The article is a comparative study of islands' reactions to the global financial crisis. The main aim is to identify conditions which influence how the effects of the crisis in the tourism sector ...differed between selected island territories. Seventeen island territories which rely on tourism were selected for analysis. Each reacted differently to the global financial crisis, especially with regard to changes in tourist movement, employment in tourism, and expenditure by foreign tourists. The factors analysed are: length of time as an independent state or dependent territory, degree of dependence on tourism, the diversity of the mix of foreign markets from which tourists arrive, level of dominance of the main foreign market, level of dependence on European and North- and South American markets, duration of flights from the main market, level of economic development, quality of life of the island area's residents, tourist expenditure, and changes in government expenditure on tourism. The statistical analysis was conducted using both the Spearman and the Kendall rank correlation coefficients.
Rozwój turystyki na małych obszarach wyspiarskich stał się motorem rozwoju gospodarczego. Sytuacja tych obszarów podczas światowego kryzysu gospodarczego była zróżnicowana. Niektóre z nich, mimo ...dekoniunktury na rynku turystycznym, odnotowały lepsze wyniki tego sektora niż pozostałe. W monografii wskazano uwarunkowania tego sukcesu, a także model reakcji destynacji turystycznej na kryzys ekonomiczny. Przedstawione wnioski mogą zostać wykorzystane w tworzeniu polityki turystycznej na obszarach zależnych gospodarczo od turystyki i w konsekwencji przyczynić się do zwiększania wpływów z tej dziedziny gospodarki. Monografia jest polecana przedstawicielom nauki, biznesu i administracji zajmującym się turystyką.Wyjaśniając zależności pomiędzy wybranymi zmiennymi determinującymi odporność na sytuacje kryzysowe w obszarze turystyki, Autorka wykorzystała wiele danych statystycznych dostępnych w międzynarodowych bazach, ukazujących nie tylko wielkość ruchu turystycznego, zatrudnienia w przemyśle turystycznym oraz wpływów z tytułu zagranicznej turystyki przyjazdowej, lecz także strukturę rynku turystycznego, stopień jego dywersyfikacji oraz uzależnienie od głównych rynków emisyjnych.Z recenzji dr hab. Teresy Skalskiej Praca ma logiczną strukturę, odpowiednio dobraną metodologię i prezentuje bardzo wysoki poziom naukowy.Z recenzji prof. Tadeusza Siwka (Uniwersytet w Ostrawie) Katarzyna Podhorodecka – adiunkt na Wydziale Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Wiedzę i doświadczenie zdobywała także, pracując w Ministerstwie Gospodarki i Ministerstwie Sportu i Turystyki. Zajmuje się badaniami turystyki, w tym sprawami zagospodarowania turystycznego kraju, innowacyjnością oraz klastrami. Prowadziła wykłady na zagranicznych uniwersytetach (m.in.: w Hiszpanii, w Czechach, na Słowacji), odbyła staż dydaktyczny w University of North Florida w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Ma w dorobku 38 publikacji, w tym 15 artykułów naukowych w języku angielskim. Jest redaktorem statystycznym czasopisma naukowego „Miscellanea Geographica – Regional Studies on Development”.
The purpose of this article was to observe the relationship between the tourism movement and the economic development of island territories during the global economic crisis (2008-2010). The aim of ...the paper was also answer the questions: why did some island territories react differently to the global economic crisis and if the coefficient of variation is a good indicator for assessing the changes in tourism movement during crisis events. Countries that have larger tourism expenditures as a proportion of GDP had a weak relationship between changes in tourist arrivals and changes in GDP. The islands prone to the global economic crisis did not have a stronger correlation between changes in tourist arrivals and GDP. The coefficient of variation was a good measure to indicate the island regions that were characterized by major changes in the volume of tourist movements.
The aim of this article is to show what was the level of tourist travels and tourism development in the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship during the COVID-19 pandemic times. The article presents the main ...factors that influenced the development tourist arrivals in this region. The methods used were observations, analysis of literature, analysis of strategic documents and analysis of data col- lected by a questionnaire. The article analyses the conditions of the area enhancing the develop- ment of tourism, including climate, road and rail infrastructure and tourist routes. In addition, tourist attractions in the province were highlighted and reference was made to the existing tourist infrastructure accommodation and catering facilities. A questionnaire was also carried out per- taining to tourists opinions about travels during the COVID-19 pandemic time.
The Cayman Islands are one of the SISODs, located in the Caribbean Sea, with a high number of foreign visitor arrivals and a GDP based to a large extent on tourism. They are also considered to be ...SITE islands and may even be characteristic of the subtype, PROFIT-SITE islands. The aim of the article is to provide an answer to the question of whether the increase in the number of tourist and one-day visitor arrivals
had a positive impact on the creation of GDP in the Cayman Islands during the period 1983-2011. The hypothesis was that such a correlation should exist and it should be a strong positive correlation, but only between the increase in number of tourist arrivals and increase in GDP. The second question was: which year is the most economically affected by the increase in tourist and visitor arrivals (the same or the following year)? The hypothesis was that the biggest impact is recorded in the year in which the increase in tourist and visitor arrivals occurs (not in the following year). The third question was: has the global economic crisis affected the tourism sector in the Cayman Islands? The hypothesis was that the Cayman Islands were not as badly affected by the global economic crisis as other SISOD countries. The methods used by the author were literature analysis, data analysis and the Spearman correlation ratio.
Interactions between drugs are a common problem in Intensive Care Unit patients, as they mainly have a critical condition that often demands the administration of multiple drugs simultaneously. ...Antibiotics are among the most frequently used medications, as infectious diseases are often observed in ICU patients. In this review, the most important antibiotic–drug interactions, based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms, were gathered together and described. In particular, some of the most important interactions with main groups of antibacterial drugs were observed in patients simultaneously prescribed oral anticoagulants, NSAIDs, loop diuretics, and valproic acid. As a result, the activity of drugs can be increased or decreased, as dosage modification might be necessary. It should be noted that these crucial interactions can help predict and avoid negative consequences, leading to better patient recovery. Moreover, since there are other factors, such as fluid therapy or albumins, which may also modify the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy, it is important for anaesthesiologists to be aware of them.
PDF
