The optimization of facility-based systems (FBSs) is considered. First, the congestion game is converted into a matrix form so that the matrix approach is applicable. Then, an FBS with a system ...performance criterion is considered. A necessary and sufficient condition is given to assure that the system is convertible into a congestion game with the given system performance criterion as its potential function by designing proper facility-cost functions. Using this technology, for a dynamic FBS, the global optimization may be reached when each agent optimizes its payoff functions. Finally, the approach is extended to those systems that are partly or nearly convertible. Note that the proposed methodology can only be applied to classical congestion games, where the user with multiple unit demands is not allowed.
Abstract Background Hypertension, sleep disorders, and depression represent notable public health issues, and their interconnected nature has long been acknowledged. The objective of this study is to ...explore the interplay between sleep disorders and depression in the context of hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 42,143 participants aged 18 and above from the NHANES database across seven survey cycles between 2005 and 2018. After excluding those with missing data on depression, sleep disorders, and hypertension, as well as incomplete main variables, 33,383 participants remained. We used weighted logistic regression to examine the relationship between sleep disorders, depression, and hypertension. Additionally, we assessed the interaction between sleep disorders and depression on hypertension using both multiplicative and additive approaches to quantify their combined effect. Results Compared to individuals without sleep disorders, those with sleep disorders have an increased risk of hypertension (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.37–1.67). Furthermore, individuals with depression experience a significantly higher risk of hypertension compared to those with sleep disorders alone (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.95–2.80). Our study reveals a positive interaction between sleep disorders and depression in relation to hypertension risk (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13). In addition, we observed the quantitative additive interaction indicators (RERI = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56 ~ 0.92; API = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11 ~ 0.46; SI = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.08–3.46) influencing hypertension risk. Furthermore, our research also identified that individuals with less than 7 h of sleep, a sleep latency period between 5 and 30 min, or a latency period exceeding 30 min experience a significantly increased risk of hypertension. Conclusions Our research uncovered separate links between sleep disorders, depression, and hypertension prevalence. Moreover, we identified an interaction between depression and sleep disorders in hypertension prevalence. Enhancing mental well-being and tackling sleep disorders could help prevent and manage hypertension. Yet, more investigation is required to establish causation and clarify mechanisms.
Real-time Simulation (RTS) is one of the effective means via which to study device level or system level dynamics, such as power converter online testing, evaluation, and control, and power system ...stability analysis. The RTS -enabled design-chain offers a time -effective, low-cost, and fail-safe development process. As the penetration of renewable energy is becoming higher, the demand in hybrid system real-time simulation becomes imperative, where fast-dynamic device level power converters and slow -dynamic large -scale power systems are simulated at the same time. This paper introduces a novel hybrid real-time simulation architecture based on the central processing unit (CPU) and the field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Compared with the off-the-shelf power system real-time simulation system, it offers both wide time scale simulation and high accuracy. The multi-time scale model can perform electromechanical electromagnetic transient hybrid simulation, which can be applied to the research of power systems penetrated with power converters. In the proposed simulation platform, the communication delay is introduced when different RTS platforms exchange real-time data. The communication delay should be considered in the stability analysis of the grid-connected inverters in a weak grid environment. Based on the virtual impedance characteristic formed by the control loop with and without communication delay, the impedance characteristics are analyzed and inter-simulator delay impacts are revealed in this paper. Theoretical analysis indicates that the communication delay, contrary to expectation, can improve the virtual impedance characteristics of the system. With the same hardware simulation parameters, the grid-converter system is verified on both the Typhoon system alone and the Typhoon-dSPACE-SpaceR hybrid simulation platform. The THD value of grid current in a weak grid environment that works in the Typhoon system is 4.98%, and 2.38% in the Typhoon-dSPACE-SpaceR hybrid simulation platform. This study eventually reveals the fact that the inter-simulation delay creates the illusion that the control system built in the novel hybrid real-time simulation is more stable under weak grid conditions.
