Background: Adults' dissatisfaction with their smile and tooth color has led to an increased demand for teeth whitening products, particularly over-the-counter (OTC) systems, which utilize peroxides ...like hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide. While generally safe, these products can temporarily increase tooth sensitivity due to enamel surface damage. Method: An analytical review was conducted using databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, focusing on publications from the past 10 years. Initial findings totaled 35, which were narrowed down to 12 after applying selection criteria, with 5 manuscripts ultimately included. Each paper independently assessed by the authors covered the risks and side effects of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide in whitening products. Discussion: Studies highlighted the oxidizing mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, resulting in a lighter tooth appearance. Additionally, they revealed risks associated with prolonged use, including enamel microhardness and ultrastructural changes, and increased tooth sensitivity due to peroxide penetration and release of inflammatory mediators. Conclusion: While peroxide-based whitening products effectively enhance tooth color, their use necessitates caution due to potential adverse effects on enamel integrity and tooth sensitivity. As demand for at-home whitening rises, balancing efficacy with safety is crucial. Future research should refine whitening protocols, optimize safety parameters, and comprehensively evaluate adverse effects to advance dental whitening practices. Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, teeth whitener, teeth bleaching, side effects, Over-the-counter products
Nowadays, with the development of information and communication technology, all sectors of life are facilitated by the presence of the internet. . The use of social media as a new media that ...currently intersects with life and everyday life in all aspects of people's life also certainly has a very high impact on the emergence of new knowledge, both positive in nature or can also provide new experiences that have never been encountered in the real world and Various kinds of virtual communities emerge with various social goals in the group. The urgency of this research is to see the creation of a communication strategy for a virtual group of women through the WhatsApp application with the aim of providing maximum information and education to women, especially those who join the Ciledug Female Community.This research was conducted using a qualitative case study method with in-depth interview data collection techniques and non-participant observation. From the results of the analysis carried out, the Ciledug Female Community has carried out Sharing Session activities in the form of a good and planned communication strategy in accordance with the objectives that the community wants to produce, namely increasing knowledge and understanding of community members in various things that have never been obtained in space other virtual community spheres. The form of communication carried out in the Virtual Ciledug Female Community, especially at the Sharing Session, is sharing on social media, optimizing messages, managing conversations between resource persons and members and creating engagement between sources, committees and CFC members.Keywords: Communication Strategy, New Media, Virtual Community
Salah satu tujuan Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) 2030 adalah pengentasan kemiskinan, penguatan hak-hak dasar masyarakat dan disrupsi sosial akibat revolusi industri 4.0. Namun di Indonesia ...masih terdapat individu dengan sedikit atau tanpa akses ke teknologi, inilah yang kemudian disebut sebagai kemiskinan digital. Oleh karena itu sangat penting bagi pemerintah untuk memetakan serta menganalisis kelompok yang terkena dampak inklusi digital. Untuk itulah maka penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu memetakan kemiskinan digital menggunakan QGIS kemudian membandingkan kemiskinan digital dengan kemiskinan ekonomi ke dalam empat kuadran. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2019 dan 2020. Penggolongan kemiskinan digital dalam penelitian ini diadopsi dari model Barrantes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemiskinan digital di Indonesia secara umum menurun. Kemudahan internet akses dan distribusi infrastruktur yang lebih baik bisa menjadi penyebab turunnya hal tersebut. Provinsi yang kondisi digitalnya lebih baik dalam rentang waktu 2019-2020 tersebut adalah Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) dan Aceh. Sedangkan provinsi yang indeks kemiskinan digitalnya tetap tinggi di tahun 2020 adalah Papua dan Papua Barat. Abstract
One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 is poverty alleviation, strengthening people’s basic rights and social disruption due to industrial revolution 4.0. However, there are still individuals in Indonesia with little or no access to technology, which this term is then so-called digital poverty. It is therefore very important for the government to do mapping and analyzing groups affected by digital inclusion. For that reason this study is then conducted. This research consists of two parts, firstly is mapping digital poverty using QGIS and secondly is comparing digital poverty with economic poverty into four quadrants. The data used in this study is obtained from the 2019 and 2020 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) data. The digital poverty classification in this study is adopted from Barrantes. The results show that digital poverty in Indonesia is generally decreasing. The ease of internet access and better distribution of infrastructure could be the causes of this decline. Provinces that are getting much better in digital condition within the periode of 2019-2020 are East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and Aceh. Meanwhile, the provinces which the digital poverty index remain high in 2020 are Papua and West Papua.
