The wide-ranging use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the modern era leads to the association of distributed non-conventional energy resources in contrary to large-scale and localized ...conventional non-renewable sources. The prevalent use of distributed sources produces various Power-Quality issues. A thorough review of the literature provides numerous approaches for Power Quality (PQ) improvements; however, most techniques can improve only a few PQ problems. The new technical challenges like power loss, stability, reliability and power quality (PQ) issues are observed in present micro grid scenario. In this regard, this research work is an attempt to address PQ improvement in a three-phase realistic complex micro grid (integration of three simple micro grids to the point of common coupling. Improvement of various PQ factors for example sag/swell, unbalancing, power factor (Pf), total harmonic distortion (THD), communication delay and addition of impedance has been addressed in this research work. In this research article, a Kernel based Deep Auto Regressive Exogenous Output Neural Network (KDNARX) controller has been proposed and applied to improve power quality issues in a complex or realistic three phase complex micro grid (RTPCMG) in grid connected mode of operation. The RTPCMG is a combination of three simple grids with individual ratings of (4 kW, 4 kW and 6 kW). Photo voltaic cell, wind generator (WG), fuel cell (FC) and battery energy storage system (BESS) are the constituent distributed generators (DGs) for the proposed micro grid. The PQ improvement by application of proposed KDNARX controller to the DG inverter switching, has been overly tested in 12 different power quality issues under various operating conditions. The Kernel parameters are optimized by a new optimization technique called Cosine Chaotic PSO (CCPSO) algorithm. The results proved the strength of the new control technique ensuring PQ improvement and stability study of a three phase AC micro grid. Also, the potentiality of the new control scheme is compared with ANN and NARX and its superiority has been proved. Further, some case studies are validated through hardware in loop (HIL) environment thus justifying its real time implementation.
The recent advances in high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing technologies have heralded the arrival of the Big Data era. As a result, the use of pharmacogenetics in drug discovery and ...individualized drug therapy has transformed the field of precision medicine. This paradigm shift in drug development programs has effectively reshaped the old drug development practices, which were primarily concerned with the physiological status of patients for drug development. Pharmacogenomics bridges the gap between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, advancing current diagnostic and treatment strategies and enabling personalized and targeted drug therapy. The primary goals of pharmacogenetic studies are to improve drug efficacy and minimize toxicities, to identify novel drug targets, to estimate drug dosage for personalized medicine, and to incorporate it as a routine diagnostic for disease susceptibility. Although pharmacogenetics has numerous applications in individualized drug therapy and drug development, it is in its infancy in veterinary medicine. The objective of this review is to present an overview of historical landmarks, current developments in various animal species, challenges and future perspectives of genomics in drug development and dosage optimization for individualized medicine in veterinary subjects.
•The study aimed to elucidate genetic diversity and selective sweeps in 82 Sahiwal cattle using ddRAD data.•A declining trend in the effective population size (74 in most recent generation) observed ...in the population which necessitates a breeding plan to maintain a sufficiently large Ne. The genomic inbreeding coefficients ranged from −0.0289 to 0.0725.•The LD estimates revealed a minimum of 114,800 SNP markers and at least 14,350 informative markers necessary for GWAS analysis and genomic selection studies, respectively.•We found 146 regions undergoing selective sweeps using five distinct statistical tests and these regions, located in non-overlapping.•We identified various protein-coding genes associated with enhanced immune systems and disease resistance (IFNL3, IRF8, BLK), as well as production traits (NRXN1, PLCE1, GHR).
