Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer’s Disease Kaštelan, Snježana; Braš, Marijana; Pjevač, Neda ...
International journal of molecular sciences,
09/2023, Volume:
24, Issue:
17
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that represents the most common type of dementia. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge that requires ...timely recognition and treatment. Currently, there is no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may slow down its progression. The discovery of AD biomarkers, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid molecules (amyloid-β and tau) has advanced our understanding of this disease and has been crucial for identifying early neuropathologic changes prior to clinical changes and cognitive decline. The close interrelationship between the eye and the brain suggests that tears could be an interesting source of biomarkers for AD; however, studies in this area are limited. The identification of biomarkers in tears will enable the development of cost-effective, non-invasive methods of screening, diagnosis and disease monitoring. In order to use tears as a standard method for early and non-invasive diagnosis of AD, future studies need to be conducted on a larger scale.
Modern medicine is divided into three categories, namely preventive, curative and palliative. Palliative medicine and palliative care focus on people suffering from progressive incurable diseases ...with an expected fatal outcome, as well as their family members. It is conducted by an interdisciplinary palliative team at all levels of health care. Palliative care is a broader term than palliative medicine, as it encompasses other activities carried out by social welfare institutions as well as civil society organizations, religious institutions and other stakeholders in the community. Although elements of the palliative approach have been encountered throughout history since the beginning of medical treatment, in the last fifty years we have witnessed the rapid development of palliative medicine as a distinct specialization and subspecialisation in many countries around the world. Palliative care is a civilizational step forward and a true example of person-centered medicine. Given the aging population and the growing technological capabilities of modern medicine, we expect a large increase in the need for palliative care which requires the active contribution of all participants involved in creating and implementing social and health policies, both locally, nationally and internationally. This paper presents the historical development and current state of palliative medicine in the world with special emphasis on the situation in Croatia. Key words: palliative medicine, palliative care, palliative team, quality of life, strategic plans, person-centered medicine, total pain, education
Occupational diseases are diseases directly induced by work and working conditions. In the Republic of Croatia, according to the procedure set out by law, occupational diseases are reported and ...recognized by the Croatian Health Insurance Fund and registered and monitored in the Registry of Occupational Diseases kept by the Croatian Institute for Public Health – Department of Occupational Health. Diagnoses are under responsibility of occupational medicine specialists and are carried out according to modern occupational health criteria, which include determining the clinical picture of the disease and the damage caused by the work process. The recognition of COVID-19 as an occupational disease is extremely important for the worker considering the financial and pension benefits according to the applicable laws and regulations. Most workers who have had COVID-19 as a professional disease do not get the disease recognized as an occupational disease while they are sick. The length of the acute disease is shorter than the process of application and evaluation of occupational disease. However, the recognition of COVID-19 as an occupational disease may be important for the future. Should any of the complications (e.g. post COVID-19 syndrome) arise in the future, the worker holds their rights under health insurance. The scientific and healthcare community is still in the process of evaluating and recognizing complications of COVID-19 disease and their long-term impact on health and work ability. Key words: occupational disease, legislation, public health, occupational medicine
Suvremena se medicina dijeli na preventivnu, kurativnu i palijativnu. Palijativna medicina i palijativna skrb bave se osobama koje boluju od progresivnih neizlječivih bolesti s očekivanim smrtonosnim ...ishodom i članovima njihovih obitelji. Provodi ju interdisciplinarni palijativni tim na svim razinama zdravstvene zaštite. Palijativna skrb je širi pojam od palijativne medicine, jer obuhvaća i brojne druge aktivnosti koje provode institucije vezane uz socijalnu skrb kao i organizacije civilnog društva, vjerske institucije i drugi dionici u zajednici. Iako elemente palijativnog pristupa nalazimo u ljudskoj povijesti otkad postoji liječenje, zadnjih pedesetak godina svjedoci smo naglog razvoja palijativne medicine kao posebne specijalizacije i subspecijalizacije u brojnim zemljama u svijetu. Palijativna skrb je civilizacijski iskorak i pravi primjer medicine usmjerene prema osobi. Obzirom na starenje populacije i sve veće tehnološke mogućnosti suvremene medicine, očekujemo veliko povećanje potreba za palijativnom skrbi, što zahtijeva aktivno sudjelovanje svih koji sudjeluju u kreiranju i provođenju socijalnih i zdravstvenih politika zajednice, kako na lokalnoj tako i na nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj razini. U ovom je radu prikazan povijesni razvoj i sadašnje stanje palijativne medicine u svijetu, s posebnim naglaskom na situaciju u Hrvatskoj.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of newly detected asymptomatic hypertension in a random sample of urban and rural population of the Posušje community, and to assess the possible ...age and sex differences between these two population groups. The study included 2000 subjects that underwent blood pressure measurement. Elevated blood pressure was detected in 532 (26.60%) subjects that were divided into three groups according to the level of hypertension: mild, moderate and severe hypertension. Study results showed that there were no statistically significant age or sex differences according to the levels of asymptomatic hypertension, or between the urban and rural populations of the Posušje community.
Cilj je istraživanja ispitati povezanost tjelesne aktivnosti kvalitete života starijih osoba. Ispitanici su pokretni građani starije životne dobi od 70 do 90 godina (N = 100). Rezultati su dobiveni ...na temelju ispunjenog Indeksa osobne kvalitete života. Ispitanici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine s obzirom na učestalost bavljenja tjelesnom aktivnošću. U skupinu aktivnih svrstani su oni koje se bave tri ili više puta tjedno nekom od tjelesnih aktivnosti dulje od 30 minuta (N = 56), a u skupinu neaktivnih oni koji nisu tjelesno aktivni (N = 44). Utvrđena je niska, ali značajna pozitivna korelacija učestalosti bavljenja tjelesnom aktivnošću i kvalitete života na domeni zdravlja (r = 0,202; p < 0,05) i kvalitete života na domeni uspješnosti (r = 0,198; p < 0,05). Slijedeći preporuke Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije i rezultate niza istraživanja te dijela rezultata i ovog istraživanja koje ukazuje na znatnu povezanost učestalosti tjelesne aktivnosti i domene zdravlja kvalitete života, stalna tjelesna aktivnost mora biti neizostavna mjera primarne prevencije zaštite zdravlja starijih osoba, iako rezultati ovog istraživanje ne ukazuju na statistički značajnu povezanost tjelesne aktivnosti i ukupne kvalitete života.
PDF