The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy measurement method of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in water is a simple physical method that can measure water without secondary pollution from chemical ...reagents. To solve the problems of low accuracy and insufficient generalization capability of the COD prediction model, an improved Bagging algorithm is proposed and evaluated in this study. The Improved-Bagging algorithm can reduce model variance and bias concurrently, and improves the accuracy and stability of the traditional Bagging algorithm. Results show that the Improved-Bagging algorithm achieves a better prediction ability on different preprocessed data than the traditional Bagging algorithm. After ensemble empirical mode decomposition based (EEMD-Based) algorithm denoising and stability competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (SCARS) algorithm dimension reduction, Improved-Bagging model achieves the best prediction performance. Its coefficient of determination (R 2 ) on the prediction set reached 0.9317, its root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) reached 5.39 mg/L, and its variance reached 5.53 mg 2 . Results also show that the Improved-Bagging algorithm can accurately measure the COD concentration in water, which lays the foundation for the wide application of spectroscopy to measure water quality parameters.
Antimicrobial activity of tigecycline and comparator agents was assessed
against 27857 isolates source from blood samples collected between 2012 and 2016 as part of the Tigecycline Evaluation and ...Surveillance Trial (TEST).
The broth microdilution methods was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of blood-borne isolates according to guildlines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints from CLSI guidelines were used as standards to determine susceptibility against comparator agents, whereas tigecycline breakpoints were provided by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
More than 91% Enterobacteriaceae isolates, belonging to
,
,
and
, were susceptible to amikacin, meropenem, and tigecycline. Meropenem resistance was observed in 8% of
isolates worldwide. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was produced in 15.9 and 20.9%
and
isolates, respectively. MIC
of tigecycline against
was 2 μg/ml. The highest proportion of susceptible
isolates was 70.8% for minocycline. Among
isolates worldwide, 71.1-94.9% were susceptible to six antibiotics. Almost all
isolates were susceptible to linezolid(100%), vancomycin(100%), and tigecycline (99.9%). The proportion of methicillin-resistant
(MRSA) was 33.0% among
isolates worldwide; it was highest in Asia with 46.6%, followed by North America and Latin America with 37.7 and 34.2%, respectively. Vancomycin-resistant (VR) isolates represented 1.4% of
(VR.
) and 27.6% of
(VR.
). Highest percentages of VR.
were found in North America and Latin America, with 61.6 and 58.1% of the isolates, respectively. Production of penicillin-resistant
(PRSP) represented 9.0% of
isolates worldwide; the PRSP proportion was 25.8% in Asia, 13.0% in Africa, and 11.8% in Latin America.
In our study, tigecycline was the only antibiotic that was active against over 90% of all major blood-borne pathogens. A global comparison revealed that antimicrobial resistance was higher in Africa, Asia and Latin America than in Europe and North America.
With the rapid development and wide application of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, a series of researches have revealed that concurrent genetic alterations play an important role in the ...response and resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Besides, TP53 mutation is the most common co-mutation gene in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, which has been proved to confer a worse prognosis in EGFR-mutated patients treated with first, second and third generation of EGFR-TKIs. Currently, it is still being explored how to select the best treatment strategies for patients with concomitant presence of TP53 mutation in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Here, we review the literature on recent research progress of TP53 concurrent mutation in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC. .
间质-上皮细胞转化因子（mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor, MET）扩增是表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）阳性非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）耐药的重要驱动因素，MET-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（tyrosine kinase ...inhibitors, TKIs）联合EGFR-TKIs的治疗策略可以克服MET介导的获得性耐药。研究表明，MET扩增也是间变性淋巴瘤激酶（anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK）、RET、ROS1等驱动基因阳性NSCLC患者接受TKIs类药物治疗后耐药的驱动因素。本文综述了近年来关于MET扩增作为驱动基因阳性NSCLC靶向治疗耐药驱动因素的研究进展，并总结了克服这种耐药机制的治疗策略。 Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification is an important driver of resistance in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the combination of MET proto-oncogene (MET) and EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has shown promise in overcoming this molecularly defined acquired resistance. Emerging data also demonstrate MET amplification as a resistance driver to TKIs-treated anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-, RET-, and ROS1-fusion NSCLC. Here, we review the literature on recent research progress of MET amplification as a resistance driver to targeted thera
Pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used as part of the clinical criteria in diagnostic workup of invasive fungal diseases like invasive aspergillosis, and may identify radiographic ...abnormalities, such as halo signs or air-crescent signs. We assessed the diagnostic utility of CT assessment in patients with hematologic malignancies or those who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in whom invasive aspergillosis was suspected.
