C16), and the PI mixture was subjected to the enzymatic reaction with PI 3-kinase. Negative ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction mixture using a matrix (triethanolamine: glycerol=3: 1) showed the apparent ion peaks of monophosphorylated PI(C4), PI(C6) and PI(C8) analogs. Short sn-2 fatty acid analogs such as PI(4) and PI(C8) were proved to be excellent substrates of PI 3-kinase by means of independent phosphorylation experiments with sythetic PI. In these experiments, after PI 3-kinase reaction of the synthetic PI with γ-^ P-ATP, the resulting phosphorylated products were analyzed by TLC. The present results open a new window on the design of phosphatidylinositols with saturated sn-2 fatty acids, which are apparently more stable than natural ones.
To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and clinical effects of the newly developed combination antibiotic tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC, YP-14) on various infections in pediatric field, a study group ...was organized, and a joint research by 17 institutions and their related hospitals was conducted. Informed consents of subjects were obtained prior to the study. The results obtained in this study are as follows: 1. Blood concentration and urinary excretion Pharmacokinetics of TAZ/PIPC was studied in children at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg through intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion. With intravenous injection, maximum blood concentrations (Cmax's) of TAZ and PIPC were achieved 5 minutes after the administration. Cmax's of TAZ were 26.9 micrograms/ml with 25 mg/kg and 45.1 micrograms/ml with 50 mg/kg, and those of PIPC were 131.0 and 199.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. Values of the total area under the blood concentration curve (AUC's) of TAZ were 14.2 micrograms.hr/ml with 25 mg/kg and 26.1 micrograms.hr/ml with 50 mg/kg, and those of PIPC were 64.0 and 112.8 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively; thus dose dependency was observed with both TAZ and PIPC. The Cmax's of desethyl piperacillin (DEt-PIPC), the active metabolite of PIPC, achieved at 60 minutes after administration, were 1.2 and 2.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. The AUC's of DEt-PIPC were 2.6 and 4.2 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. The half-lives (T 1/2's) of TAZ were 0.60 and 0.54 hour, respectively, and those of PIPC were 0.62 and 0.65 hour, respectively. In the first 6 hours after the initiation of administration, the cumulative recovery rates of TAZ in the urine were 46.7 and 56.0% respectively, those of PIPC were 46.1 and 57.2%, respectively, and those of DEt-PIPC were 5.9 and 3.0%, respectively. With intravenous drip infusion, the Cmax's of both TAZ and PIPC were achieved at the completion of drip; the Cmax's of TAZ were 12.1 micrograms/ml with 25 mg/kg and 28.9 micrograms/ml with 50 mg/kg, and those of PIPC were 54.6 and 137.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The AUC's of TAZ were 11.6 micrograms.hr/ml with 25 mg/kg and 25.6 micrograms.hr/ml with 50 mg/kg, and those of PIPC were 49.0 and 117.2 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively; thus dose dependency was observed with both TAZ and PIPC. Cmax's of DEt-PIPC, achieved at 60 minutes after completion of drip, were 0.9 and 1.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. The AUC's of DEt-PIPC were 2.0 and 3.8 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. The half-lives (T 1/2's) of TAZ were 0.59 and 0.62 hour, respectively, and those of PIPC were 0.58 and 0.57 hour, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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