The aim of the study was to examine the demographic and practice characteristics of current yoga participants and assess their levels of mindfulness, self-compassion, stress, anxiety, depression and ...wellbeing and implications for designing a yoga intervention.
A web-based survey was administered to South Australian yoga teachers and students from September 2014 to February 2015.
Results showed a positive correlation with mindfulness and self-compassion and negative correlation with Depression, Anxiety and Stress scores with months of practice. Mindfulness and self-compassion scores were significantly higher with two or more classes per week and mindfulness higher in those with a regular meditation practice.
Key findings indicate that class frequency, practice experience and meditation practice are important factors in designing a yoga intervention examining mindfulness and mental health.
Findings provide important information for guiding development of a yoga intervention for anxiety and depression.
Aim
Mindfulness‐based interventions have been tested as preventive programs for childhood internalizing difficulties, but most research has been at a ‘universal’ level with small to null effects. ...Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Children (MBCT‐C) has similar effects to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) when used as a small‐group, targeted preventive program. Knowledge gaps include the longer‐term effectiveness of MBCT‐C relative to CBT and the benefits of adding a parent module. This trial aims to compare MCBT‐C to traditional CBT, including a parent module, to 15‐months post‐intervention and to test the feasibility and acceptability of adding a parent module.
Methods
Participants will be recruited from primary schools in areas of socio‐economic disadvantage in South Australia (n = 194). Children (aged 9–12) years with signs of internalizing difficulties (e.g., shy, withdrawn, worried), and their parents, will be eligible for this two‐armed randomized controlled non‐inferiority trial (RCT). Children will participate in 10 group sessions of MBCT‐C or CBT, facilitated by psychologists, and parents from both conditions will participate in two parent‐only group sessions. Child self‐report measures include depression and anxiety, as well as attention, mindfulness and self‐compassion. Parent measures include symptoms of depression and anxiety, mindfulness, and parent–child relationship strength. The primary outcome will be child anxiety and depression (Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale‐25). Measures will be collected pre and post intervention, and at 3, 6, 12 and 15‐month follow up.
Results
Schools will be recruited from October 2022. Nomination of children will commence from February 2023. Program implementation will begin May 2023.
Conclusions
This trial will have implications for the feasibility of involving parents in preventative programs, as well as whether mindfulness‐based interventions prevent internalizing difficulties over time.
ObjectivesChildren of parents diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at greater risk of psychopathology compared to children of healthy controls and parents diagnosed with another ...mental illness. Parental and child psychopathology are likely to be related via multiple pathways. The current study explored relationships between parental borderline symptom severity, parental empathy, parenting style, and child psychopathology.MethodsParents diagnosed with BPD were recruited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Sixty-four parents completed questionnaires assessing borderline symptom severity, parental empathy, and parenting style. Parental reports of child psychopathology were obtained for 64 children (aged 4–17) utilising the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the relationships between variables. Two three-path serial mediation models were tested.ResultsParental borderline symptom severity was negatively associated with parental empathy, and positively associated with maladaptive parenting styles. Parental borderline symptom severity was related to child psychopathology via two indirect pathways 1) authoritarian parenting style and 2) through parental empathy’s relationship with authoritarian parenting.ConclusionsFuture research is recommended to develop and evaluate parenting programme for parents experiencing borderline symptoms and their school-aged children.KEY POINTSWhat is already known about this topic:While many people with borderline symptoms are capable parents, difficulties in some domains of parenting have been identified.The extant literature has a heavy focus on the perinatal period while studies of school-aged children of parents with borderline symptoms are limited.Evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions specific to this population of parents and children remains a gap in the literature.What this topic adds:Borderline symptom severity was related to child psychopathology via parental empathy’s association with authoritarian parenting.Children of parents who experience severe borderline symptoms may benefit from screening for internalising and externalising symptoms to aid early intervention.Interventions for this specific cohort of parents and children may consider parental psychopathology, parental empathy and maladaptive parenting styles as treatment targets.
The PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationship, Meaning, Achievement) model can be used to describe the factors that contribute to wellbeing. As many children face mental health challenges ...worldwide, strategies to increase wellbeing and resilience have become increasingly desirable. The aim of this scoping review was to establish what is known from the literature about the relationship between the components of PERMA, including character strengths, and primary school-aged children’s mental health, resilience and wellbeing. Four databases were systematically searched, and 20,128 articles were identified, 190 of which were included in the review. The relationships were typically in the expected directions, with PERMA aspects associated with greater wellbeing and resilience, and fewer symptoms of mental illness. There are notable gaps in the existing literature, particularly in the Engagement and Meaning facets of PERMA. Overall, it appears that the components of PERMA do have a positive impact on children and can be considered as an approach for protecting children against mental ill-health.
