The Covid-19 pandemic has prompted international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) to fight the outbreak. WHO, as a critical player in the global health order, is responsible ...for preventing the recurrence of pandemics like Covid-19 in the future. This scientific article, this study examines the role of WHO in developing global health governance through two essential glasses of International Relations, neorealism and neoliberalism. This study uses qualitative methods supported by secondary data to support the argument. The results show two opposing viewpoints on the role of WHO in developing global health governance. The WHO's role is viewed with skepticism by neorealists, who believe that countries can only rely on themselves to cope with the threat of future pandemics. On the other hand, the neoliberal perspective encourages countries to participate in global health governance in collaboration with WHO actively. The author concludes that the government must continue developing its capabilities to survive another pandemic. States, on the other hand, must collaborate with international organizational actors to establish inclusive and adaptive global health governance
Land fires pose a serious threat to the environment and communities in Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. This study aims to analyze the distribution pattern of land fires using GIS spatial analysis ...technology. Through Sentinel-2 image classification and fire intensity analysis, it had been identified focal points of dormant land fires mainly in South Indralaya, North Indralaya, and West Pemulutan sub-districts. The results of this study provide in-depth insight into the spatial distribution of land fires and the factors that influence their occurrence. This research also produced a map of the distribution of fire hotspots in unused land areas. From the research, it can be concluded that spatial analysis can map in detail and comprehensively the burning locations on unused land. The implication of this research is the need to develop more effective mitigation strategies to address the risk of land fires in the future. Therefore, this study not only makes an important contribution to the scientific literature but also offers new directions for research and policy focused on sustainable and effective land fire risk management.
This study aims to determine the performance accountability of the Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) of Muara Enim Regency in 2017, including supporting factors and inhibiting factors. ...Accountability for the performance of regional apparatus is needed to measure the level of success and or failure of regional apparatus in achieving common goals and targets according to the performance targets set in the district RPJMD. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using descriptive analysis. The data collection technique used interview, observation, and documentation methods. The results showed that the performance accountability of BAPPEDA Muara Enim Regency in 2017 was very good, which was shown by the existence of excellent performance planning, performance measurement, performance reporting, internal evaluation, and performance achievements. The supporting factors for the performance of BAPPEDA in Muara Enim Regency are the existence of a strong team work, the development of achievement motivation, consistent monitoring and supervision of leaders and conducive organizational conditions that support the development of employee creativity and innovation. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor felt by BAPPEDA employees was the absence of a special performance allowance for high workloads. This can lead to counter-productive and demotivating employees. It is recommended that in the future, consider the existence of a special performance allowance for the employees of BAPPEDA Muara Enim Regency and make BAPPEDA as a role model for performance development for other Regional Apparatus Organizations in Muara Enim Regency.
LGBT is a social phenomenon that we are regulating in every corner of the country. The LGBT movement was originally present in the 1950s. Which LGBT is present on the basis of human rights (HAM). ...This study discusses the community, research objectives for research on a healthy generation and moral behavior, which is based on Islamic education, while the research method in this study uses qualitative support. Which discusses about this is used, discussing the reviewer can connect directly with the respondents and get tangible answers from the results of interviews with respondents, while in this study get some satisfying results, that respondents were given further information about the various practices in Islam. LGBT. The conclusion of the study, which is a review of the great for special respondents, about the wider community, that Islamic education can not complement in this life. Whatever the activities, and the role of Islamic education (understanding and practice) cannot be understood
BACKGROUND Economic evaluation of the testing strategies to control transmission and monitor the severity of COVID-19 after the pandemic is essential. This study aimed to review the economic ...evaluation of COVID-19 tests and to construct a model with outcomes in terms of cost and test acceptability for surveillance in the post-pandemic period in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed the systematic review following PRISMA guidelines through MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. We included the relevant studies that reported the economic evaluation of COVID-19 tests for surveillance. Also, we input current probability, sensitivity, and specificity for COVID-19 surveillance in the post-pandemic period. RESULTS A total of 104 articles met the eligibility criteria, and 8 articles were reviewed and assessed for quality. The specificity and sensitivity of COVID-19 screening tests were reported as 80% to 90% and 40% to 90%, respectively. The target population presented a mortality rate between 0.2% and 19.2% in the post-pandemic period. The implementation model of COVID-19 screening tests for surveillance with a cost mean for molecular and antigen tests was US$ 46.64 (min-max US $0.25-$105.39) and US $6.15 (min-max US $2-$10), respectively. CONCLUSIONS For the allocation budget for the COVID-19 surveillance test, it is essential to consider the incidence and mortality of the post-pandemic period in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. A robust method to evaluate outcomes is needed to prevent increasing COVID-19 incidents earlier.
