Eating disorders (EDs), disordered eating (DE) and obesity are thought to have overlapping aetiological processes. DE in obesity can jeopardize weight-loss results, and acyl ghrelin (AG) is a hormone ...that stimulates food intake and reward processes. The main study objective was to determine whether higher-than-expected concentrations of AG in common obesity are associated with DE symptoms.
The study population included 84 women, aged 20–55 years, free of established EDs: 55 were severely obese (OB) and 29 were of normal weight (NW). OB participants were stratified into two groups according to their median concentration of fasting AG distribution. The OB women with a high fasting plasma ghrelin concentration (HGC) were compared with both OB women with a low fasting plasma ghrelin concentration (LGC) and NW women. Participants were assessed by the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Fasting glucose, insulin, leptin and ghrelin plasma concentrations were also quantified.
Between the two AG groups of OB women, there was no statistical difference in either anthropometric or metabolic parameters, HADS, TFEQ or fasting hunger scores. However, the HGC group scored significantly higher than the LGC group on the drive-for-thinness subscale of EDI-2 (9.30±0.99 vs. 6.46±0.83, respectively; P=0.033).
Results support the hypothesis of a potential relationship between fasting plasma AG concentrations and ED risk, regardless of mood and anxiety. AG may be considered a potential biomarker of vulnerability for developing EDs.
Purpose
Peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal goblet cell carcinoma (A-GCC) is a rare and aggressive form of appendiceal tumor. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intra peritoneal ...chemotherapy (HIPEC) was reported as an interesting alternative regarding survival compared to surgery without HIPEC and/or systemic chemotherapy. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of CRS and HIPEC for patients presenting A-GCC through an international registry.
Methods
A prospective multicenter international database was retrospectively searched to identify all patients with A-GCC tumor and peritoneal metastases who underwent CRS and HIPEC through the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI). The post-operative complications, long-term results, and principal prognostic factors were analyzed.
Results
The analysis included 83 patients. After a median follow-up of 47 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 34.6 months. The 3- and 5-year OS was 48.5% and 35.7%, respectively. Patients who underwent complete macroscopic CRS had a significantly better survival than those treated with incomplete CRS. The 5-year OS was 44% and 0% for patients who underwent complete, and incomplete CRS, respectively (HR 9.65,
p
< 0.001). Lymph node involvement and preoperative chemotherapy were also predictive of a worse prognosis. There were 3 postoperative deaths, and 30% of the patients had major complications.
Conclusion
CRS and HIPEC may increase long-term survival in selected patients with peritoneal metastases of A-GCC origin, especially when complete CRS is achieved. Ideally, randomized control trials or more retrospective data are needed to confirm CRS and HIPEC as the gold standard in this pathology.
According to changes in aircraft certifications rules, instrumentation has to be developed to alert the flight crews of potential icing conditions. The technique developed needs to measure in real ...time the amount of ice and liquid water encountered by the plane. Interferometric imaging offers an interesting solution: It is currently used to measure the size of regular droplets, and it can further measure the size of irregular particles from the analysis of their speckle-like out-of-focus images. However, conventional image processing needs to be speeded up to be compatible with the real-time detection of icing conditions. This article presents the development of an optimised algorithm to accelerate image processing. The algorithm proposed is based on the detection of each interferogram with the use of the gradient pair vector method. This method is shown to be 13 times faster than the conventional Hough transform. The algorithm is validated on synthetic images of mixed phase clouds, and finally tested and validated in laboratory conditions. This algorithm should have important applications in the size measurement of droplets and ice particles for aircraft safety, cloud microphysics investigation, and more generally in the real-time analysis of triphasic flows using interferometric particle imaging.
Purpose
Peritoneal carcinomatosis or pseudomyxoma peritonei from urachus is a rare form of presentation, often diagnosed at an advanced state of tumor burden. Because of its rarity, little is known ...about its natural history, prognosis, or optimal treatment. We searched a large international multicenter database of peritoneal surface disease to identify cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis of urachus that were treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at expert centers. The aim is to improve knowledge and understanding of the disease and standardize its treatment.
Methods
A prospective multicenter international database was retrospectively searched to identify all patients with urachus tumor and peritoneal metastases who underwent CRS and HIPEC through the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI). Postoperative complications, long-term results, and principal prognostic factors were analyzed.
Results
The analysis included 36 patients. After median follow-up of 48 months, median overall survival (OS) was 58.5 months. Three- and 5-year OS was 55.4 and 46.2%, respectively. Patients who underwent complete macroscopic CRS had significantly better survival than those treated with incomplete CRS, with median OS not achieved and of 20.1 months, respectively 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4–30.5,
p
< 0.001. There were no postoperative deaths, and 37.9% of patients had major complications.
Conclusion
CRS and HIPEC may increase long-term survival in selected patients with peritoneal metastases of urachus origin, especially when complete CRS is achieved.