The aim of the study was to understand the perspectives of mental health consumers, staff, and yoga teachers on the characteristics of a yoga‐based intervention to be developed for consumers with a ...long‐term mental health condition, in addition to anxiety and/or depression. Two focus groups were held with mental health consumers (n = 8), two focus groups with mental health staff (n = 13) from a metropolitan community mental health setting, and five one‐on‐one interviews with yoga teachers. Participants were asked about the feasibility and appropriateness of a range of yoga practice features to be tested as a newly developed yoga‐based intervention. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes. Findings included the following consumer themes: Mental health understanding and experience of teachers and participants is important, Creating a safe space and Yoga practice elements. Staff themes included Mental health understanding and experience of teachers is important, Environmental design, and Yoga practice elements. Yoga teacher themes included Environmental design and Yoga practice elements. Mental health understanding and experience of the yoga teacher, and trauma‐informed care were consistently emphasized by consumers and staff. Teachers focused less on specific mental health considerations, which may be reflective of a broader knowledge gap. Recommendations regarding yoga practice elements, including pre‐information, regular and consistent practice, modifications, breathwork, mindfulness and guided practice, and environmental design features, were consistent with current trauma‐informed yoga research. Findings will be used to guide the development of a yoga‐based intervention for consumers with a long‐term mental health condition, in addition to anxiety and/or depression.
People who commit sexual offences are a heterogeneous group, with research suggesting that children and young people commit a large proportion of all sex offences, especially those committed against ...other children. This systematic review provides a synthesis of literature concerning the characteristics of children and adolescents who exhibit harmful sexual behaviour. There is a particular focus in this review on studies that examine the characteristics of children and young people exhibiting these behaviours within institutional and organisational settings or which take a situational and/or developmental approach to understanding sexually abusive behaviour. Using a developmental and life-course criminology lens, this review explores implications from the literature for the prevention and response to child sexual abuse, with a particular focus on institutional contexts where the perpetrators are children and adolescents.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of yoga in the management of anxiety and depression, development of mindfulness and self-compassion and implications for mental health care ...delivery and mental health professionals, with a specific focus on nursing practice.
Design/methodology/approach
A search of electronic databases Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Library was undertaken.
Findings
There is growing research evidence supporting the use of yoga as an adjunct or combination therapy for the management of stress, anxiety and depression. Mindfulness has been indicated as a potential mechanism of change but needs further research. Health care professionals may play an important role in supporting consumers to engage in yoga as part of their mental health care.
Research limitations/implications
Yoga research to date has been limited by methodological weaknesses including wide variation of yoga practices, styles and teaching methods; difficulties in double-blinding, suitable placebo-control; lack of randomised controlled trials and small sample sizes. The literature highlights that more high-quality yoga and mental health research is needed.
Practical implications
The paper introduces the potential role of yoga for anxiety and depression in the health care system and the role of mental health professionals in implementing and promoting holistic yoga-based therapies.
Originality/value
This paper proposes a yoga model for mental health and provides insight into a proposed new direction for future mental health care and the role of nursing practice and other mental health professionals.
Proposals for the application of Bayes' Theorem as an aid to child abuse decision making are discussed critically. Subsequently, two examples of the application of research findings concerning signs ...of child abuse to decision making are demonstrated, using data from research studies of signs of physical abuse and sexual abuse. The calculation of the probability of the presence of abuse using Bayes' Theorem is described, given prevalence information and specific indicators of abuse. In addition, a method for describing the degree of imprecision in estimates of the probability of abuse is discussed. Specific issues that affect the valid application of research findings within Bayes' Theorem are discussed, including estimates of the prevalence or base rate of child abuse, sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic signs, and the independence of information that is combined in Bayes' Theorem. Recommendations for addressing these issues when Bayes' Theorem is applied to child abuse decision making are discussed, including assessment of the independence of indicators that are combined in Bayes' Theorem, suitable bases for estimating the prevalence of abuse, and the calculation of imprecision in probability estimates of abuse.
