Summary In efforts to treat diabetics, foods containing anti‐digestible ingredients are a promising approach. Resistant starch (RS) is one of the prebiotic ingredients that has the ability to resist ...digestion and pass through the colon, reducing fat accumulation. The production of RS from natural ingredients is of interest. The results of producing RS from jackfruit seeds show that the RS content increased from 25.97% to 52.26% by heat‐moisture treatment. After the modification process, the starch granules remained undeformed but exhibited agglomeration and the crystalline structure changed from type A to type C. The thermal properties of the starch were improved (85.16–90.42 °C), and higher gelatinisation temperature, around 2–7 °C. However, its swelling and solubility decreased by 35.32–72.59% and 15.83–79.10%, corresponding.
Kurz is widely used in folk medicine in Eastern Asia and is associated with various ethnopharmacological properties including hepatoprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, antidysenteric, and ...anthelmintic activities. Previous phytochemical investigations reported the presence of numerous triterpenes (mostly cycloartanes, ursanes, lupanes, and oleananes) along with dozens of flavonoids. However, the extracts of
and isolated flavonoids have not been evaluated for their alpha-glucosidase inhibition. In the frame of our efforts dedicated to the chemical investigation of Vietnamese medicinal plants and their biological activities, a phytochemical study of the MeOH extract of the leaves of
using bioactive guided isolation was undertaken. In this paper, the isolation and structure elucidation of twelve known compounds, 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (
), ayanin (
), kumatakenin (
), rhamnocitrin (
), ombuin (
), myricetin-3,7,3',5'-tetramethyl ether (
), gardenin D (
), luteolin (
), apigenin (
), mearnsetin (
), isoorientin (
), and vitexin (
) were reported. Bromination was applied to compounds
and
to provide four new synthetic analogues
-
. All isolated and synthesized compounds were evaluated for alpha-glucosidase inhibition and antibacterial activity. Compounds
and
showed moderate antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant
while others were inactive. All compounds failed to reveal any activity toward extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
. Compounds
,
,
-
, and
-
showed good alpha-glucosidase inhibition with IC
values in the range of 30.5-282.0 µM. The kinetic of enzyme inhibition showed that
and
were noncompetitive type inhibition against alpha-glucosidase. In silico molecular docking model indicated that compounds
and
were potential inhibitors against enzyme
-glucosidase.
Abstract
This study developed a mathematical model of the transient mass and heat transfer of
Cordyceps militaris
during lyophilization. This mathematical model was solved using a program coded in ...MATLAB to simulate the relationship between product temperature and sublimation rate over time. The parameters of the drying mode were set in the simulation as follows: heating plate temperature from 273.2 to 303.2 K, the absolute pressure of the drying chamber is from 30 Pa to 60 Pa. The fruiting body of cordyceps analyzed in the study is considered a cylindrical shape with a radius of 1.5 mm and length of 60 mm, which was arranged in 1 layer on a tray with dimensions of 200x300x20 mm. Research shows that the sublimation rate increases when the heating plate temperature increases. Besides, the decrease in sublimation chamber pressure will lead to rapid increases in drying speed. This result can also be used to build software to set the technological mode for the cordyceps drying process by sublimation.
The rapid growth of technological advancements and human activities has induced many undesirable effects in the environment that affect health and quality of life. Therefore, this study used a ...comprehensive indicator to measure the environment quality known as load capacity factor which is obtained from two main ecological components; bio-capacity and ecological footprints. The existing literature has not enough supporting evidence to explore the determinants affecting the load capacity factor in terms of environmental quality. This study evaluates the role of renewable energy consumption and health expenditures to improve the load capacity factor in ASEAN Countries from 1980 to 2018. The study employs the advanced Panel techniques (Banerjee and Carrion-i-Silvestre unit root and cointegration test and Cross sectional augmented ARDL) to evaluate the nature of association among model variables and address various econometric issues of panel data analysis such as cross-section dependency, structural break, and slope heterogeneity. The long-run results reveal that renewable energy consumption and health expenditures play a significant role in improving load capacity factors in ASEAN countries, whereas economic growth produces negative effects. These results imply that government should allocate a substantial budget for renewable energy and the health sector to improve the load capacity factor.
•Load capacity factor (LCF) is estimated to capture environmental performance.•Advance panel estimations are applied.•Renewable energy consumption and health expenditures improve LCF.•Economic growth produces negative effects on LCF.
Vietnamese nationalism has a strong undercurrent of anti-China sentiments, and Vietnam's leaders have regularly tapped into such sentiments to shore up their legitimacy and boost Vietnamese ...nationalism.Over the last decade, the helter-skelter growth of social media has bred new popular actors in Vietnamese cybersphere, who are deeply nationalistic but who pursue entirely different political and social agendas. In sum, they give rise to a new nationalistic narrative, one that paints the Vietnam Communist Party as being often too meek and subservient to China, and calls for drastic reforms to the political system--regime change not excluded--to deal with Chinese threats.An examination of prominent cases of online Vietnamese nationalism shows that anti-China sentiments have been a recurrent theme and a consistent trigger. The online nationalistic movements have been mostly instigated by popular figures, with state actors playing a facilitating role in stoking and harnessing them for their own ends.Manifestations of online nationalism, especially those centred on anti-China and sovereignty issues, may hold serious consequences, including violence and deadly riots. In some instances, online nationalistic campaigns both galvanize and dissipate relatively quickly once state and popular actors have somehow managed to achieve their aims.