This post-hoc analysis assessed data from a prospective, multicenter, international trial of voriconazole (with and without anidulafungin) in patients with suspected invasive aspergillosis (IA; proven, probable, or possible, using 2008 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group criteria) NCT00531479. Eligible patients received at least one baseline lung CT scan.
Of 395 patients included in this post-hoc analysis, 240 patients (60.8%) had 'confirmed' proven (9/240, 3.8%) or probable (231/240, 96.3%) invasive aspergillosis (cIA) and 155 patients (39.2%) had 'non-confirmed' invasive aspergillosis (all nIA; all possible IA (de Pauw et al., Clin Infect Dis 46:1813-21, 2008)). Mean age was 52.3 and 50.5 years, 56.3 and 60.0% of patients were male, and most patients were white (71.7 and 71.0%) in the cIA and nIA populations, respectively. Median baseline galactomannan was 1.4 (cIA) and 0.2 (nIA), mean Karnofsky score was 65.3 (cIA) and 66.8 (nIA), and mean baseline platelet count was 48.0 (cIA) and 314.1 (nIA). Pulmonary nodules (46.8% of all patients), bilateral lung lesions (37.5%), unilateral lung lesions (28.4%), and consolidation (24.8%) were the most common radiographic abnormalities. Ground-glass attenuation (cIA: 24.2%; nIA: 11.6%; P < 0.01) and pulmonary nodules (cIA: 52.5%; nIA: 38.1%; P < 0.01) were associated with cIA. Other chest CT scan abnormalities (including halo signs and air-crescent signs) at baseline in patients with hematologic malignancy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and suspected IA, were not associated with cIA.
These findings highlight the limitations in the sensitivity of chest CT scans for the diagnosis of IA, and reinforce the importance of incorporating other available clinical data to guide management decisions on individual patients, including whether empirical treatment is reasonable, pending full evaluation.
NCT00531479 (First posted on ClinicalTrials.gov on September 18, 2007).
This paper investigates the transient stability of power systems co-dominated by different types of grid-forming (GFM) devices. Synchronous generators (SGs and VSGs) and droop-controlled inverters ...are typical GFM devices in modern power systems. SGs/VSGs are able to provide inertia while droop-controlled inverters are generally inertialess. The transient stability of power systems dominated by homogeneous GFM devices has been extensively studied. Regarding the hybrid system jointly dominated by heterogeneous GFM devices, the transient stability is rarely reported. This paper aims to fill this gap. It is found that the synchronization behavior of the hybrid system can be described by a second-order motion equation, resembling the swing equation of SGs. Moreover, two significant differences from conventional power systems are discovered. The first is that the droop control dramatically enhances the damping effect, greatly affecting the transient stability region. The second is that the frequency state variable exhibits a jump at the moment of fault disturbances, thus impacting the post-fault initial-state location and stability assessment. The underlying mechanism behind the two new characteristics is clarified and the impact on the transient stability performance is analyzed and verified. The findings provide new insights into transient stability of power systems hosting heterogeneous devices.
The transient stability of traditional power systems is concerned with the ability of generators to stay synchronized with the positive-sequence voltage of the network, whether for symmetrical or ...asymmetrical faults. In contrast, both positive- and negative-sequence synchronizations should be of concern for inverter-based generation (IBG) under asymmetrical faults. This is because the latest grid codes stipulate that IBG should inject dual-sequence current when riding through asymmetrical faults. Currently, much less is known about the synchronization stability during asymmetrical faults. This significantly differs from the positive-sequence synchronization alone because the coupled dual-sequence synchronization is involved. This paper aims to fill this gap. Considering the sequence coupling under asymmetrical faults, the dual-sequence synchronization model of IBG is developed. Based on the model, the conditions that steady-state equilibrium points should follow are identified. The conditions throw light on the possible types of synchronization instability, including the positive-sequence dominated instability and the negative-sequence dominated one. For different types of instability, the dominant factors are analyzed quantitatively, which are reflected by the limit on the current injection amplitude. Exceeding the limit will lead to the loss of both positive- and negative-sequence synchronizations. The model and the analysis are verified by simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments.
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