The Algerian desert dominates large parts of the country's vast territory, and Algeria is among the countries filling most of the world's largest desert. In fact the country is over 80% desert. Even ...though more than 80% of the population is located in the northern Mediterranean coastal zone, most of oil and gas fields are located in the country's vast southern desert called Sahara. Furthermore, the desert region is developed into a major tourist destination. This arid zone region is characterized by a lack of potable water. However, in addition to the abundant solar energy, the region is also endowed with important wind and brackish groundwater resources with different qualities. Therefore, a brackish water greenhouse desalination unit that is powered by wind energy is a good solution for desalting groundwater for irrigation purposes in this region. Brackish water can be used to cool the greenhouse, creating the proper climate to grow valuable crops. Moreover, at the same time the fresh water that is produced in this system may be sufficient for the irrigation of crops grown inside the unit. In this study, five typical regions in the Sahara were selected and investigated. These regions were selected since they were areas of traditional agriculture. The frequency distributions of wind speed data were collected from Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) statistics developed by NASA and evaluated for a 10-year period. The distributions were used to determine the average wind speed and the available wind power for the five locations. The results indicated that the available wind energy is a suitable resource for power production and can be used to provide the required electricity for the brackish groundwater greenhouse desalination units.
Objectives. This longitudinal study investigated survival, risk factors and causes of death in the multicentre ItinérAIR-Sclérodermie cohort of patients with SSc without severe pulmonary fibrosis or ...severe left heart disease at baseline. Methods. At 3-year follow-up, vital status was obtained from investigators or French national death records. Causes of death were classified as SSc-related or otherwise. Data were censored at 37 months, time of death or loss to follow-up, whichever was earlier. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate survival analyses were conducted using the Cox model. Results. In total, 546 patients were followed for a median duration of 37 months, representing 1547 patient-years. At baseline, the majority of patients were female, with lcSSc, mean age 54.9 ± 13.0 years and mean duration of SSc of 8.8 ± 8.1 years. In total, 47 patients died, giving a 3-year survival of 91.1% and cumulative mortality of 3.04 deaths per 100 patient-years; 17 deaths (32.2%) resulted from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and eight (17.1%) from cancer. Of the 47 patients with PAH at baseline, 20 died during follow-up, giving a 3-year survival of 56.3%. In a multivariate analysis, PAH hazard ratio (HR) 7.246, age at first symptom (HR 1.052), duration of SSc (HR 1.047 per year) and Rodnan skin score (per one point) (HR 1.045) were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion. This 3-year study observed survival and mortality estimates that were comparable with previous reports. PAH increased the HR for mortality in patients with SSc, justifying yearly echocardiographic screening.
The purpose of the study was to assess the level of efficiency and productivity of the BLUD Hospital in South Sulawesi Province during the period of implementation of the National Health Insurance ...policy in Indonesia.
This research used Data Envelopment Analysis method to assess the level of hospital efficiency and productivity. The population and sample were 25 BLUD hospitals in South Sulawesi Province. The data analyzed are hospital performance data for the period 2014-2017.
The results found that the average level of efficiency was 1.023. There are 14 hospitals (56%) inefficient and 11 hospitals (44%) efficient. The average hospital productivity growth rate is 4%.
The role of technology, competitive human resources, good management systems, and strong leadership are needed for hospitals to improve their efficiency and productivity level.
Objective
An algorithm for the detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), based on the presence of dyspnea and the findings of Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the velocity of ...tricuspid regurgitation (VTR) and right‐sided heart catheterization (RHC), which was applied in a large multicenter systemic sclerosis (SSc) population, estimated the prevalence of PAH to be 7.85%. The aim of this observational study was to investigate the incidence of PAH and pulmonary hypertension (PH) during a 3‐year followup of patients from the same cohort (the ItinérAIR‐Sclérodermie Study).
Methods
Patients with SSc and without evidence of PAH underwent evaluation for dyspnea and VTR at study entry and during subsequent visits. Patients in whom PAH was suspected because of a VTR of 2.8–3.0 meters/second and unexplained dyspnea or a VTR of >3.0 meters/second underwent RHC to confirm the diagnosis.
Results
A total of 384 patients were followed up for a mean ± SD of 41.03 ± 5.66 months (median 40.92 months). At baseline, 86.7% of the patients were women, and the mean ± SD age of the patients was 53.1 ± 12.0 years. The mean ± SD duration of SSc at study entry was 8.7 ± 7.6 years. After RHC, PAH was diagnosed in 8 patients, postcapillary PH in 8 patients, and PH associated with severe pulmonary fibrosis in 2 patients. The incidence of PAH was estimated to be 0.61 cases per 100 patient‐years. Two patients who exhibited a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 20–25 mm Hg at baseline subsequently developed PAH.
Conclusion
The estimated incidence of PAH among patients with SSc was 0.61 cases per 100 patient‐years. The high incidence of postcapillary PH highlights the value of RHC in investigating suspected PAH.
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