Over the past two decades, the fixation on anti-state content has shaped the way Vietnamese authorities deployed various censorship strategies to achieve the dual goals of creating a superficial ...openness while maintaining a tight grip on online discourses. These considerations dictated how several regulations on Internet controls were formulated and enforced.Vietnamese censors also selectively borrowed from China's online censorship playbook, a key tenet of which is the fear-based approach. The modus operandi for the authorities is to first harp on what they perceive as online foreign and domestic threats to Vietnam's social stability. Then those threats are exhaustively used to enforce tougher measures that are akin to those implemented in China.But unlike China, Vietnam has not afforded to ban Western social media platforms altogether. Realizing that they would be better off exploiting social media for their own gains, Vietnamese authorities have sought to co-opt and utilize it to curb anti-state content on the Internet. The lure of the Vietnamese market has also emboldened Facebook and Google's YouTube to consider it fit to acquiesce to state censorship demands.The crackdown on anti-state content and fear-based censorship are likely to continue shaping Vietnam's Internet controls, at least in the foreseeable future. The question is how both Internet users and the authorities will make the most of their unlikely--and fickle--alliance with social media to fulfil their agendas.
There are shortcomings in studying tourist satisfaction from the direct effect of travel motivation. The current study constructed an integrated model of motivation-satisfaction towards a heritage ...destination with the addition of experience-related factors and destination image. Unlike previous studies mainly focusing on pre or after the experience, this research employed a survey aiming at tourists during their on-site experiences. By using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling, the proposed structural model was tested with a sample of 352 visitors at Hoi An UNESCO World Heritage Site, Vietnam. Motivation had significant effects on visitor engagement, visitor experience, and heritage destination image, which in turn led to heritage tourists' satisfaction. The indirect link between motivation and satisfaction was also confirmed, contributing to a better understanding of the formation of satisfaction in the context of heritage tourism. Practical implications are provided for Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) of heritage sites.
•Constructs a model of tourist satisfaction towards a heritage destination.•Tests a structural model using PLS-SEM.•Validates the indirect relationship between motivation and satisfaction.•Provides heritage destination organizations with practical implications.
Considering the importance of customer trust in the m-commerce domain, this study aims to examine the role of technology acceptance model (TAM) factors, mobile service quality (M-SERQUAL) factors, ...and personalization and privacy in promoting customers' trust and in turn their loyalty towards mobile food delivery apps (MFDAs). Four hundred ninety-four valid responses were collected from the online Facebook groups of MFDA review and analyzed through Partial Least Squares-based SEM approach. Our findings demonstrated that TAM factors (perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness), M-SERQUAL factors (interface quality, interaction quality, and information quality), and personalization were positively associated with customer trust in MFDAs, which was in turn positively related to customer loyalty towards MFDAs. Customer trust was observed as a mediator for the effects of TAM factors, M-SERQUAL factors, and personalization on customer loyalty. Nonetheless, privacy was not significantly associated with customer trust, which did not mediate the association between privacy and customer loyalty.
From the end of 2019, one of the most serious and largest spread pandemics occurred in Wuhan (China) named Coronavirus (COVID-19). As reported by the World Health Organization, there are currently ...more than 100 million infectious cases with an average mortality rate of about five percent all over the world. To avoid serious consequences on people's lives and the economy, policies and actions need to be suitably made in time. To do that, the authorities need to know the future trend in the development process of this pandemic. This is the reason why forecasting models play an important role in controlling the pandemic situation. However, the behavior of this pandemic is extremely complicated and difficult to be analyzed, so that an effective model is not only considered on accurate forecasting results but also the explainable capability for human experts to take action pro-actively. With the recent advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, the emerging Deep Learning (DL) models have been proving highly effective when forecasting this pandemic future from the huge historical data. However, the main weakness of DL models is lacking the explanation capabilities. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a novel combination of the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Deceased (SIRD) compartmental model and Variational Autoencoder (VAE) neural network known as BeCaked. With pandemic data provided by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering, our model achieves 0.98 Formula: see text and 0.012 MAPE at world level with 31-step forecast and up to 0.99 Formula: see text and 0.0026 MAPE at country level with 15-step forecast on predicting daily infectious cases. Not only enjoying high accuracy, but BeCaked also offers useful justifications for its results based on the parameters of the SIRD model. Therefore, BeCaked can be used as a reference for authorities or medical experts to make on time right decisions.
α-Glucosidase plays a role in hydrolyzing complex carbohydrates into glucose, which is easily absorbed, causing postprandial hyperglycemia. Inhibition of α-glucosidase is therefore an ideal approach ...to preventing this condition. A novel polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol, which we named schomburgkianone I (
), was isolated from the fruit of
, along with an already-reported compound, guttiferone K (
). The structures of the two compounds were determined using NMR and HRESIMS analysis, and comparisons were made with previous studies. Compounds
and
exhibited potent
-glucosidase inhibition (IC
of 21.2 and 34.8 µM, respectively), outperforming the acarbose positive control. Compound
produced wide zones of inhibition against
and
(of 21 and 20 mm, respectively), compared with the 19 and 20 mm zones of compound
, at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. The MIC value of compound
against
was 13.32 µM. An in silico molecular docking model suggested that both compounds are potent inhibitors of enzyme α-glucosidase and are therefore leading candidates as therapies for diabetes mellitus.
PDF
