•Solid state anaerobic digestion of fungal treated rice straw for biogas production.•Fungal pretreatment caused 33% of lignin loss led to methane yield increased by 120%.•Moisture content and ...incubation time significantly affected the lignin degradation.•Methane yield increased linearly with selectivity value in fungal pretreatment.
Rice straw was subjected to fungal pretreatment using Pleurotus ostreatus and Trichoderma reesei to improve its biodegradability and methane production via solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD). Effects of moisture content (65%, 75% and 85%), and incubation time (10, 20 and 30d) on lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose degradation during fungal pretreatment and methane yield during anaerobic digestion were assessed via comparison to untreated rice straw. Pretreatment with P. ostreatus was most effective at 75% moisture content and 20d incubation resulting in 33.4% lignin removal and a lignin/cellulose removal ratio (selectivity) of 4.2. In comparison Trichoderma reesei was most effective at 75% moisture content and 20 d incubation resulting in 23.6% lignin removal and a lignin/cellulose removal ratio (selectivity) of 2.88. The corresponding methane yields were 263 and 214L/kg volatile solids (VS), which were 120% and 78.3% higher than for the untreated rice straw, respectively.
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•Solid state anaerobic digestion of treated rice straw by combination pretreatments.•Methane yield increased linearly with lignin degradation in fungal pretreatment.•Incubation time ...during fungal pretreatment strongly affected total methane yield.•Combinations of fungal and milling pretreatment improve the methane yield by 165%.•Milling after fungal treatment increases methane yield compared to prior milling.
Rice straw was pretreated by different combinations of physical (milling) and biological (incubation with Pleurotus ostreatus fungus) treatment to improve its biodegradability and biogas production during solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD). Effects of milling (⩽2mm) and incubation time (10, 20 and 30d), on lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose degradation during fungal pretreatment and methane yield during digestion were assessed by comparison with untreated rice straw. Both incubation time and milling had significant impacts on both lignin removal during fungal pre-treatment and methane yield during digestion. A combination of fungal pretreatment at 30days followed by milling prior to anaerobic digestion resulted in 30.4% lignin removal, the highest selectivity value (the ratio between relative lignin removal and relative cellulose removal) of 4.22, and the highest methane yield of 258L/kgVS. This was equivalent to a 165% increase in methane yield from SS-AD compared to untreated rice straw.
This article presents and investigates a modified version of the Weibull distribution that incorporates four parameters and can effectively represent a hazard rate function with a shape resembling a ...bathtub. Its significance in the fields of lifetime and reliability stems from its ability to model both increasing and decreasing failure rates. The proposed distribution encompasses several well-known models such as the Weibull, extreme value, exponentiated Weibull, generalized Rayleigh, and modified Weibull distributions. The paper derives key mathematical statistics of the proposed distribution, including the quantile function, moments, moment-generating function, and order statistics density. Various mathematical properties of the proposed model are established, and the unknown parameters of the distribution are estimated using different estimation techniques. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these estimators is assessed through numerical simulation studies. Finally, the paper applies the new model and compares it with various existing distributions by analyzing two real-life time data sets.
•A new HPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of 36 phenolics in berry fruits and jams.•Blueberry exhibited higher contents of anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids.•Strawberry showed higher amounts of ...flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones and flavanones.•Higher phenolic content in the blueberry justified greater antioxidant activity.•This HPLC-MS/MS method is reliable for quality control analyses of fruit products.
Berry fruits consumption has increased in recent years because they are rich sources of polyphenols with reported health benefits. The aim of the present work was to develop a new comprehensive and fast HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 36 phenolic compounds (7 anthocyanins, 9 flavonols, 4 flavan-3-ols, 2 dihydrochalcones, 2 flavanones and 12 phenolic acids) present in blueberry, strawberry, and their fruit jam. Blueberry fruits showed higher contents of anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids, while strawberry fruits exhibited higher contents of flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones and flavanones. Anthocyanins were the main phenolic constituents in both berries. Furthermore, the higher total phenolic content in the blueberry fruit and jam justified their greater antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH free radical assay, compared to strawberry. In conclusion, this new HPLC-MS/MS method is useful and reliable for quality control and authentication analyses of blueberry and strawberry fruits and their commercial food products, such as jams.
•FPW mixed with pretreated bamboo hydrochar by hydrothermal for biogas production.•HTC at 200 °C and BHC ratio of 1:2 led to the highest biogas yield of 292 mL/g VS.•BHC-200(1:2) increased the ...methane yield, content and energy by 127%, 38%, and 82%.•HTC temperature (200–280 °C) had significant effects on methane yield and content.
The effect of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) temperature and bamboo hydrochar (BHC) addition on biogas production in anaerobic digestion of fish processing waste (FPW) was studied. HTC temperature (200–280 °C) had significant effects on methane yield and content, but the BHC had little effects. The maximum biogas yield observed with HTC at 200 °C and a BHC adding ratio of 1:2 (dry mass ratio of FPW to BHC) reached 292 L/kg volatile solids (VS), which were 64% higher than the control group with only FPW, with the maximum methane yield of 219 L/kg-VS and highest net methane energy yield of 3410 kJ/kg-VS. The obtained results can be used to design an efficient anaerobic digestion process for treating and effectively utilizing fish processing waste.
•A novel CTB-4 microbial consortium was formed from creosote-treated birchwood.•Bacterial pretreatment improved the biogas and methane yield by 58.1 and 82.7%.•CTB-4 consortium removed naphthalene ...and phenol of creosote-treated wood by 100%.•CTB-4 reduced lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose by 19.4, 52.5 and 76.8%.•CTB-4 was effective in BSD decomposition and CRO detoxification with EC50 > 90%.