The Sahiwal cattle breed is the best indigenous dairy cattle breed, and it plays a pivotal role in the Indian dairy industry. This is due to its exceptional milk-producing potential, adaptability to local tropical conditions, and its resilience to ticks and diseases. The study aimed to identify selective sweeps and estimate intrapopulation genetic diversity parameters in Sahiwal cattle using ddRAD sequencing-based genotyping data from 82 individuals. After applying filtering criteria, 78,193 high-quality SNPs remained for further analysis. The population exhibited an average minor allele frequency of 0.221 ± 0.119. Genetic diversity metrics, including observed (0.597 ± 0.196) and expected heterozygosity (0.433 ± 0.096), nucleotide diversity (0.327 ± 0.114), the proportion of polymorphic SNPs (0.726), and allelic richness (1.323 ± 0.134), indicated ample genomic diversity within the breed. Furthermore, an effective population size of 74 was observed in the most recent generation. The overall mean linkage disequilibrium (r2) for pairwise SNPs was 0.269 ± 0.057. Moreover, a greater proportion of short Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) segments were observed suggesting that there may be low levels of recent inbreeding in this population. The genomic inbreeding coefficients, computed using different inbreeding estimates (FHOM, FUNI, FROH, and FGROM), ranged from −0.0289 to 0.0725. Subsequently, we found 146 regions undergoing selective sweeps using five distinct statistical tests: Tajima's D, CLR, |iHS|, |iHH12|, and ROH. These regions, located in non-overlapping 500 kb windows, were mapped and revealed various protein-coding genes associated with enhanced immune systems and disease resistance (IFNL3, IRF8, BLK), as well as production traits (NRXN1, PLCE1, GHR). Notably, we identified interleukin 2 (IL2) on Chr17: 35217075–35223276 as a gene linked to tick resistance and uncovered a cluster of genes (HSPA8, UBASH3B, ADAMTS18, CRTAM) associated with heat stress. These findings indicate the evolutionary impact of natural and artificial selection on the environmental adaptation of the Sahiwal cattle population.
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•Long term in vitro conserved A. galanga revealed genetic and biochemical stability.•Regenerants showed monomorphic banding pattern with the mother plant.•Essential oil profiling ...indicated no significant difference in the phytoconstituents.•Six years old micropropagated plants retained stable bioactivities.
Alpinia galanga is a wild medicinal plant having tremendous industrial importance. However, lack of quality planting material in natural resources restricted its wide exposure in industrial sector. Thus, a standardised protocol for stable supply of quality planting materials with genetical and phytochemical stability is need of the hour to meet commercial requirements. The current study reports an efficient protocol to regenerate micropropagated plantlets with long term stability in molecular as well as phytochemical level. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media augmented with 3 mg/l 6-Benzyladenine (BA), 3 mg/l Kinetin (Kn) and 1 mg/l Napthalene Acetic acid (NAA) was found optimum for regeneration and multiplication of plantlets. In order to establish genetic stability molecular marker-based profiling of micropropagated plants were done at every 6 months intervals up to 6 years. Monomorphic banding pattern were found that are identical to the mother plants. After six years of in vitro conservation, the regenerated plants were transplanted to the field and its drug yielding potential were evaluated through phytoconstituent analysis along with bioactivity studies. A comparative Gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis of essential oils showed no significant differences in phytoconstituents between the conventional and in vitro propagated plants. The bioactivities like antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancerous study along with total phenolic and total flavonoid content of in vitro plants were compared with mother plants and found stable with negligible variation. Thus, the present study has enough significance towards commercial exploitation of A. galanga with phytochemical and molecular stability.
•We merged extracted datasets of 11 cattle breeds with our own generated Tharparkar genotypic data to obtain a final dataset of 284 animals.•The PCA indicates the partitioning between Exotic and ...Indigenous cattle breeds on the two PC axis.•We used several statistical tools (eight) to find out and verify more genomic footprints.•More number of short ROHs in Tharparkar shows a more historical relationship.•Combined analysis of all the methods may provide refined information about selective sweep regions in different methods.•We extracted out various candidate genes associated with economically important traits.
In the present study, the population genomic data of different cattle breeds were explored to decipher the genomic regions affected due to selective events and reflected in the productive, reproductive, thermo-tolerance, and health-related traits. To find out these genomic deviations due to selective sweeps, we used eight different statistical tools (Tajima’s D, Fu & Li’s D*, CLR, ROH, iHS, FST, FLK, and hapFLK) on seven indigenous and five exotic cattle breeds. We further performed composite analysis by comparing their covariance matrix. Several candidate genes were found to be related to milk production (ADARB, WDR70, and CA8), reproductive (PARN, FAM134B2, and ZBTB20), and health-related traits (SP110, CXCL2, CLXCL3, CXCL5, IRF8, and MYOM1). The outcome of this investigation provides a basis for detecting selective sweeps that explain the genetic variation of traits. They may possess functional importance for multiple cattle breeds in different subcontinents. However, further studies are required to improve the findings using high-density arrays or whole-genome sequencing with higher resolution and greater sample sizes.
