Objective
This study was initiated and conducted by several laboratories, 3 of the main cosmetic ingredient suppliers and 4 brands of cosmetics in France. Its objective is to show the interest and ...robustness of coupling chemical and genetic analyses in the identification of plant species. In this study, the Lavandula genus was used.
Methods
In this study, we used two analytical methods. Chemical analysis from UHPLC (ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography) and genetic analysis from barcoding with genetic markers.
Results
Eleven lavender species were selected (botanically authenticated) and analysed. The results show that three chemical compounds (coumaric acid hexoside, ferulic acid hexoside and rosmarinic acid) and three genetic markers (RbcL, trnH‐psbA and ITS) are of interest for the differentiation of species of the genus lavandula.
Conclusion
The results show that the combination of complementary analytical methods is a relevant system to prove the botanical identification of lavender species. This first study, carried out on a plant of interest for cosmetics, demonstrates the need for authentication using a tool combining genetic and chemical analysis as an advance over traditional investigation methods used alone, in terms of identification and authentication reliability.
Résumé
Objectif
Cette étude a été lancée et menée par plusieurs laboratoires, trois des principaux fournisseurs d’ingrédients cosmétiques et quatre marques de cosmétiques en France. Son objectif est de montrer qu’associer les analyses chimiques et génétiques dans l’identification des espèces végétales présente un intérêt et est une approche solide. Dans cette étude, c’est le genre Lavandula qui a été utilisé.
Méthodes
Dans cette étude, nous avons fait appel à deux méthodes analytiques. L’analyse chimique, à partir de la chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance (ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC), et l’analyse génétique en procédant à un codage à barres avec des marqueurs génétiques.
Résultats
Onze espèces de lavande ont été sélectionnées (authentifiées du point de vue botanique) et analysées. Les résultats montrent que trois composés chimiques (acide coumarique hexoside, acide ferulique hexoside et acide rosmarinique) et trois marqueurs génétiques (RbcL, trnH‐psbA et ITS) présentent un intérêt pour la différenciation des espèces du genre lavandula.
Conclusion
Les résultats montrent que la combinaison de méthodes analytiques complémentaires est un système pertinent pour prouver l’identification végétale des espèces de lavande. Cette première étude, réalisée sur une plante qui offre un intérêt pour les cosmétiques, démontre la nécessité de procéder à une authentification à l’aide d’un outil qui conjugue analyse génétique et chimique ; elle représente une avancée par rapport aux méthodes d’investigation traditionnelles utilisées seules, en termes d’identification et de fiabilité de l’authentification.
Marine polysaccharides are part of the huge seaweeds resources and present many applications for several industries. In order to widen their potential as additives or bioactive compounds, some ...structural modifications have been studied. Among them, simple hydrophobization reactions have been developed in order to yield to grafted polysaccharides bearing acyl-, aryl-, alkyl-, and alkenyl-groups or fatty acid chains. The resulting polymers are able to present modified physicochemical and/or biological properties of interest in the current pharmaceutical, cosmetics, or food fields. This review covers the chemical structures of the main marine polysaccharides, and then focuses on their structural modifications, and especially on hydrophobization reactions mainly esterification, acylation, alkylation, amidation, or even cross-linking reaction on native hydroxyl-, amine, or carboxylic acid functions. Finally, the question of the necessary requirement for more sustainable processes around these structural modulations of marine polysaccharides is addressed, considering the development of greener technologies applied to traditional polysaccharides.
A 20 dB gain 12 cores Er<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{3+}</tex-math></inline-formula>/Yb<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{3+}</tex-math></inline-formula> co-doped cladding ...pumped amplifier in C-band with only 5.3 W of pump power has been achieved. A classical rate equation model has been applied for the amplifier design. Parameters such as active fiber length, pump power and ions concentration have been investigated and optimized. Results obtained through numerical simulation and experimental investigations are compared. Different use cases of MC-EYDFA have been studied, such as various transmission configuration or multi-core amplifier in ROADM architectures. 1200-km with 200G DP-QPSK and 300 km with 400G DP-16QAM are achieved in serial configuration at 1550 nm. This is a first step towards SDM transmission using power efficient amplifiers, for cost, energy and footprint saving.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are highly aggressive malignant tumors with poor overall prognosis despite multimodal therapy. As ATC are extremely rare, no randomized controlled study has been ...published for metastatic disease. Thyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially lenvatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, are emerging drugs for ATC. Few studies have reported the efficacity of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib association, resulting in its frequent off-label use. In this review, we discuss rationale efficacy and safety evidence for the association of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in ATC. First, we discuss preclinical rationale for pembrolizumab monotherapy, lenvatinib monotherapy and synergistic action of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib in the metastatic setting. We also discuss clinical evidence for immunotherapy and pembrolizumab in ATC through the analysis of studies evaluating immunotherapy, lenvatinib and pembrolizumab lenvatinib association in ATC. In addition, we discuss the safety of this association and potential predictive biomarkers of efficiency.