This study aims to explore distinct bacterial strains from wood-feeding termites and to construct novel bacterial consortium for improving the methane yield during anaerobic digestion by degrading birchwood sawdust (BSD) and removing creosote (CRO) compounds simultaneously. A novel bacterial consortium CTB-4 which stands for the molecularly identified species Burkholderia sp., Xanthomonas sp., Shewanella sp., and Pseudomonas mosselii was successfully developed. The CTB-4 consortium showed high efficiency in the removal of naphthalene and phenol. It also revealed reduction in lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose by 19.4, 52.5, and 76.8%, respectively. The main metabolites after the CRO degradation were acetic acid, succinate, pyruvate, and acetaldehyde. Pretreatment of treated BSD mixed with CRO enhanced the total methane yield (162 L/kg VS) by 82.7% and biomass reduction by 54.7% compared to the untreated substrate. CRO showed a toxicity decrease of >90%, suggesting the efficiency of constructed bacterial consortia in bioremediation and biofuel production.
Truffles are underground edible fungi that grow symbiotically with plant roots. They have been globally considered as one of the most expensive foods because of their rarity, unique aroma, and high ...nutritional value as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hepatoprotective, anti-mutagenic, antituberculoid immunomodulatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and aphrodisiac. The unique flavor and fragrance of truffles is one of the main reasons to get worldwide attraction as a food product. So, the aim of this review was to summarize the relevant literature with particular attention to the active aroma components as well as the various sample preparation and analytical techniques used to identify them. The major analytical methods used for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in truffles are gas chromatography (GC), proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), and electronic nose sensing (EN). In addition, factors influencing truffle aroma are also highlighted. For this reason, this review can be considered a good reference for research concerning aroma profiles of different species of truffles to deepen the knowledge about a complex odor of various truffles.
Fenugreek as a self-pollinated plant is ideal for genome-wide association mapping where traits can be marked by their association with natural mutations. However, fenugreek is poorly investigated at ...the genomic level due to the lack of information regarding its genome. To fill this gap, we genotyped a collection of 112 genotypes with 153,881 SNPs using double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. We used 38,142 polymorphic SNPs to prove the suitability of the population for association mapping. One significant SNP was associated with both seed length and seed width, and another SNP was associated with seed color. Due to the lack of a comprehensive genetic map, it is neither possible to align the newly developed markers to chromosomes nor to predict the underlying genes. Therefore, systematic targeting of those markers to homologous genomes of other legumes can overcome those problems. A BLAST search using the genomic fenugreek sequence flanking the identified SNPs showed high homology with several members of the Trifolieae tribe indicating the potential of translational approaches to improving our understanding of the fenugreek genome. Using such a comprehensively-genotyped fenugreek population is the first step towards identifying genes underlying complex traits and to underpin fenugreek marker-assisted breeding programs.
Increasing market pressure to reduce the use of antibiotics and the Veterinary Feed Directive of 2019 have led to expanded research on alternate antibiotic solutions. This review aimed to assess the ...benefits of using essential oils (EOs) and their nanoemulsions (NEs) as feed supplements for poultry and their potential use as antibiotic alternatives in organic poultry production. Antibiotics are commonly used to enhance the growth and prevent diseases in poultry animals due to their antimicrobial activities. EOs are a complex mixture of volatile compounds derived from plants and manufactured via various fermentation, extraction, and steam distillation methods. EOs are categorized into 2 groups of compounds: terpenes and phenylpropenes. Differences among various EOs depend on the source plant type, physical and chemical soil conditions, harvest time, plant maturity, drying technology used, storage conditions, and extraction time. EOs can be used for therapeutic purposes in various situations in broiler production as they possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral activities. Several studies have been conducted using various combinations of EOs or crude extracts of their bioactive compounds to investigate their complexity and applications in organic poultry production. NEs are carrier systems that can be used to overcome the volatile nature of EOs, which is a major factor limiting their application. NEs are being progressively used to improve the bioavailability of the volatile lipophilic components of EOs. This review discusses the use of these nonantibiotic alternatives as antibiotics for poultry feed in organic poultry production.
The goal of the current work was to create an antibacterial agent by using polycaprolactone/chitosan (PCL/CH) nanofibers loaded with
fruit extract (CMFE) as an antimicrobial agent for wound dressing. ...Several characteristics, including morphological, physicomechanical, and mechanical characteristics, surface wettability, antibacterial activity, cell viability, and in vitro drug release, were investigated. The inclusion of CMFE in PCL/CH led to increased swelling capability and maximum weight loss. The SEM images of the PCL/CH/CMFE mat showed a uniform topology free of beads and an average fiber diameter of 195.378 nm. Excellent antimicrobial activity was shown towards
(31.34 ± 0.42 mm),
(30.27 ± 0.57 mm),
(21.31 ± 0.17 mm),
(27.53 ± 1.53 mm), and
(22.17 ± 0.12 mm) based on the inhibition zone assay. The sample containing 5 wt% CMFE had a lower water contact angle (47 ± 3.7°), high porosity, and high swelling compared to the neat mat. The release of the 5% CMFE-loaded mat was proven to be based on anomalous non-Fickian diffusion using the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Compared to the pure PCL membrane, the PCL-CH/CMFE membrane exhibited suitable cytocompatibility on L929 cells. In conclusion, the fabricated antimicrobial nanofibrous films demonstrated high bioavailability, with suitable properties that can be used in wound dressings.
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