•“Inter-calving intervals reflect cattle reproductive capacity, influencing the sustainability of livestock production through impacts on lactation dynamics.”•“Identification of numerous Quantitative ...Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with reproductive phenotypes in dairy cattle offers valuable insights for enhancing breeding strategies and genetic selection.”•“Studying QTLs linked to reproductive traits not only informs livestock breeding practices but also contributes to advancements in biotechnology and broader fields like human health and conservation.”
From an economic standpoint, reproductive characteristics are fundamental for sustainable production, particularly for monotocous livestock like cattle. A longer inter-calving interval is indicative of low reproductive capacity. This issue changes the dynamics of current and future lactations since it necessitates more inseminations, veterinary care, and hormone interventions. Various reproductive phenotypes, including ovulation, mating, fertility, pregnancy, embryonic growth, and calving-related traits, are observed in dairy cattle, and these traits have been associated with several QTLs. Calving ease, age at puberty, scrotal circumference, and inseminations per conception have been associated with 4437, 10623, 10498, and 2476 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), respectively. This data offers valuable insights into enhancing and comprehending reproductive traits in livestock breeding. Studying QTLs associated with reproductive traits has far-reaching implications across various fields, from agriculture and animal husbandry to human health, evolutionary biology, and conservation. It provides the foundation for informed breeding practices, advances in biotechnology, and a deeper understanding of the genetic underpinnings of reproduction.
The main objective of the current research was to locate, annotate, and highlight specific areas of the bovine genome that are undergoing intense positive selection. Here, we are analyzing selection ...signatures in crossbred
(Bos taurus
X
Bos indicus)
, taurine (
Bos taurus
), and indicine (
Bos indicus
) cattle breeds. Indicine cattle breeds found throughout India are known for their higher heat tolerance and disease resilience. More breeds and more methods can provide a better understanding of the selection signature. So, we have worked on nine distinct cattle breeds utilizing seven different summary statistics, which is a fairly extensive approach. In this study, we carried out a thorough genome-wide investigation of selection signatures using bovine 50K SNP data. We have included the genotyped data of two taurine, two crossbreds, and five indicine cattle breeds, for a total of 320 animals. During the 1950s, these indicine (cebuine) cattle breeds were exported with the aim of enhancing the resilience of taurine breeds in Western countries. For this study, we employed seven summary statistics, including intra-population, i.e., Tajima’s D, CLR, iHS, and ROH and inter-population statistics, i.e., F
ST
, XP-EHH, and Rsb. The NCBI database, PANTHER 17.0, and CattleQTL database were used for annotation after finding the important areas under selection. Some genes, including
EPHA6
,
CTNNA2
,
NPFFR2
,
HS6ST3
,
NPR3
,
KCNIP4
,
LIPK
,
SDCBP
,
CYP7A1
,
NSMAF
,
UBXN2B
,
UGDH
,
UBE2K
, and
DAB1
, were shown to be shared by three or more different approaches. Therefore, it gives evidence of the most intense selection in these areas. These genes are mostly linked to milk production and adaptability traits. This study also reveals selection regions that contain genes which are crucial to numerous biological functions, including those associated with milk production, coat color, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress response, immunity and circadian rhythms.
V10O24⋅12H2O@Reduced Graphene Oxide for aq. Zinc-ion Batteries.
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•Stability improved of V10O24⋅12H2O@ reduced graphene oxide or Zn-ion batteries.•Larger interlayer spacing obtained of ...V10O24⋅12H2O@reduced graphene oxide.•Cell delivered 71.37 % capacity at a current density of 1.0 A g−1.
The Zn-ion battery has gained attention in the energy market due to its high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, and stability. However, its large radius poses challenges for diffusion during charging and discharging. To address diffusion issues, a cathode material with a layer-like structure and increased interlayer distance is crucial. A synthesized cathode material, V10O24⋅12H2O@ Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), exhibited layered structure and prevented cathode dissolution while providing structural stability. It provides high columbic efficiency and high specific capacity.