•DMTMM promoted efficient amidation of alginate oligosaccharides (AOS).•AOS were functionalized with amino acids and carbohydrates.•Grafting conferred improved stability to AOS against alginate ...lyases.•Mannose-grafted AOS exhibited multivalent inhibition of Con A lectin.
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) with a weight average molecular weight of 5 kDa were efficiently amidated with amino acids and carbohydrates in aqueous media in the presence of 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM). Here, alanine, leucine, serine, as well as mannose and rhamnose, were amidated at high yields with a good control of the degree of substitution (DS). Amino acid- and carbohydrate-grafted AOS showed improved stability against degradation by alginate lyases having different specificities. This enzyme resistance was correlated with the DS: hydrolysis was reduced by 60–70% for low DS (0.1), whereas AOS with DS ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 remained unhydrolyzed. Competitive inhibition assays demonstrated multivalent binding of mannose-amidated AOS to concanavalin A lectin. A 178-fold affinity enhancement was observed for AOSMan-0.38 (DS 0.38) over α-methyl-mannoside with an IC50 of 5.6 μM, lending further evidence for the promising potential of AOS as multivalent scaffolds.
(CNCM I-5035) secretes an exopolysaccharide used as ingredient in cosmetic industry under the trademark Epidermist 4.0
. It is appreciated for its ability to improve the physical and chemical barrier ...functions of the skin by notably increasing the keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal renewal. Composition analyses and in depth characterization of the polysaccharides as well as oligosaccharides obtained by mild acid hydrolyses revealed that it was composed of a repetition unit of three residues: d-galactose (d-Gal), d-
-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and l-
-acetylguluronic acid, of which 30% (M/M) was acetylated in position 3. The complete structure of the polysaccharide was resolved giving the repetition unit: →3)-α-d-Gal-(1→4)-α-l-GulNAcA/α-l-3OAc-GulNAcA-(1→4)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→.
Internal jugular vein tumor thrombus is an extremely rare condition in thyroid carcinoma, but it does exist. Correlated with greater aggressiveness with a higher incidence of distant metastases at ...diagnosis and a higher recurrence rate, this important prognostic element should be systematically investigated by ultrasound operators in all patients presenting with thyroid carcinoma. The patient's follow-up must be careful. This can be a trap that surgeons must look for in their preoperative checklist. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with an IJV thrombus associated with multiple bone metastases. She underwent successful surgical treatment, and postoperative pathology showed a poorly differentiated follicular carcinoma of the thyroid and a tumor thrombus in the internal jugular vein.
Precise underwater geodetic positioning remains a challenge. Measurements combining surface positioning (GNSS) with underwater acoustic positioning are generally performed from research vessels. Here ...we tested an alternative approach using a small Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) with a compact GNSS/Acoustic experimental set-up, easier to deploy, and more cost-effective. The positioning system included a GNSS receiver directly mounted above an Ultra Short Baseline (USBL) module integrated with an inertial system (INS) to correct for the USV motions. Different acquisition protocols, including box-in circles around transponders and two static positions of the USV, were tested. The experiment conducted in the shallow waters (40 m) of the Bay of Brest, France, provided a data set to derive the coordinates of individual transponders from two-way-travel times, and direction of arrival (DOA) of acoustic rays from the transponders to the USV. Using a least-squares inversion, we show that DOAs improve single transponder positioning both in box-in and static acquisitions. From a series of short positioning sessions (20 min) over 2 days, we achieved a repeatability of ~5 cm in the locations of the transponders. Post-processing of the GNSS data also significantly improved the two-way-travel times residuals compared to the real-time solution.
A rapid growing cervical mass mobile while swallowing is the most common clinical presentation of severe thyroid malignancy. A 91-year-old female patient with a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis ...presented with clinical compressive neck symptoms. The patient had gastric Maltoma diagnosed that was surgically resected thirty years ago. A straightforward process was needed to reach full histological diagnosis and initiate prompt therapy. Ultrasound (US) showed a 67 mm hypoechoic left thyroid mass with reticulated pattern without signs of locoregional invasion. Percutaneous trans isthmic US-guided 18G core needle biopsy (CNB) disclosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the thyroid gland. FDG PET revealed two distinct thyroid and gastric foci (both SUVmax 39.1). Therapy was initiated rapidly to decrease clinical symptoms in this aggressive stage III primitive malignant thyroid lymphoma. The prognostic nomogram was calculated by using a seven-item scale, which disclosed a one-year overall survival rate of 52%. The patient underwent three R-CVP chemotherapy courses, then refused further treatment and died within five months. Real-time US-guided CNB approach led to rapid patient's management that was tailored to patient's characteristics. Transformation of Maltoma into diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into two body areas is deemed to be extremely rare.
PDF