Retrorectal tumors (RRT), whether benign or malignant in nature, are rare in adults and often asymptomatic. While diagnosis is based on clinical findings, differential diagnosis depends mainly on ...magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI provides guidance for surgical management, the first-line treatment of choice. Four surgical approaches are described: abdominal, perineal, posterior and abdomino-sacral.. This review of major reported series has made it possible to specify the indications for each surgical approach, as well as the advantages, disadvantages and complications of each one. The choice of surgical approach is determined by the nature of the RRT, its anatomical position relative to the middle of the third sacral vertebra (S3) and the presence or absence of invasion of the neighboring organs, the pelvis or sacral vertebrae. The abdominal route is chosen for tumors situated above the middle of S3, whether benign or malignant, but without invasion of neighboring organs. The perineal route is indicated for benign RRT situated below the middle of S3. The posterior route is chosen for tumors located below the middle of S3, and allows an associated resection of sacral segments in case of tumor invasion. The combined abdomino-sacral route is indicated for RRT above the middle of S3, when there is an invasion of a pelvic organ or a sacral vertebra. Intra- and post-operative complications are mainly hemorrhagic, neurological and infectious. The long-term prognosis is usually favorable, but varies according to the nature of the RRT and its management.
Being the principal product of photosynthesis, sucrose is involved in many metabolic processes in plants. As magnesium (Mg) is phloem mobile, an inverse relationship between Mg shortage and sugar ...accumulation in leaves is often observed. Mg deficiency effects on carbohydrate contents and invertase activities were determined in Sulla carnosa Desf. Plants were grown hydroponically at different Mg concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.05 and 1.50 mM Mg) for one month. Mineral analysis showed that Mg contents were drastically diminished in shoots and roots mainly at 0.01 and 0.00 mM Mg. This decline was adversely associated with a significant increase of sucrose, fructose and mainly glucose in shoots of plants exposed to severe deficiency. By contrast, sugar contents were severely reduced in roots of these plants indicating an alteration of carbohydrate partitioning between shoots and roots of Mg-deficient plants. Cell wall invertase activity was highly enhanced in roots of Mg-deficient plants, while the vacuolar invertase activity was reduced at 0.00 mM Mg. This decrease of vacuolar invertase activity may indicate the sensibility of roots to Mg starvation resulting from sucrose transport inhibition.
CO
labeling experiments were in accordance with these findings showing an inhibition of sucrose transport from source leaves to sink tissues (roots) under Mg depletion. The obtained results confirm previous findings about Mg involvement in photosynthate loading into phloem and add new insights into mechanisms evolved by S. carnosa to cope with Mg shortage in particular the increase of the activity of cell wall invertase.
Abstract Background Epithelioid peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (EPMM) is the most common subtype of this aggressive tumor. We compared two antibodies against PD-L1, a recent theranostic biomarker, ...and evaluated the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression by mesothelial and immune cells in EPMM. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on 45 EPMM. Clinical and pathological data were extracted from the RENAPE database. Using E1L3N and SP142 clones, inter-observer agreement, PD-L1 expression by mesothelial and immune cells and inter-antibody agreement were evaluated. The prognostic relevance of PD-L1 expression was evaluated in 39 EPMM by univariate and multivariate analysis of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Inter-observer agreement on E1L3N immunostaining was moderate for mesothelial and immune cells, and fair for mesothelial and poor for immune cells using SP142. Using E1L3N, 31.1% of mesothelial and 15.6% of immune cells expressed PD-L1, and 22.2% of mesothelial and 26.7% of immune cells using SP142. Inter-antibody agreement was moderate. In most positive cases, 1–5% of tumor cells were positive. Using E1L3N, PD-L1 expression by lymphocytes was associated with better OS and PFS by both univariate and multivariate analysis. Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy predicted better prognosis than other treatments. Solid subtype was an independent prognostic factor for worse OS. Conclusion E1L3N appeared easier to use than SP142 to evaluate PD-L1 expression. A minority of EPMM expressed PD-L1, and only a few cells were positive. PD-L1 expression by immune cells evaluated with E1L3N was an independent prognostic factor in EPMM.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term hearing preservation after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for vestibular schwannomas in patients with initially normal or subnormal ...hearing (Gardner-Robertson Class 1) and to determine the predictive factors for functional hearing preservation.
METHODS
Since July 1992, more than 2053 vestibular schwannomas have been treated by GKS and followed at the Timone University Hospital, Marseille. A minimum of 3 years of follow-up (range, 3–11 years; median, 48 months) is available for 74 patients (without neurofibromatosis Type 2 or previous surgery) with Gardner-Robertson Class 1 hearing.
RESULTS
The average age of the patients was 47.5 years (range, 17–76 years). The number of tumors in Koos Stage I was 8, the average number in Stage II was 21, the average number in Stage III was 43, and the average number in Stage IV was 2. The median number of isocenters was 8 (range, 2–45), and the median marginal dose was 12 Gy (range, 9–13 Gy). At the time of the last follow-up evaluation, 78.4% of the patients had preserved functional hearing. Tumor control was achieved in 93% of the cases. The probability of preserving functional hearing was higher in patients who had an initial symptom other than hearing decrease (91.1%), in patients younger than 50 years (83.7%), and in those treated with a dose to the cochlea of less than 4 Gy (90.9%).
CONCLUSION
This study shows that the probability of preserving functional hearing in the long term after GKS for patients presenting with unilateral vestibular schwannomas is very high. The positive predictive factors appear to be young age, an initial symptom other than hearing decrease, and a low dose to the cochlea.
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