Purpose
Baitul Maal wa Tamwil
(BMT) is an Islamic microfinance institution created by combining the functionality of
Baitul Maal
and
Baitul Tamwil
in Indonesia. While
Baitul Maal
plays the role of an ...institution that collects funds from
zakah
, cash
waqf
,
infaq
and
sadakah
,
Baitul Tamwil
then distributes these funds in the form of
Qardhul Hassan
financing to the poor at the bottom of the economic pyramid (BOP). This study aims to explain the poverty alleviation effort by BMT regarding its role in providing
Qardhul Hassan
financing to the people at the BOP and provide practical suggestions to maximize the outreach performance of the BMT.
Design/methodology/approach
In this methodology, the study adopts the qualitative analysis of reviewing the literature and interviewing the BMT staff in Jakarta, Makassar and Nusa Tenggara Barat areas to present the views of the practitioners related to the role of
Baitul Maal
in giving
Qardhul Hassan
financing to the people at the BOP using appreciative intelligence framework.
Findings
The study finds that BMT in Indonesia needs several stage-specific structures and roles to be effective. In particular, there is a need to separate the function of
Baitul Maal
from
Baitul Tamwil
to enhance its role when giving
Qardhul Hassan
financing to the people at the BOP. The role of
Baitul Maal
in alleviating the poverty figure is also drawn in this study.
Originality/value
The findings of this study add to the literature on
Baitul Maal
by enabling researchers and practitioners to appreciate the role of
Baitul Maal
, and these findings also contribute towards enriching the knowledge in
Baitul Maal
and financing requirements of the poor at the BOP. This paper also contributes to the field of Islamic accounting which is currently getting prominent.
Abstract
Coal briquette is expected to be able to become low-cost alternative energy source. However, coal briquette combustion produces gas emission such as SO
2
, NO
x
, CO, and CO
2
that cause air ...pollution. The objective of this research is to minimize flue gas emission by using activated carbon made from low level coal such as lignite, obtained from South Sumatera. Activated carbon formation is conducted by using chemical activation method, with ZnCl
2
composition variations of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45% and coal grain size of 40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh, and 100 mesh. Carbonization process was conducted at 500°C for 2 hours. Carbonization was conducted by using an air tight steel box infused by nitrogen along the process. The result of this research shows that the composition of ZnCl
2
40% and coal 60% with 80 mesh of coal grain size, is the optimum condition to produce activated carbon with highest iodine value of 1323 mg/g. in the application of coal briquette flue gas adsorption experiment, the activated carbon is highly effective in absorbing NO
2
with adsorption volume of 87.6 - 90.8%. SO
2
, CO
2
, and poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) gas adsorption levels are varied from 27% to 47.8%, but not really effective in absorbing CO gas with adsorption capacity of 11.5%. The activated carbon utilized in this research has the potential to be developed as effective adsorbent for coal combustion exhaust gas emission.
Accumulating evidence suggests that exogenous cellular stress induces PD-L1 upregulation in cancer. A DNA double-strand break (DSB) is the most critical type of genotoxic stress, but the involvement ...of DSB repair in PD-L1 expression has not been investigated. Here we show that PD-L1 expression in cancer cells is upregulated in response to DSBs. This upregulation requires ATM/ATR/Chk1 kinases. Using an siRNA library targeting DSB repair genes, we discover that BRCA2 depletion enhances Chk1-dependent PD-L1 upregulation after X-rays or PARP inhibition. In addition, we show that Ku70/80 depletion substantially enhances PD-L1 upregulation after X-rays. The upregulation by Ku80 depletion requires Chk1 activation following DNA end-resection by Exonuclease 1. DSBs activate STAT1 and STAT3 signalling, and IRF1 is required for DSB-dependent PD-L1 upregulation. Thus, our findings reveal the involvement of DSB repair in PD-L1 expression and provide mechanistic insight into how PD-L1 expression is regulated after DSBs.
Abstract The Asian monsoon scallop, Amusium pleuronectes , is a key member of the most commercially harvested shellfish community in Asia. Patterns of genetic diversity and natural population ...structure in the target species were investigated to gain a better understanding of its evolutionary history. Samples were collected from five sites across the Indonesian Archipelago. We characterized sequence variation in an mtDNA control region fragment in 249 individuals. The genetic diversity ( h = ranging from 0.83 to 0.92) and nucleotide diversity ( π = ranging from 0.24 to 0.32) were low compared to the estimates reported for many other similar shellfish taxa. Nonetheless, analysis of molecular variance revealed significant genetic differentiation, F ST = 0.0203 ( p < .005 after Bonferroni corrections). Furthermore, both Pairwise fixation index values showed significance among majority population sites, indicating that dispersal potential and gene flow were low in the past. This pattern likely reflects a low dispersal potential, potentially allowing local adaptation to sites that augment any oceanographic and geographic contribution to genetic structure. The results described herein provide a foundation for developing better conservation strategies for the target species in the future.
PDF
