Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) makes 85-95% of all malignances in the oral cavity. Increasing evidence shows that the Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are preferentially associated with some ...oropharyngeal and OSCCs, namely the genotype 16. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and clinical implications of HPV16 infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma in population of Montenegro.This study included 60 patients with OSCC (localized on the lower lip, tongue or/and floor of the mouth), surgically treated at the Clinical Centre of Montenegro from 2012 to 2018. Surgically obtained formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens were used for histopathological analysis and HPV16 genome detection using standard Polymerase Chain Reaction (primers for detection of E6 gene). Each individual was further followed up for the period of three years and for different clinico-pathological characteristics, including disease free interval (DFI).The prevalence of HPV16 infection in OSCCs was 23.3% and the infection was significantly more common in female patients (P = 0.038). No significant correlation was detectable between HPV16 infection and the patients' age (P = 0.302), tumor site (P = 0.125), tumor grade (P = 0.363) and disease stage (P = 0.995). Observing the total sample the DFI was not significantly different for HPV16-positive versus HPV16-negative patients (P = 0.427), but a gender-based difference in DFI was observed, with the significantly shorter DFI (Log Rank test, P = 0.003) in HPV16 positive female patients compared to male patients (P = 0.003).The results obtained in this study provide scientific evidence for the development of national HPV vaccination program in Montenegro.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat in veterinary medicine due to the excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents, compromising the effectiveness of these drugs. To ...combat AMR, the collection of data on the consumption of antibiotics is paramount, as there is a well-established connection between antibiotic use and AMR in both humans and food-producing animals. Hence, the current study aimed to generate measurable data concerning the sales patterns of antimicrobial drugs used in animal treatment in Montenegro over a five-year period (from 2017 to 2021). Furthermore, the study aimed to compare these sales figures with the overall sales of antimicrobial veterinary medicine products (AMVMPs) during the same period, with particular emphasis on the utilization of critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) for human use. Data on AMVMPs consumption from 2017 to 2021 were expressed in euros and were sourced from the Institute for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro (CInMED) annual reports, complying with the regulatory framework of the Law on Medicines in this country. Research results indicate that the sales of AMVMPs increased from 2017 to peak in 2019, followed by a stable decline of 21.79% in 2021. However, the portion of selected CIAs AMVMPs in total sales experienced a minor decline from 2017 to 2019, followed by a noticeable 6.11% increase from 2019 to 2021. In order to address AMR challenges, these findings emphasize the importance of enhancing surveillance and monitoring of veterinary antimicrobial use, as well as CIAs for human use.
Background/Aim. Kidney tumors account for 2?3% of all tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the tenth most common malignancy. Sunitinib is used as the first treatment line in patients with a good and ...intermediate prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors, frequency, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of sunitinib in patients with metastatic RCC. Methods. The retrospective study included 170 patients treated at the Clinic for Oncology of the Clinical Center of Montenegro, Urology Clinic of the Clinical Center of Serbia, and Clinic for Oncology of the Clinical Center Nis. As a data source, we used patient medical histories and/or electronic patient records. ADRs were characterized by using Rawlins and Thompson classification. Each ADRs severity was assessed in accordance with the World Health Organization criteria. Causality was assessed using the Naranjo probability scale. Results. ADRs of sunitinib occurred in 152 (89.4%) patients. ADRs were 89% type A and 11% type C. Disorders of the blood and lymphatic system, gastrointestinal disorders, and disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue were the most common manifestations of ADRs of sunitinib. Causality assessment was most commonly classified as certain (60%). Serious ADRs occurred in 4.5% of patients. Most patients recovered without consequences. The most common manifestations of ADRs were: leukopenia, hypothyroidism, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, stomatitis, asthenia, and hypertension. All ADRs were expected. The number of concomitant medications and the duration of therapy proved to be the most significant risk factors for ADR to sunitinib. Conclusion. Our study shows that the incidence of ADRs of sunitinib in patients with kidney cancer is high. The ADRs were mostly moderate and mild in intensity and occurred as a consequence of the pharmacological action of the drug. It is necessary to conduct continuous education of medical oncologists in the field of monitoring safe drug use, as well as patients on sunitinib therapy, in order to improve their awareness of the sunitinib ADRs and the risk factors that lead to them, with the aim of reducing their frequency.
Abstract
C
10
H
9
BrN
2
, orthorhombic,
P
2
1
2
1
2
1
(no. 19),
a
= 5.9070(3) Å,
b
= 9.2731(7) Å,
c
= 17.5641(14) Å,
V
= 962.09(12) Å
3
,
Z
= 4,
R
gt
(
F
) = 0.0504,
wR
ref
(
F
2
) = 0.0947, ...T = 293(2) K.
Mastitis in dairy cows is responsible for major economic losses on dairy farms worldwide as the most expensive and prevalent disease in dairy cattle. In spite of the fact that antibiotic therapy ...still remains the main treatment strategy for bovine mastitis, concerns about the shortcomings of this treatment approach are continuously raised. Hence, research on alternative treatments with increased effectiveness and reduced costs is needed. Therefore, we conducted a pharmacoeconomic analysis of conventional antibiotic vs. a proposed Phyto-Bomat treatment based on essential oils in bovine mastitis therapy. Treatments were compared from the farmer's perspective in the domain of costs (expressed in total, direct and indirect, cost differences) and effectiveness (expressed in daily milk yield differences). Economic calculations were based on data from a dairy farm in Serbia. The average cost of conventional antibiotic treatment was estimated at EUR 80.32 consisting of therapy costs, veterinary services and milk rejection costs at EUR 16.54, EUR 17.68 and EUR 46.10, respectively. The average cost of Phyto-Bomat treatment was estimated at EUR 76.34 with therapy costs of EUR 34.34, veterinary costs of EUR 32.00 and rejection of milk costs of only EUR 10.00. Therefore, Phyto-Bomat results in cost savings approximating EUR 4 per each mastitis episode with the highest cost reductions obtained in milk rejection costs. This estimation of Phyto-Bomat's economic benefits could be used as a starting point for the inclusion of this formulation as an alternative treatment approach with a focus on subclinical mastitis since it contributes to most of the financial losses.
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